1. The document discusses weather elements such as temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and cloud cover. It also describes how these elements are measured using instruments like a thermometer, rain gauge, and anemometer. 2. Common types of clouds are described as cirrus, cumulonimbus, cumulus, and stratus. The Stevenson screen, used to shelter instruments, is also characterized. 3. The difference between weather and climate is explained as weather referring to short term atmospheric conditions while climate describes average conditions over a long period.

1. Weather and Climate A Course for S1

2. Weather Elements 1. Temperature 2. Precipitation 3. Wind Speed 4. Wind Direction 5. Cloud Cover 6. Cloud Type 7. Visibility 8. Air Pressure

3. How do we measure the weather ? Temperature Precipitation Air Pressure Wind Speed Wind Direction Cloud Type Cloud Cover Visibility Max & Min. Thermometer Rain Gauge Barometer Anemometer Wind Vane Observation Observation Observation

4. The Stevenson Screen Characteristics It is white It has slatted sides It has a double roof It is on stilts Its door opens northwards

5. Name all of the following instruments

6. What type of cloud is this ? Found at high altitudes - CIRRUS

7. What type of cloud is this ? They rise to very great heights and are associated with thunderstorms - CUMULONIMBUS

8. What type of cloud is this ? Often known as fair-weather clouds - CUMULUS

9. What type of cloud is this ? Fog-like cloud near the ground - STRATUS.

10. An interesting website http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/gcsebitesize/geography/weather_and_climate/elements_of_weather_rev.shtml#cloud

11. What is the difference between weather and climate ? WEATHER is about day to day changes in the atmosphere. It includes changes in temperature, rainfall, sunshine & wind) CLIMATE is the average or typical weather of a place worked out over a long period of time. We know that in Britain it gets cold in the winter and warm in the summer. This is climate. But we don't know if it is going to be warm tomorrow or not. This is the weather.

12. Microclimate Differences in TEMPERATURE are due to : Hills - make the climate cooler Trees - also make the climate cooler Water - also cools down the surrounding area Type of Surface - a dark surface is warmer than a light surface Buildings - may give off heat Aspect - south-facing slopes are warmer - WHY ?

13. Microclimate (continued) Differences in wind speed are affected by : Hills - hilltops are windier Water areas - produce more wind Buildings - generally reduce wind speed but can channel winds and increase their speed Trees, hedges and walls - reduce wind speed over a short distance

14. United Kingdom – Rainfall Figures Look at the map of rainfall figures for the United Kingdom Which area is the wettest ? Which area is the driest ?

15. United Kingdom – January Temperatures Where are the temperatures warmest ? Where are the temperatures coldest ?

16. United Kingdom – July Temperatures Where are the temperatures warmest ? Where are the temperatures coldest ? How does the pattern differ from January ?

17. Relief Rainfall Stage 1. Warm wet air is forced to rise over high land. Stage 2. As the air rises it cools and condenses. Clouds form and precipitation occurs. Stage 3. The drier air descends and warms. Stage 4. Any moisture in the air (e.g. cloud) evaporates.