work measurement, the uses of work measurement, the techniques of work measurement, time study, time study form, methods of timing, work sampling, allowances, predetermined motion time and systems (P.M.T.S.),

1. Work Measurement
BY: - RATNADEEPSINH JADEJA

2. Work
Measurement
Work measurement is the
application of technique designed
to establish the time for a qualified
worker to carry out a specified job
at a defined level of performance.

3. The uses of work measurement
1. To reveal the existence of ineffective time.
2. To compare the efficiency of alternative methods.
3. To balance the work of members of team in association with multiple activity.
4. To determine the number of machines an operator can run.
5. To set the time standards for carrying out the work.
6. To provide information on which estimates of tenders, selling prices and delivery promises
can be based.
7. To provide information on which the planning and scheduling of production.
8. As a basis for realistic and fair incentive scheme.
9. To assist in the organization of labour by enabling a daily comparison to be made between
actual times and target times.
10. To provide information for labour cost control and to enable standard costs to be fixed and
maintained.
11. As a basis for labour budgeting and budgetary control systems.

4. WORK MEASUREMENT
Select, record, examine and measure
quantity of work performed using
Direct Indirect
Time study Work
sampling
Synthetic
time
P.M.T.S. Analytical
estimating
Compile
With allowances
to get standard
Time of operation Compile
To get standard time of operations and
establish standard data bank

5. The techniques of work measurement
The following are the principle techniques by which work measurement is carried out:
1. Stop watch time study.
2. Predetermined motion time systems (P.M.T.S).
3. Activity sampling or work sampling.
4. Analytical estimating.
5. Synthesis from standard data.
Basic procedure for work measurement:
1. Select
2. Record.
3. Examine.
4. Measure.
5. Compile.
6. Define.

6. TIME STUDY
 Time study is a work measurement technique for recording the times and rates of working
for the elements of a specified job carried out under specific conditions, and analyzing the
data so as to obtain the time necessary for carrying out the job at a defined level of
performance.
 Time study equipment:
1. Stop watch
2. Time study board
3. Time study form
4. Calculator
5. Measuring instruments such as tape measure, steel rule, micrometer, Vernier, spring
balance, etc…

7. Time Study Form

8. METHODS OF TIMING
 The society of advancement of management national committee defined rating is that
process during which the time study engineer compares the performance of the operator
under observation with the observer’s concept of proper or standard performance.
 Rating can also defined as “The assessment of the worker’s rate of working to observer’s
concept of the rate corresponding to standard rating”.
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
𝑂𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
× 100
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 =
𝑂𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 × 𝑂𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔

9. WORK SAMPLING
 Work sampling is also called as activity sampling or ratio delay study. It is a work
measurement technique in which a large number of instantaneous observations are made at
random intervals over a specified period of time of a group of workers, machines and
processes.
 Principle of work sampling: Work sampling relies upon statistical theory of sampling and
probability theory. Normal frequency distribution and confidence level are associated very
much with work sampling.

10. WORK SAMPLING
Date Observer: Study No.
Number of Observations : Total %
Machine running
Machine Idle Repairs
Supplies
Personal
Idle

11. ALLOWANCES
 It is obvious that any worker will not be able to carry out work throughout the day without
interruptions. The worker also needs some time to attend to his personal needs, and hence
allowances must be added to the basic time in order to give the work content.
 Work content = basic time + relaxation allowance + any allowance for additional work.
 The allowances depend upon:
1. Factors related to individual worker.
2. Factors related to nature of the work itself.
3. Factors related to environment.

12. ALLOWANCES
 The allowances may be classified as:
1. Relaxation allowances:
a) Personal need allowances.
b) Fatigue allowances.
c) Basic fatigue allowances.
d) Variable fatigue allowances.
2. Contingency allowances
3. Special Allowances
4. Interference allowances
5. Process allowances.

13. PREDETERMINED MOTION TIME AND SYSTEMS
(P.M.T.S.)
 This is defined as “A work measurement technique whereby times established for basic
human motions are used to build up the time for a job at a defined level of performance.
 P.M.T.S. in other words are techniques for synthesizing operation times from the standard
time data for basic elementary motion comprising the operation.
 Some of the commercial P.M.T.S. which give time values for fundamental motions and are
now used in industry are:
1. Method Time Measurement (M.T.M.)
2. Work Factor (W.F.)
3. Dimensional Motion Times (D.M.T.)
4. Basic Motion Time (B.M.T.)
5. Motion Time Analysis (M.T.A.)