The document summarizes the functions of an operating system. It discusses that an operating system coordinates all activities between computer hardware and software. The main functions of an operating system include starting up and shutting down a computer, managing memory, managing programs, controlling networks, providing a user interface, monitoring performance, establishing internet connections, coordinating tasks, configuring devices, providing utilities like file management, automatically updating systems, and administering security through user accounts.

1. At the end of this topic, students
should be able to:
a)
b)
Identify types of operating system
Explain the functions of operating
system
1
Chapter Two
Computer System
2.6.1.1 System Software – Operating System

2. Computer Software
• Software, also called a program, tells the
computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program
TYPE
Application Software
• Word processing
•Spreadsheet
•Presentation Application
•Database
•Web BrowserPages 15 - 16
Figures 1-10 - 1-11
2

3. System Software
• System software consists of the programs
control or maintain the operations of the
that
computer and its devices
TYPE
Operating
systems
Utility
Programs
Page 398 3
Discovering Computers : Chapter 8

4. Types of Operating Systems
•UNIX
•Solaris
Page 412
Figure 8-14
4
• Windows Server 2008
•Linux
•Netware
• Windows
•Mac OS x
•UNIX
•Linux
• Windows Embedded CE
•Windows Phone 7
•Palm OS
•iPhone OS
•BlackBerry
•Google Android
•Embedded Linux
•Symbian OS
Stand-alone Embedded / mobileServer

5. :
1. Stand-Alone Operating Systems
• A stand-alone operating system is a complete
operating system that works on a desktop
computer, notebook computer, or mobile
computing
Examples
device
•
Windows Mac OS X
UNIX Linux
Page 412 5

6. Windows
• Windows is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating
system to date.
• Windows provides programs (built-in) such as:
-
-
-
-
Windows
Windows
Windows
Firewall
DVD Maker
Media Player
Desktop Gadget Gallery
Pages 413 - 414 6
• Windows is a Proprietary OS

7. Mac OS
• The Macintosh operating system
operating system ease of use
has set the standard for
• Latest version is Mac OS X and it a Proprietary OS
Page 415
Figure 8-19
7

8. UNIX and LINUX
UNIX is a multitasking
operating system developed
in the early 1970s
Linux is an open-source,
popular, multitasking UNIX-
type operating system
Pages 416 – 417
Figures 8-20 – 8-21
8
UNIX and LINUX is Open Source OS

9. 2. Server Operating Systems
• An operating system that is designed specifically to support
a network
• Typically resides on a server
Examples :
Windows
UNIX Linux
Server 2008
Solaris NetWare
Pages 417 - 418 9

10. 3. Embedded/Mobile Operating Systems
• An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip
on a mobile
Examples :
device or consumer electronic device
•
Windows
Embedded CE
Windows
Phone 7
Palm OS iPhone OS
Google
Android
Embedded
Linux
BlackBerry Symbian OS
Pages 418 - 420 10

11. Pages 419 – 420
Figures 8-22 – 8-26
11

12. Page 412
Figure 8-14
12
Category Operating System Name
Stand-alone • DOS
• Early Windows versions
(Windows 3.x, Windows 95,
Windows NT Workstation,
Windows 98, Windows 2000
Professional, Windows Millennium
Edition, Windows XP,
Windows Vista)
• Windows 7
• Mac OS X
• UNIX
• Linux

13. Page 412
Figure 8-14
13
Category Operating System Name
Server • Early Windows Server
versions (Windows NT
Server,
Windows 2000 Server,
Windows Server 2003)
• Windows Server 2008
• UNIX
• Linux
• Solaris
• NetWare

14. Page 412
Figure 8-14
14
Category Operating System Name
Embedded • Windows Embedded CE
• Windows Phone 7
• Palm OS
• iPhone OS
• BlackBerry
• Google Android
• Embedded Linux
• Symbian OS

15. Operating Systems (OS)
• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing
instructions that work together to coordinate all the
activities among computer hardware resources
1. Start and shut
down a computer
5. Provide a user
interface
3. Manage
programs
2. Manage
memory
7. Establish an Internet
connection
6. Monitor
performance
4. Control a
network
Pages 398 - 399 15
Function of OS

16. Coordinate tasks Configure devices
Provide utilities Automatically update
Administer security
Pages 398 - 399 16
Others Functions of OS

17. Functions of Operating System
1.
•
Start and Shut Down a Computer
The process of starting or restarting a computer is
called booting
Page 400
Figure 8-2
17
Warm boot
• Using the
operating
system to
restart a
computer
Cold boot
• Turning on
a computer
that has
been
powered off
completely

18. 2. Manage Memory
•
•
Memory management optimizes the use of RAM
Operating System allocates data and instructions to
memory while they are being processed, monitors the
content of memory and release from memory when the
processor no longer requires them
Page 406
Figure 8-8
18

19. 3. Manage Programs
• How an operating system handles programs directly
affects your productivity
• An OS manages multiple programs
you use the computer
& processes while
Single
user/Single
Tasking
Single user/
multitasking
Multiuser
Preemptive
multitasking
Multiprocessing
Pages 404 - 405 19

20. 4. Control a Network
• •Some operating systems
are designed to work
with a server on a
network
A server operating
system organizes and
coordinates how
multiple users access
and share resources on
a network
A network
administrator uses the
server operating system
to:
–• Add and remove users,
computers, and other
devices
Install software and
administer network
security
–
Page 410 20

21. 5. Provide a User Interface
• A user interface controls how you enter data and
instructions and how information
the screen
2 types of user interface:
is displayed on
•


Graphical user interface
Command-line
(GUI)
Pages 402 – 403
Figure 8-4
21

22. • With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with
menus and visual images
Pages 402 – 403
Figure 8-4
22

23. • With a command-line interface, a user uses the
keyboard to enter data and instructions
Page 403
Figure 8-5
23

24. 6. Monitor Performance
• A performance
monitor is a program
that assesses and
reports information
about various
computer resources
and devices
Pages 408 – 409
Figure 8-11
24

25. 7. Establish an Internet Connection
• Operating systems typically provide a means to
establish Internet connections
This figure illustrate to connect to a network using windows
Page 408
Figure 8-10
25

26. Other Functions of Operating System
1. Coordinate Tasks
• The operating system determines the order in
which tasks are processed
This figure illustrate three document in the queue with one document printing
Page 407
Figure 8-9
26

27. 2. Configure Devices
• Short for device driver
• Most device and OS support plug and play
A driver is a small
program that tells the
operating system how
Plug and Play
automatically
configures new
as you install
devices
them
to communicate with
specific device
a
Page 408 27

28. 3. Provide File Management and Other Utilities
• Operating systems often provide users with the
capability of:
Managing
files
Searching
files
for Viewing
images
Securing a
computer
Uninstalling
programs
Cleaning
disks
up Diagnosing
problems
Defragmenting
disks
Backing up
files and
disks
Setting up
screen savers
Page 409 28

29. 4. Automatically Update
• Automatic update automatically provides updates
to the program
Page 409
Figure 8-12
29

30. 5. Administer Security
• Establish permissions to
resources
Define who & when they
can access certain
resources
By setting user account
Each user has a user
account
•
•
•
– A user name, or user ID,
identifies a specific user
A password is a private
combination of characters
associated with the user
name
–
Page 410
Figure 8-13
30