The document discusses work study and method study techniques. It provides: - An overview of work study, which aims to improve productivity, efficiency and safety through work simplification. - A definition of method study as systematically examining work methods to develop more effective approaches and reduce costs. - An explanation of the method study process, which involves selecting jobs for study, observing current performance, developing alternative methods, and implementing improvements. - Details on work measurement techniques like time study, which involve observing tasks, recording element times, and setting performance standards to eliminate unnecessary time from processes.

1. WORK STUDY-WORK STUDY-
METHOD,TIME STUDYMETHOD,TIME STUDY
Hareesh.MHareesh.M
I.D.NO:2014600120I.D.NO:2014600120

2. Work Study
 Work study is an area of knowledge that addresses the problem of
work simplification with the basic objectives of PRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY
ENHANCEMENT, HUMAN COMFORT & SAFETYENHANCEMENT, HUMAN COMFORT & SAFETY

3. Method Study
Systematic recording and critical examination of
existing and proposed ways of doing work, as a
means of developing and applying easier and more
effective methods and reducing cost
The main purpose of method study is to
eliminate the unnecessary operations and to
achieve the best method of performing the
operation

5. Method Study ( Steps)
 Select job/process to be examined & observe current
performance
• high process cost, bottlenecks, tortuous route, low
productivity, erratic quality
 Record & document facts
• activities performed
• operators involved - how etc
• equipment and tools used
• materials processed or moved
 Apply critical examination - challenge job components &
necessity (purpose, place, sequence, method).
 Develop alternative methods & present proposals
 Document as base for new work system
 Install, monitor (slippage) & maintain

6. Method Study (Objectives)
Improvement in use of all inputs
Economy in human effort
Layout improvement
Improvement in design of plant and
machinery
Improvement in safety standards and
procedures

7. Work measurement- Introduction
Work measurement (WM) is concerned with
investigating, reducing and eliminating ineffective
time, whatever may be the cause.
WM is the means of measuring the time taken in
the performance of an operation or series of
operations in such a way that the ineffective time is
shown up and can be separated out.

8. Purpose of WM
To reveal the nature and extent of ineffective time,
from whatever cause,
So that action can be taken to eliminate it; and
then,
To set standards of performance that are attainable
only if all avoidable ineffective time is eliminated
and work is performed by the best method
available.

9. Uses of WM
To compare the efficiency of alternative methods.
Other conditions being equal, the method which
takes the least time will be the best method.
To balance the work of members of teams, in
association with the multiple activity charts, so
that, as far as possible, each member has tasks
taking an equal time.
To determine, in association with man and
machine multiple activity charts, the number of
machines an worker can run.

10. Work Study (Benefits)
Increased productivity and increased efficiency
Reduced manufacturing costs
Improved work place layout
Better manpower planning and capacity planning
Improved work flow Provides better job satisfaction to
employees

11. Work Measurement (Techniques)
Stop – watch time study
Work sampling
Predetermined times standards
Standard data

12. Time Study
One of the most common types of work
measurement is time study
For example - Purpose
An international coffee shop chain may want to
find out how long a barista should take to make a
specific coffee drink. Some of the stated
condition may include using cold milk that needs
to be steamed, rather than already steamed milk.

13. Time Study
Observations
A qualified practitioner should observe the
employee using a time measurement device. The
observer should also assess the quality of work
Observed Person
The observed person in the time study must be
fully trained in the measured task

14. Time StudiesTime Studies
1.1. Define the task to be studiedDefine the task to be studied
2.2. Divide the task into precise elementsDivide the task into precise elements
3.3. Decide how many times to measure the taskDecide how many times to measure the task
4.4. Time and record element times and rating ofTime and record element times and rating of
performanceperformance

15. Time StudiesTime Studies
5.5. Compute average observed timeCompute average observed time
AverageAverage
observed timeobserved time
Sum of the times recorded to performSum of the times recorded to perform
each elementeach element
Number of observationsNumber of observations==
6.6. Determine performance rating andDetermine performance rating and
normal timenormal time
Normal time =Normal time =
Average observedAverage observed
time Xtime X Performance ratingPerformance rating
factorfactor

16. 7.7. Add the normal times for each element to develop theAdd the normal times for each element to develop the
total normal time for the tasktotal normal time for the task
8.8. Compute the standard timeCompute the standard time
 Standard time= total normal time/1-allowance factor

17. Time Study ExampleTime Study Example
Average observed time = 4.0 minutesAverage observed time = 4.0 minutes
Worker rating = 85%Worker rating = 85%
Allowance factor = 13%Allowance factor = 13%
Normal time = (Average observed time) x (Rating factor)Normal time = (Average observed time) x (Rating factor)
= (4.0)(.85)= (4.0)(.85)
= 3.4 minutes= 3.4 minutes
Standard time = = =Standard time = = =
Normal timeNormal time
1 - Allowance factor1 - Allowance factor
3.43.4
1 - .131 - .13
3.43.4
.87.87
= 3.9 minutes= 3.9 minutes

18. Time Study Example -1Time Study Example -1
Allowance factor = 15%Allowance factor = 15%
PerformancePerformance
Job ElementJob Element 11 22 33 44 55 RatingRating
(A)(A) Compose and type letterCompose and type letter 88 1010 99 21*21* 1111 120%120%
(B)(B) Type envelope addressType envelope address 22 33 22 11 33 105%105%
(C)(C) Stuff, stamp, seal, andStuff, stamp, seal, and 22 11 5*5* 22 11 110%110%
sort envelopessort envelopes
Cycle Observed (in minutes)Cycle Observed (in minutes)
1.1. Delete unusual or nonrecurring observations (marked with *)Delete unusual or nonrecurring observations (marked with *)
2.2. Compute average times for each elementCompute average times for each element
Average time for A = (8 + 10 + 9 + 11)/4 = 9.5 minutesAverage time for A = (8 + 10 + 9 + 11)/4 = 9.5 minutes
Average time for B = (2 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 3)/5 = 2.2 minutesAverage time for B = (2 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 3)/5 = 2.2 minutes
Average time for C = (2 + 1 + 2 + 1)/4 = 1.5 minutesAverage time for C = (2 + 1 + 2 + 1)/4 = 1.5 minutes

19. Time Study Example -2Time Study Example -2
3.3. Compute the normal time for each elementCompute the normal time for each element
Normal time for A = (9.5)(1.2) = 11.4 minutesNormal time for A = (9.5)(1.2) = 11.4 minutes
Normal time for B = (2.2)(1.05) = 2.31 minutesNormal time for B = (2.2)(1.05) = 2.31 minutes
Normal time for C = (1.5)(1.10) = 1.65 minutesNormal time for C = (1.5)(1.10) = 1.65 minutes
Normal time = (Average observed time) x (Rating)Normal time = (Average observed time) x (Rating)
4.4. Add the normal times to find the total normal timeAdd the normal times to find the total normal time
Total normal time = 11.40 + 2.31 + 1.65 = 15.36 minutesTotal normal time = 11.40 + 2.31 + 1.65 = 15.36 minutes

20. Time Study Example S2Time Study Example S2
5.5. Compute the standard time for the jobCompute the standard time for the job
Standard time =Standard time =
Total normal timeTotal normal time
1 - Allowance factor1 - Allowance factor
= = 18.07 minutes= = 18.07 minutes
15.3615.36
1 - .151 - .15

21. Thank youThank you