1. The document discusses weather elements such as temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and cloud cover. It also describes how these elements are measured using instruments like a thermometer, rain gauge, and anemometer. 2. Common types of clouds are described as cirrus, cumulonimbus, cumulus, and stratus. The Stevenson screen, used to shelter instruments, is also characterized. 3. The difference between weather and climate is explained as weather referring to short term atmospheric conditions while climate describes average conditions over a long period.