This document discusses different types of software, including system software and application software. It focuses on system software, describing the main types as operating systems and utility programs. It provides details on the functions of operating systems, examples of different operating systems, and types of utility programs. The key points covered are: - Software is divided into system software (which includes operating systems and utilities) and application software. - Operating systems manage and coordinate computer hardware, run programs, provide file management and security, and perform other important functions. - Utility programs help maintain the computer system with tasks like file compression, disk maintenance, and security programs.

1. 2.6
SOFTWARE

2. 2.6 SOFTWARE
2.6.1 System Software
2.6.1.1 Operating System
2.6.1.2 Utility
2.6.2 Application Software

3. 2.6.1 System Software
2.6.1.1 Operating System
At the end of this lesson, student should be able :-
• Explain the functions of Operating System
• Identify types of Operating System

4. 2.6 Software
Series of instructions that tells a computers what
tasks to perform and how to perform them.
Two types:
 System Software
 Application Software

5. 2.6.1 System Software
Program that control or maintain the operations of
the computer and its devices.
Two types:
 Operating System
 Utility Program

6. 2.6.1.1 Operating System
A set of programs containing
instructions that coordinate all the
activities among computer hardware
devices.

7. FUNCTIONS FUNCTION
OF S OF
OPERATING
OPERATIN
SYSTEM
G SYSTEM

8. THE FUNCTIONS OF AN
OPERATING SYSTEM
start the computer provide a user interface manage programs
administer
security
manage
memory
control a
network
provide file monitor establish an schedule jobs
management performance Internet and configure
and other connection devices
utilities

9. THE FUNCTIONS OF
OPERATING SYSTEM
1. Starting the computer
2. Provide a user interface
3. Manage programs
4. Manage memory
5. Schedule jobs and configure devices
6. Establish an Internet connection
7. Monitor performance
8. Provide file management and other utilities
9. Control a network
10. Administer security

10. THE FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
1.Starting the computer
The process of starting or restarting a computer is
called booting.
 Cold boot
Turning on
computer that
has been
powered off
 Warm boot
Warm boot from Windows Warm boot from system unit
Restarting desktop
computer that
is powered on

11. THE FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
2. Provide a user interface
 A user interface controls how users enter
data and instructions and how information
is displayed on the screen.
 2 types of user interface:
 Command-line
 Graphical user interface (GUI)

12. THE FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
3. Manage programs
An OS manages multiple programs and
processes while you use the computer.

13. THE FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
4. Manage memory
 Purpose - to optimize the use of RAM
 OS allocates data & instructions to
memory while being processed, monitors
the contents of memory, and release from
memory when the processor no longer
requires them.

14. THE FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
5. Schedule jobs and configure devices
 OS determines the order in which jobs are
processed.
 A job is an operation the processor manages.
 Jobs include receiving data from input device,
processing instructions, sending information to
output device and transferring items between
storage and memory

15. THE FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
5. Schedule jobs and configure devices (cont.)
 OS will configure any new device added to the
computer so that it can work with the computer.
 Program that tells operating system how to
communicate with a specific device is called a
device driver.
 With Plug and Play, operating system
automatically configures new devices as you
connect them.

16. THE FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
6. Establish an Internet connection
 OS provides a means to establish Internet
connection.
 New Connection Wizard
 Web browser
 E-mail program
 Built-in firewall

17. THE FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
7. Monitor performance
 OS typically contains a performance
monitor.
 A program that assesses and provides
information about various computer
resources and devices such as processor,
disk, memory and network usage.

18. THE FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
8. Provide file management and other utilities
Utility programs which included in most OS provide the
following functions :
 managing files
 viewing images
 securing a computer from unauthorized access
 Uninstalling programs
 Scanning disks
 Defragmenting disks
 Diagnosing problems
 Backing up files and disks
 Setting up screen savers

19. THE FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
9. Control a network
 Organizes and coordinates how multiple
users access and share resources on a
network
 Resources – hardware, software, data, and
information
 Example : printer, Internet access, files and
programs.

20. THE FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
10. Administer security
 Establish permissions to resources
 Define who can access certain resources
and when they can access those resources
 By setting user account

21. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
Three categories:
 Stand-alone
 Server
 Embedded

22. STAND-ALONE OPERATING SYSTEM
A complete operating system that works on a
desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile
computing device.
Example:
 Windows 7
 Mac OS X
 UNIX
 Linux

23. Windows 7
Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system
to date.
Features :
 Quicker programs start up
 Built – in diagnostics
 Automatic recovery
 Improved security
 Enhanced searching and organizing capabilities
 Easy-to-use interface

24. Mac OS X
Multitasking operating system available only for
computers manufactured by Apple.
Features:-
 Large photo-quality icons
 Built-in networking support
 Enhanced speech recognition
 Optical disk burning
 Enhanced multimedia capabilities

25. UNIX
Multitasking operating System developed in the
early 1970s at Bell Laboratories.
Unix was implemented on many different types of
computers.
A version of UNIX is available for most categories of
computers.
Most version offer a graphical user interface.
Both a stand-alone and server operating system.

