The document provides information on various MRI techniques used to visualize different tissues and diagnose various brain conditions. It discusses several MRI sequences including T1, T2, FLAIR, gradient echo, diffusion weighted imaging and their appearances of normal tissues and common pathologies. Advanced MRI techniques like magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion imaging and diffusion tensor imaging are also summarized. Their clinical applications in tumors, infections, epilepsy and stroke are highlighted.
Anatomy of Brain by MRI
In this presentation we will discuss the cross sectional anatomy of brain. Then we will discuss the Most common diseases to be evaluated by brain imaging.
In my opinion this presentation is a road map for beginars.
This presentation includes stroke and infarct latest defination an pathophysiology and CT MRI imaging features and management . This presntation help alot. Thanks
Anatomy of Brain by MRI
In this presentation we will discuss the cross sectional anatomy of brain. Then we will discuss the Most common diseases to be evaluated by brain imaging.
In my opinion this presentation is a road map for beginars.
This presentation includes stroke and infarct latest defination an pathophysiology and CT MRI imaging features and management . This presntation help alot. Thanks
Radiology Spotters collection by Dr Pradeep. Nice collection Radiology spotters mixed collection ppt made by or collected by Dr. Pradeep, this is a collection of confusing spotter and very important spotter commonly asked in exams, our references is radiopaedia, learning radiology and Aunt Minnie.. Thanks
Its important to recognise the myelination pattern in neonates and infants. This presentation talks about the myelination pattern and imaging of white matter diseases in children.
SWI , high susceptibility for blood products, iron depositions, and calcifications
makes susceptibility-weighted imaging an important additional sequence for the diagnostic
workup of pediatric brain pathologic abnormalities. Compared with conventional MRI
sequences, susceptibility-weighted imaging may show lesions in better detail or with higher
sensitivity
Application of Perfusion imaging in radiology is increasing with advancement in technology. This presentation briefly describes different perfusion modalities including Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Nuclear Medicine. Some of the aspects of perfusion imaging are described in this presentation. This topic was Presented in Radiology department, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj.
Brain CT Anatomy and Basic Interpretation Part IISakher Alkhaderi
Detailed anatomy of the brain ventricles , CSF production and pathway and arterial supply and venous drainage of the brain and corresponding CT cross sectional anatomy and definition of sulcus and gyrus and fissure and the names of the important gyri .
Radiology Spotters collection by Dr Pradeep. Nice collection Radiology spotters mixed collection ppt made by or collected by Dr. Pradeep, this is a collection of confusing spotter and very important spotter commonly asked in exams, our references is radiopaedia, learning radiology and Aunt Minnie.. Thanks
Its important to recognise the myelination pattern in neonates and infants. This presentation talks about the myelination pattern and imaging of white matter diseases in children.
SWI , high susceptibility for blood products, iron depositions, and calcifications
makes susceptibility-weighted imaging an important additional sequence for the diagnostic
workup of pediatric brain pathologic abnormalities. Compared with conventional MRI
sequences, susceptibility-weighted imaging may show lesions in better detail or with higher
sensitivity
Application of Perfusion imaging in radiology is increasing with advancement in technology. This presentation briefly describes different perfusion modalities including Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Nuclear Medicine. Some of the aspects of perfusion imaging are described in this presentation. This topic was Presented in Radiology department, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj.
Brain CT Anatomy and Basic Interpretation Part IISakher Alkhaderi
Detailed anatomy of the brain ventricles , CSF production and pathway and arterial supply and venous drainage of the brain and corresponding CT cross sectional anatomy and definition of sulcus and gyrus and fissure and the names of the important gyri .
Neuroimaging is the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function of the nervous system.
Neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
Main modalities of neuroimaging techniques are CT scan and MRI.
24. Low signal on T2
Contrast
(Perfusion)
Gadolinium
Hemorrhage
De-oxy
hemoglobin
Intracellular
methemoglobin
Protein
Cysts of
endodermal
origin
Minerals
Calcification
Iron
31. Cytotoxic Vasogenic Interstitial
Intra-cellular edema Extra-cellular edema Trans-ependymal CSF
permeation
Pathogenesis Na / k pump failure Disrupted BBB increased intraventricular
pressure
Causes Infarction. Infarction.
Tumor.
Infection.
PRESS.
Hydrocephalus
Location Grey and white matter White matter Periventricular white matter
T2 Loss of
cortiomedullary
differentiation
Finger like Periventricular rim.
Diffusion Restriction No restriction No restriction
46. Gradient T2* WIS
Sensitive to de-oxy hemoblobin and
hemosiderin because of their susceptibility
effects.
• Cavernous malformations.
• Amyloid angiopathy.
• Post-radiation capillary telangiectasia.
69. What is MRS?
• It is an MRI technique whereby the echo that
is obtained from the body is analyzed into its
various radio-frequency components rather
than making an image.
71. Suppression Techniques
Water
Metabolites
CHESS = Chemical Shift Suppression.
WEFT = Water Elimination Fourier Transform Tech.
I.R Pulses to null water signal prior to spectroscopy
•Water is 100,000 X than metabolites.
•Fat is 10,000 X than metabolites.
………need suppression……….
72. Requirements
• High Field.
• 1.5 T & 3T.
• High Homogeneity
• Less than 0.2 p.p.m
• Assessed by measuring the water peak width.
75. Single vs. Multi-Voxel Spectroscopy
Single Voxel Multi Voxel
•2X2X2 cm cube
•Short TE (STEAM)
•TE=30-35 msec
•All Metabolites
•Lesion = 60-80%
•2X2X2 cm cube
•2-3mm inner cubes
•Long TE (PRESS)
•TE=135-260 msec
•Major Metabolites
•Margin outline
93. MR perfusion
Value Defined as Measured in
Cerebral blood volume Volume of blood in a given region of
brain tissue
milliliters per 100 g of
brain tissue
Cerbral blood flow Volume of blood per unit time passing
through a given region of brain tissue
milliliter per minute per
100 g of brain tissue
Mean transit time Average time it takes blood to pass
through a given region of brain tissue
Seconds
99. Diffusion tensor imaging
• MRI technique that uses anisotropic
diffusion to estimate the axonal (white
matter) organization of the brain
100.
101.
102.
103.
104. Fiber tractography (FT)
• is a 3D reconstruction technique to
access neural tracts using data collected by
DTI.
Color coding of fiber tractography
Red Commisural fibers Right left hemisphere
Blue Projection fibers Cortex subcortical grey matter
Green Association fibers Cortex cortex
114. Anisotropic diffusion
directional dependence of diffusivisity
• Diffusion of water molecules within white
matter axons is more free along the axons
than across the axons.
• Because the myeline sheath act as barrier
115. Fractional anisotropy map
(combines water mollecular diffusion with direction)
White matter white free diffusion along specific direction anisotropy
Grey matter dark free diffusion along all directions isotropy
Demyelination plaque
(white matter destruction)
dark free diffusion along all direction isotropy
116. Fractional anisotropy map
(combines water mollecular diffusion with direction)
White matter white free diffusion along specific direction anisotropy
Grey matter dark free diffusion along all directions isotropy
Demyelination plaque
(white matter destruction)
dark free diffusion along all direction isotropy
117. ADC and FA values
• FAWM = far normal appearing white matter
• NAWM = near normal appearing white matter
118. Fractional anisotropy map
(combines water mollecular diffusion with direction)
• White matter white free diffusion along
specific direction (anisotropy).
• Grey matter dark free diffusion along all
directions. (isotropy).
119. Tractography
• Forceps minor
• fronto-occipital
fasciculus
• Disruption of the
white matter fibers
at the site of the
plaque.