This document discusses weather and climate. It defines weather as the short-term atmospheric conditions including temperature, precipitation, wind, and cloud cover. Meteorology is the study of these conditions. A variety of instruments are used to measure and forecast weather, including thermometers, rain gauges, wind vanes, and cloud classification scales. Microclimates within small areas can differ due to physical features, shelter, surface types, and aspect. The water cycle and different types of rainfall like frontal, relief, and convectional rainfall are also explained. High and low pressure systems like anticyclones and depressions impact weather patterns.
The climate of a region is ultimately determined by the radiation energy of the sun, and its distribution and temporal fluctuations. The long-term state of the atmosphere is a function of a variety of interacting elements. They are: Solar radiation, Air masses, Pressure systems (and cyclone belts),Ocean Currents, and topography.
The climate of a region is ultimately determined by the radiation energy of the sun, and its distribution and temporal fluctuations. The long-term state of the atmosphere is a function of a variety of interacting elements. They are: Solar radiation, Air masses, Pressure systems (and cyclone belts),Ocean Currents, and topography.
A typical AWS RTU is capable of reading signals from appropriate sensors for different weather parameters including : Temperature, Relative Humidity, Solar Radiation, Evaporation, Wind Speed, Rainfall, Nitrogen dioxide and Carbon dioxide Levels.
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The new Indian state of Telangana which was formed on June 2 2014 with Hyderabad as its capital is now ready for Business. Telangana has a fast growing economy (10%+ in 2013) with strengths in Information Technology, Life sciences, Defense manufacturing and Agriculture. Hyderabad is home to India's premier Universities and National Research Laboratories. Telangana (and India) now have a decisive Governments with a decisive mandate that is eager to attract new investments from overseas and within India. A number of measures have already been announced to make life easy for investors and businesses.
Disclosures: This presentation is primarily for educational purposes and has no relationship to any private or government entity.
here's a possible outline for a PowerPoint presentation about weather and climate:
Introduction
Definition of weather and climate
Factors that influence weather
Types of weather
Instruments used to measure weather
Climate
Definition of climate
Factors that influence climate
Differences between Weather and Climate
Examples of how weather and climate can impact human activities and ecosystems
Climate Change
Definition of climate change
Causes of climate change (e.g., greenhouse gases, human activities)
Effects of climate change
Recap of key points
Importance of being informed about weather and climate
Call to action for taking steps to address climate change
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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2. Observing & Recording the Weather
• Weather is the condition of the air around us
over a short period of time ex. Rainy or cloudy.
• Meteorology is the study of the atmospheric
conditions & air circulation.
A meteorologist is a person who studies the weather
& works at the meteorological (met) office.
The met station is the place where they forecast the
weather.
There are a number of instruments which help in the
forecast of the weather.
3. Weather & Measurements
Description of weather Measurements used
1. Temperature - how hot or 1. Thermometer (⁰C)
cold it is.
2. Precipitation - how water 2. Rain Gauge (mm)
from the air falls to the
ground.
3. Beaufort Scale (force)
3. Wind Speed – How strong
the wind is blowing.
4. Wind Direction – From 4. Wind Vane
where the wind is blowing
4. Weather & Measurements(cont)
5. Cloud Cover - The 5. Octa (Factors of eight)
amount of sky covered
by clouds.
6. Cloud type - this is 6. Cumulonimbus,
based on the shape, cumulus, stratus &
size & height of the cirrus
cloud.
7. Meters
7. Visibility - the distance
that can be seen.
8. General weather – 8.Sunny, rainy, cloudy, etc.
Description in words of
the weather.
7. Features affecting
Temperature & Wind
• Microclimate is the climate conditions of a
small area which is different from the general
surrounding.
• What causes Microclimate?
Physical features - Forest, Hills, Lakes & Seas
Shelter - Walls, Trees, Hedges, Buildings
Surfaces - The color of the ground surface
Buildings - Provide shade from sun & shelter from wind
Aspect – The direction in which a place is facing
8. Places facing the sun will be warmer
than those in the shadow
Hilltops are usually cool
and windy
Water areas such as lakes have
a cooling effect and my also
produce light winds
9. How does it rain?
The water cycle (hydrological cycle) begins by
Evaporation & Evapotranspiration (water
changes from liquid to gas). As the moist air rises
it cools & water droplets form. Then
condensation occurs & cloud forms. As the water
droplets grow larger they become too heavy &
fall to the ground - precipitation which usually
happens in the form of rain. Then the surface
runoff goes back to sea.
10.
11. Types of rainfall
• Frontal rainfall happens when a mass of warm
air meets a mass of cooler air.
• Warm air is lighter then cooler air & is forced
to rise.
12. Types of rainfall(cont)
• In Relief rainfall the warm moist air is forced
to rise over mountains.
• When the air rises, it cools, condensate & rain
falls.
13. Types of rainfall(cont)
• In Convectional rainfall the sun warms up the
ground, which warms up the air above it.
• The warm air rises, it cools, condensates &
rain falls.
14. Anticyclones
• Anticyclones are high pressure weather
system, which usually gives good weather.
• The air sinks, clouds do not form and
therefore no rain occurs.
• In summer, anticyclones bring hot and sunny
weather, whilst in winter they bring clear
skies, low temperatures with a risk of fog or
frost.
15.
16. Depressions
• Depressions are low pressure weather systems
that produce cloudy and rainy weather.
• Depressions develop when warm air meets
cold air and bring a sequence of weather
changes as they pass overhead.
• Due to the rising of air caused by the
movement of the fronts and interaction
between the warm and cold air there are lots
of clouds and precipitation.