26. Linux
Popular, multitasking UNIX-type operating system.
Open-source software – source code is provided for
use, modification, and redistribution
Both a stand-alone and a server operating system.
Some versions are command-line, others are GUI

27. SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM
Designed specifically to support a network.
Resides on a server.
Example:
 Windows Server 2008
 UNIX
 Linux
 Solaris
 NetWare

28. Windows Server 2008
An upgrade to windows Server 2003.
Features:-
 Improved Web server management
 Enhanced server security
 Protection against malicious software attaches
 Share many technologies with windows.

29. Solaris
Version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems.
Designed specifically for e-commerce applications.
Manages high-traffic accounts and incorporates
security necessary for Web transactions.

30. NetWare
Developed by Novell, Inc.
Designed for client/server networks.
A server portion resides on the network server, client
portion resides on client computer.
Supports open source software and runs on all types
of computers from mainframes to personal
computers.

31. EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEM
Operating system on mobile devices and many
consumer electronics.
Resides on a ROM chip.
Examples:
 Windows embedded CE
 Windows Mobile
 Palm OS
 BlackBerry
 Symbian OS

32. Windows Embedded CE
A scaled-down Windows operating system designed
for use on communications, entertainment, and
computing devices with limited functionality.
GUI that supports colors, sound, multitasking,
multimedia, e-mail, Internet access, and Web
browsing.
Used in devices such as digital cameras, point-of,
sale terminals and automated teller machine.

33. Windows Mobile
Based on Windows Embedded CE
Designed for specific types of smart phones and
PDAs.
Allows user to have access to personal information
manager such as contact lists, schedules, tasks,
calenders and notes.

34. Palm OS
A competing operating system to Windows Mobile.
Designed for smart phones and PDAs.
Users manage schedules and contacts, telephone
message, project notes, reminders, task and address
lists, and important dates and appointments.
Latest version allows biometric identification and
use of smartcards.

35. BlackBerry
Runs handheld devices supplied by RIM (Research
in motion).
Provides personal information manages such as
managing schedules, contacts and appointments,
and phone capabilities.
Allows wireless functionality

36. Symbian OS
Open source multitasking OS designed for smart
phones.
Allows users to maintain contact list, save
appointments browser the web, send/receive text
and picture message, email message and faxes.

37. 2.6.1.2 Utility Program
At the end of this lesson, student should be able :-
• Identify types of Utility programs.
• Explain the functions of Utility programs.

38. 2.6.1.2 Utility Program
Software that allows user to perform maintenance-
type tasks, related to managing a computer, its
devices or its programs.
Most OS include several utility programs for
managing disk drives, printers and other devices.

39. Five Types of Utility Program
 FileCompression Tools
 Antivirus Program
 Spyware Remover
 Disk Defragmenter
 Backup and Restore

40. File Compression Tools
Function :-
 Reduce the size of a file.
Examples :-
 WinZip
 PKZIP

41. Antivirus Programs
Function :-
 Protects a computer against viruses.
Example :
 Avira Antivirus
 Kaspersky Antivirus
 BitDefender

42. Spyware Remover
Function :-
 Detects and deletes spyware, adware and other similar
programs.
Example :
 Ad-Aware
 Spyware Doctor

43. Disk Defragmenter
Function :-
 Reorganizes files and unused space on a hard disk so that
Operating system access data menu quickly and program run
faster.
Examples:-
 Contig
 Defraggler
 MyDefrag

44. Backup and Restore
Function :-
 Backup – allows users to copy selected files or an entire hard
disk to another storage medium.
 Restore – reverses the backup process and returns backed up
files to their original form.
Examples:-
 AMANDA
 BackupPC
 Bacula

45. 2.6.2 Application Software
At the end of this lesson, student should be able to :-
• Identify the usage of application software.

46. 2.6.2 Application Software
Is software designed to help the user to perform
related specific tasks such as :-
 To create brochures
 To create personal profile
 To create a presentation
 To create a student database

47. Types of application software
Five types:
 Word Processing
 Spreadsheet Software
 Presentation Software
 Database Software

48. Word Processing
A software that allows user to create and manipulate
documents containing mostly text and sometimes
graphics.
Usage to create brochures, report, newletter, journal,
letter.
Examples:-
 Microsoft Word
 Writer

49. Spreadsheet Software
A software that allows user to organize data in rows
and columns and to perform calculations on the
data.
Usage to create personal profiles, budget summaries,
income statements or calculate students marks.
Examples :-
 Microsoft Excel
 Calc

50. Presentation Software
A software that allows user to create visual aids for
presentations to communicate ideas, massages, and
other information to a group.
Usage to create a presentation for teaching,
marketing or tourist information.
Examples :-
 Microsoft Power Point
 Impress

51. Database Software
A software that allows user to create access and
manage a database.
Database – Collection of data organized in a manner
that allows access, retrieval and use of that data.
Usage to create student database, employees
database or book database.
Examples :
 Microsoft Access
 Base

52. Summary of Software
System Software Application Software
 Operating System  Word Processing
 Stand Alone Operating System  Spreadsheet Software
 Network Operating System  Presentation Software
 Embedded Operating System  Database Software
 Utility Programs
 Compression Tools
 Antivirus Program
 Spyware Remover
 Disk Defragmenter
 Backup and Restore