This document discusses ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It defines non-ferrous metals as metals that do not contain iron in appreciable amounts. Some key non-ferrous metals discussed include copper, aluminum, zinc, tin, lead, magnesium, and titanium. The document also discusses non-ferrous alloys like brass, bronze, duralumin and solder. It provides examples of common uses for each metal and alloy. The document concludes by comparing advantages and disadvantages of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

1. NON- FERROUS METALS

2. Metals
Ferrous Non Ferrous
Pure
Ferrous
Metals
Ferrous
Alloys
Pure Non
Ferrous
Metals
Non
Ferrous
Alloys
Copper Alum.
Zinc Tin
Brass Bronze Solder
Lead Silver
Gold Mercury
Mercury is the only non
ferrous metal that is liquid
at room temperature.
Copper
+
Zinc
Copper
+
Tin
Lead
+
Tin
Alloying.
Iron
Steel
High
Speed
Steel
High Speed Steel Cutting
Tools

3. INTRODUCTION
 In metallurgy, a non-ferrous metal is any metal,
including alloys, that does not contain iron in
appreciable amounts.
 Generally more expensive than ferrous metals,
non-ferrous metals are used because of
desirable properties such as-
 low weight (e.g., aluminium),
 higher conductivity (e.g., copper),
 non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion
(e.g., zinc)
 Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the
iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is
used as flux for blast furnaces etc.

4. conti..
 Most NON-FERROUS metals are soft compared
to ferrous metals.
 By alloying with other materials, they form new
materials and become stronger for further
applications. These are also known as "Non-
Ferrous Alloys".
 These include the radioactive metals uranium,
thorium, and plutonium that are used as nuclear
fuels.

5. Non-Ferrous Metals: Pure Metals
 Copper
•Red colour
•Excellent thermal and electric
conductor
•Corrosion resistant
•Good welding
•Very ductile and malleable
compared to other metals
• Symbol: Cu; atomic weight:
63.54; atomic number: 29;spec
ific gravity: 8.92 at 20°C.
•Copper is extracted from the
ore chalcopyrite(CuFeS2)

6. Copper
•Electrical fitting and wires
•Tips of soldering iron
•Domestic water pipes
•Cooking utensils

7. • roofing material
• cables,
• switchboard parts
• electrical bolts and nuts
• busbars
• telephone wires.

8.  Tin
•Bluish white shiny colour
•Soft
•Corrosion resistant
•Low melting point
•Symbol: Sn; atomic weight
: 118.69; atomic number:
50; specific gravity: 7.31at
20°C.
Tin is extracted from
cassiterite

9. Tin
• Tin is used in soft solder
• the canning industry
• the cladding of steel sheeting.
• It is also used in brasses and bronzes.
• Tin provides a protective coating in copper
wires
• Used as a coating on food cans
• Used tin foil and soldering.

10. •Tinplate from which food cans are made
•Coating or printed circuit boards

11.  Zinc
•White colour
•Very corrosion resistant
•Symbol: Zn; atomic weig
ht: 65.37; atomic number:
30;specific gravity: 7.14
at 20°C.
• The most common zinc
ore is sphalerite
(zinc blende),
a zinc sulfide mineral
Non-Ferrous Metals: Pure Metals

12. Zinc
• Zinc is seldom used alone but is alloyed
with other metals to make brass and
bronze.
• It is used as a coating (galvanising) on
steel sheets, water tanks and wire

13. •Batteries
•Roof

14.  Aluminum
• White shiny colour
• Light and good endurance
• No toxic
• Cheap
•Stainless
•Symbol: Al; atomic no: 13;ato
mic wt: 26.9815; valency: 3; rel
ative density: 2.699; melting pt:
660.45°C; boiling pt: 2520°
C
•The third most abundant
element in the earth's crust oc
curring only as a compound, pr
incipally in bauxite.

15. Uses:
Aluminium
• Used in aircraft manufacture
• window frames
• kitchen ware.
• Engine parts
• Overhead power cables
• Road signs
• Ladders
• electricity conductors.

16. • Used as structural framing like the high
strength aluminum alloys and secondary
building elements such as windows, doors,
roofing, flashing, trim and hard wares.
A cast aluminium engine
block

17.  Magnesium
•Very light
•Expensive
•Violent reaction with
oxygen
•Symbol: Mg; atomi
c weight: 24.312; at
omic number: 12; s
pecific gravity: 1.74
at 20°C.
Non-Ferrous Metals: Pure Metals

18. Magnesium
• Magnesium is used in pyrotechnic (i.e.
fireworks).
• It is alloyed with other metals to make
them lighter and more easily welded.

