This document discusses work study and related techniques such as method study and work measurement. It defines work study as the systematic analysis of work processes and factors that affect efficiency. The goal is to improve efficiency through optimizing utilization of resources. Key aspects covered include: - Method study examines existing work methods and proposes improvements by accurately recording facts about operations, developing and selecting new plans, installing and maintaining changes. - Work measurement techniques like time study and work sampling are used to set performance standards and determine time required for tasks. - Predetermined motion time studies and standard data help estimate times for new jobs based on previously studied similar operations.

1. Sudharman Raman
Assistant Professor
CBS - Kanjikode

2.  Work Study
 Method Study
 Work measurement

3.  Work Study = study of human work
Definition,
British Standard 3138 :1969
“ A management service based on those
techniques, particularly method study and work
measurement, which are used in the examination
of human work in all its contexts and which lead
to the systematic investigation of all the resources
and factors that affect the efficiency and economy
of the situation being viewed, in order to bring
improvement”

4. In simple, it is a procedure to understand and
determine the activities of people, plant and
machineries, identifying the factors that affect their
efficiency and achieving economy through their
optimum utilization.
Follow…
Choose the process or job
Record all relevant facts
Analyze critically
Develop the new plan
Measure the work content
Define the new method
Install the new method
Maintain the new method

5.  Method study is a method for examining ,
recording, and analyzing the existing way of
doing work and proposing a method for
improving the efficiency of a system.

6. Selection of Job
Recording of Facts
Critical Examination
Development and
selection
Installation
Maintenance

7. 1) Economic Considerations
2) Technical Considerations
3) Human Considerations

8. Accurate and precise recording of facts
related to a method determines the success
of the method study
 Operations : An activity is done.
 Transportation :Product or service or
worker is moving one to other location
 Inspection : Checking/observing for
quality or specifications
 Delay : Product, service or work is
waiting before starting next process3
 Storage : T or P written inside to
indicate temporary or permanent storage

9.  Purpose
 Place
 Sequence
 Person
 Means

10.  Analysis of all the ideas generated
during critical examination and
implementing these ideas.
 Evaluation Phase
 Investigation Phase
 Selection

11.  Implementation of the proposed
method.
 A demonstration of the proposed
method can be held to clear
misconceptions and
apprehensions.
 Training for employees

12.  A feedback mechanism is needed to
inform the concerned authorities about
the results of the monitoring process.
 Review the results
 Performance appraisal

13.  A technique to find out the time required to
do any activity, at a predetermined level of
performance by a qualified worker.
 Objectives
1. To establish the standard time
2. To fix salary and incentives
3. To estimate labour and machine
requirements
4. To estimate the costs centers
5. To establish performance standards for
employees
6. To identify training needs

14. I. Time study
II. Work Sampling
III. Standard data
IV. Predetermined motion time
studies (PMTS)

15.  This method of work measurement is generally
used when the work is repetitive.
 Its used to determine the time required for the
performance of the worker.
 Normal Time = Observed Performance time per
unit * performance rating
(a task is completed by a worker in two minutes,
and if it is estimated that he is performing 30 per
cent faster than normal, then the performance
rating of the operation is said to be 1.3 times or
120 per cent of the normal.
Thus, the normal time for the task will be
2 minutes * 1.2=2.4 minutes.

16.  Normal Time:
When a worker is observed for a definite time
period during which he produces a number of
units, then Normal Time given as
NT=Time worked/No. of units produced*100
 Standard Time :
ST = Normal Time + Allowances * Normal Time)
or ST = NT (1+ Allowances)

17.  A portion of the given work activity or a
sample thereof is put under observation
and the inference are drown based on the
findings in this sample and this is applied for
the activity in general.

18.  Jobs with repetitive operations with similar
characteristics, companies often develop standard
data through time studies or predetermined data.
 It helps to estimate times for jobs with different
characteristics through regression type equations,
Eg: In a warehouse, the standard time required to
unload 10 kg boxes from a truck is 2 minuts per box.
Due to increasing allowence for fatigue, suppose
this goes up by 0.10 minutes for each additional
2kg. The standard time for a box of weight ‘b’ is 2 +
0.10/2 (b-10) minutes.
There fore, if 50 boxes , each weighing 18 kg are to
be unloded, the standard time required is
50(2=0.05(18-10) )=50*2.4=120 minutes or 2 hours.

19.  An alternative to time study is that
use of standard times for work
elements that have been
predetermined from long periods
of observation and analysis.
 Define various set of motions
Motion Time Systems
1. Methods Time Measurement
(MTM) system
2. Time Measurement Units (TMUs)