This document provides information about system software and operating systems. It defines system software as instructions that control and maintain computer programs and devices. It identifies two main types of system software as operating systems and utility programs. It then describes key functions and examples of operating systems, including stand-alone, network, and embedded operating systems. It also discusses some common standalone utility programs.

1. INFORMATION
AND
TECHNOLOGY
ASSIGNMENT
SUBMITTED
TO:
MISS SAMMAR
University of
Sargodha

2. Group members:
• Kainat Saleem (Roll no:32)
• Hajra Shehzad(Roll no :38)
• Romana Ehsan(Roll no :31)
• Afshan kosar(Roll no:29)
• Munazza Rehman (Roll no :28)
• Iqra Ehsan(Roll no:27)
BS-BOTANY SS-1 3rd Semester

4. System Software
What is system software?
• Set of instructions that control and
maintain computer programs and
devices is called system software.
What are two types of system
software?
1. Operating system
2. Utility programs

5. • Set of programs that contains instructions that coordinate all
the activities among computer hardware resources.
• Sometimes also known as platform .
Where does OS exist?
• It may be installed and resides on
Computer hard disk.
• In handled computers and mobile
• Devices, OS resides on ROM chip

6. Limitations of Operating system:
• Each computer has its own operating
system.
• Application software is specific for a specific
operating system of device /computer.
• Cross-plateform is a program which run the
same on multiple Operating systems.

8. Functions of OS:
• Starts the computer
• Provides a user interface
• Manage programs and memory
• Shedule jobs
• Configure devices
• Establish internet connection
• Monitor performance
• Provides file management utilities

9. 1. Starting a computer:
• Boosting is process of starting and restarting a
computer.
• Cold boost is process of turning on a powered
off computer.
• Warm boost is a process of restarting a
computer.
2.Managing memory:
• Operating system allocates or assigns the data and instructions to specific area of
memory while they are being processed by the processor.
• OS carefully monitor contents of memory and release them from being monitored
into memory when processor no more needs them.
• Manage virtual memory .

10. 3.Providing a user interface :
• User interface controls how data and instructions are entered in the
computer and how information is displayed on the computer.
Types of user interface:
• COMMAND –LINE-INTERFACE
In this ,user types command or press ss special keys on keyboard to
enter data and instructions.
• GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE:
In this,use with menus and visual images Such as buttons and other
graphical objects to give commands to computer.

12. 4.Manage programs:
• Some operating systems allow ning programs are called user and run
one program at a time. PDAs ,smart phones have mostly such type of
OS.
• Others allow multiple users to run multiple programms at a time on the
computer screen.Windows have mostly such types of OS.
• Runing programs one the front of all other running programs is called
foreground program.
• All others (mostly partially hiddened) ,on the back of foreground
program are called background programs.

14. 5.Managing jobs:
• Operating system shedules operations(jobs) of computer in a specific
sequence.
• Some OS shedule jobs on the basis of first come-first served.
• Others give priority to most important jobs first.
For example:
• When multiple commands are given to a printer,it keeps these instructions
in buffer(memory ) in a queue and give out prints at its own speed in a
proper sequence,process is called Spooling.

16. 6.Configuring devices:
• Driver is a program which tells operating system how to communicate
with a specific device.For using any device ,its own driver is necessary
to install on operating system.
• In modern devices,many operating systems support Plug and play,
means OS automatically configure devices.
7.Establishing internet connection:
• Operting system helps in establishing internet connection by guiding a
user through the process of making connection between computer and
internet service provider.
• Some OS also include web browser and e-mail program.

17. 8.Monitoring performance:
• Operating system monitors computer performance by using performance
monitor.
• Performance monitor is a program that assess and report information about
various computer resources and devices.
9.Controlling network:
• A network operating system is a set of programs separate from operating
system which organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share
resources on a network.
• Network administrator uses network OS to add and remove users, computers
and devices to and from the network.

18. 10.Administering security:
• Network administrator uses network
OS to establish permission to
resources.
• Network administrator establishes a
user account , usually combination of
two characters; user ID and password
which allows a user to accesss or log on
to the computer or network.

20. • A utility program also called a
utility is a type of system
software that performs
maintenance type tasks for a
computer, it’s devices and it’s
programs.

21. Utilities built in operating system performs
following functions:
1.File management:
File management utility performs functions
related to file management.
2.Search utility:
This program attempts to locate a file on our
computer based on criteria we specify.
3.Image viewer:
• It allows a user to view ,copy and print the
contents of graphics file.

22. 4.Personal Firewall:
• It detects and protects the personal
computer from unauthorized intrusions.
5.Uninstaller:
• It deletes or remove a program as well as
other associated entries in the system files.
6.Disk scanner:
• It searches for and deletes unnecessary files.
7.Disk Defragment:
• It reorganizes the files and unused
computer’s hard disk so that the OS access
data more quickly and programs run faster.

23. 8. Diagnostic utility:
• It compiles technical information about our computer’s hardware and
certain system softw external hard disk, programs and prepared a list of
identified problems.
9. Backup utility:
• It allows user to copy or backup selected files or entire hard disk to
another storage medium such as CD/DVD, external hard disk, tape or
USB flash drive.

24. 10. Screensaver utility:
• This utility program causes display device ‘s screen to show a moving
image or a blank screen if keyboard or mouse activity doesn’t occur for a
specified time.
• Screen savers are usually
developed to prevent a
Problem Known as ghosting.

26. Stand –Alone operating system:
• It is a complete operating system that can work on desktop
computer, notebook computer and mobile computing devices.
• Also known as client operating system.
Examples:
1. Windows XP
2. Windows Vista
3. Mac OS X
4. UNIX
5. Linux

27. 1. Windows XP:
Developed in: 1980s
Charcteristics:
• Provides Graphical user interface
(GUI)
2.Windows Vista:
• Successor to windows XP, most
reliable, effective and efficient OS

28. Mac OS X:
• Muti-tasking operating system
• Released with Macintosh computers in
1984
• Available only for computers
manufatured by the Apple
UNIX:
• Multi-tasking operating system
• Some versions have command-line user
interface
• Mostly offers GUI
• Most powerful and flexible OS

29. 5. Linux:
• Linux includes many free
programming languages and
utility programmes
• It is open source software
• Some versions are command –
line-interface,others are GUI.
• Some users download it free from
web
• Others Purchase it from vendors

30. Network operating system:
• This operating system is specifically designed to support a network.
• It typically resides on server.
• Support all sizes of network
Examples:
1. Windows server 2003
2. UNIX
3. Linux
4. Solaris
5. Nerware

31. Embedded operating system:
• It is an operating system designed to perform a dedicated function Or for
use with the specific embedded application software.
• Resides on ROM chip
Examples:
1. Windows CE
2. Windows mobile
3. BlackBerry
4. Palm Linux
5. Symbian OS

32. Stand-Alone utility programmes:
These are utility programmes which are not built in
the operating system and exist separately.

33. Anti-virus program:
• An anti-virus program protects a computer from viruses by identifying
and removing any computer viruses (computer demanding programs).
• Most famous anti-virus programs:

34. Spyware removers:
It is a program that detects and deletes spayware, adware and similar
programs.

35. File Compression:
• A file Compression utility shrinks the size of files.
• Compressed files are sometimes called zipped .

36. File Conversion:
File Conversion utility program converts contents and data of a file from
one format to other.

37. Media Player:
It is a program that allows you to view images nd animation listen to
audio and watch video files from the computer.

38. CD/DVD Burning:
CD/DVD burning software that writes text, graphics, audio and video
files on a recordable and rewriteable CD or DVD including Blu-ray and
HD DVD.