19.  Titanium
•Very expensive
•Endurance like steel but quite lighter.
•Biocompatible
•Symbol: Ti; atomic weight: 47.90
; atomic number: 22; specific grav
ity: 4.5 at 20°C.
Titanium ore

20.  Gold
•The most malleable and ductile metal
•Very corrosion resistant
•High thermal and electric conductivity
•High economic value
• Symbol: Au; atomic weight: 196.9
67; atomic number: 79; specific gra
vity: 19.3 at 20°C.
Non-Ferrous Metals: Pure Metals
Aurum

21. Gold
• Used mainly for jewelry.
• Also used in computers as a conductor.
• Used for its reflective powers to protect
satellites

22.  Lead
•Grey colour
•Very soft
•Low melting point
•Ductile and malleable
•Very toxic

23. Lead
• used in roofing, in batteries and to
make pipes.
• It is often added to other metals to
make them free-cutting.
• It is used for soft solder, bullets,
lead cables, plumbing, on roofs,
and as plates in car batteries
• Lead pipe in Roman baths

24. • Core of some batteries
• Can be mixed with other protection against x-
rays
and radiation
• Weights
• Solder
• Used for roof flashing.
• batteries and
• X-ray protection

25.  Brass (Copper+Zinc)
•Yellow colour
•Very ductile and malleable
•Good tensile endurance
Non-Ferrous Metals: Alloys

26. Brass
• Is used for ornamental purposes
• within electrical fittings.
•Musical instruments
•Pins of electrical plugs
•Nuts, bolts and screws
•Hingers

27. • water fittings
• screws
• Radiators
•Locks & Keys

28.  Bronze (Copper+Tin)
•Dark yellow colour
•More endurance than
brass
•Very corrosion resistant
•Good sonority
•Very fluid when melting,
good for molding.

29. Bronze
• Bronze is used for valves, valve seats,
bearings and gear wheels.
• underwater fittings.
• Also used for statues and medals.

30. •ship propellers
•Bells
•Gears
•Bearings
•Statues

31. Silver.
• A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it
has the highest electrical conductivity of any
element and the highest thermal
conductivity of any metal. The metal occurs
naturally in its pure, free form.

32. Silver
• Used for decorative impact in jewellery
and ornaments,
• to solder different metals together.
• high quality cutlery
• currency coins
• Used in mirrors as a reflective metal.

33. Solder.
Solder is a fusible metal alloy used to join
together metal work pieces and having a
melting point below that of the work
pieces. It is an alloy of Lead and Tin.

34. Solder
• Solder is used for electronics,
• plumbing,
• jewelry making and
• repair processes where metal parts
cannot be effectively or safely welded.

35. Duralumin
• Duralumin is an aluminium alloy, which
contains magnesium, manganese, copper,
and silicon in small percentages.
• It is a light metal with a high tensile
strength and good resistance to corrosion,
even in seawater.

36. Duralumin
• Duralumin is used in the manufacturing of
bars, sheets, and rivets
• automobile and aircraft parts.
• Portable ladders
• Door and window frames

37. Advantages and Disadvantages
of ferrous and non ferrous metals

38. Advantages and disadvantages of
ferrous metals
• Ferrous metals usually contain iron.
• There are many aFerrous metals have a high strength to weight
ratio, meaning that they are perfect for usage in a product that
needs to be strong but lightweight.
• Materials used in ferrous pressing are of a high quality and durable,
and also recyclable and environmentally friendly.
• There are also disadvantages to using ferrous metals; they are
prone to corrosion through rusting (with the exception of stainless
steel), when being used in machinery, the ability of ferrous metals
can be affected by magnetic fields.
• Due to the high strength factor of ferrous metals, they require more
energy and strength to form or to re-work into a required shape.

39. • Ferrous metals include mild steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, cast
iron, and wrought iron.
• These metals are primarily used for their tensile strength and
durability, especially mild steel which helps hold up the tallest
skyscrapers and the longest bridges in the world.
• ferrous metals also find in housing construction, industrial
containers, large-scale piping, automobiles, rails for railroad and
transportation, most of tools and hardware .
• ferrous scrap metals tend to be in good supply, so the prices tend to
be lower than most non-ferrous metals. Because steel and iron
alloys are constantly being recycled in high volume all over the
globe, the prices for these materials stay fairly constant on a month-
to-month basis, dropping or raising only slightly

40. Advantages and disadvantages of non-
ferrous metals
• Unlike ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals do not contain iron
and non-ferrous metals are not affected by magnetism, meaning
that they can be used in areas that produce magnetic fields.
• Non- ferrous metals are also resistant for corrosion, therefore useful
in products that are exposed to weather conditions and moisture, for
example structures and vehicles.
• Non-ferrous metals are also much lighter, making them well-suited
for use where strength is needed, but weight is a factor, such as in
the aircraft or canning industries. Because they contain no iron, non-
ferrous metals have a higher resistance to rust and corrosion, which
is why you’ll find these materials in use for gutters, water pipes,
roofing, and road signs.
• Finally, they are also non-magnetic, which makes them perfect for
use in small electronics and as electrical wiring.

41. • Non-ferrous scrap, as we mentioned before, are
somewhat harder to come by and more difficult to create.
This makes the demand higher, which drives up the
price per pound higher than ferrous metals.
• While aluminum prices don’t fluctuate often due to
recycling efforts, others like copper and brass can
change drastically in just a month’s time depending on
the needs of the market.