Weather refers to atmospheric conditions over a short period of time, while climate describes average weather patterns over many years. In the Philippines, PAG-ASA monitors and forecasts weather by observing elements like temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds. Latitude, altitude, topography, and proximity to bodies of water all impact climate by influencing how much solar radiation and moisture an area receives. Different wind systems like the trade winds and polar winds also affect Philippine weather and seasonal climate patterns.

1. WEATHER AND CLIMATE

2. What do you think is the difference between weather and
climate?

3. Weather
– is the condition of
the atmosphere of a place
within a short period of
time.
Climate
- refers to the average
pattern of weather in a
specific place over a long
period of time.

5. Meteorology is a science that deals with the atmosphere and
atmospheric phenomenon that affect the weather of certain
area.
Weather events are recorded and predicted by meteorologist
or scientist who study weather patterns of a place.

6. In the Philippines, What do we call the agency who
monitors or record weather forecast?

7. PAG-ASA or Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration – observes, records
and communicates the changes in the atmospheric
properties and phenomena.

8. Elements of weather:
a. Pressure
b. Temperature
c. Precipitation
d. Winds
e. clouds
These components describe the weather at any given time.

9. FACTORS THAT AFFECT TEMPERATURE AND CLIMATE
A. Latitude
- an horizontal imaginary line
dividing the planet into
northern and southern
hemisphere, where in located
at the center is
what we called the equator.

11. 3 mean heat zones on earth:
1. Tropics or torrid zone – includes the areas between
the tropic of cancer and tropic of Capricorn.
• Hot temperature
• Heavy rains
• Characterized with dense forest

13. Four seasons:
• Summer
• Winter
• Spring
• Fall or autumn
2. Temperate zone – covers the area between tropic of
cancer and arctic circle in the northern hemisphere and
between tropic Capricorn and Antarctic circle in southern
hemisphere.

15. 3. Arctic zone or frigid zone – lies between the arctic circle and
north pole as well the Antarctic circle and South pole.

16. B. Altitude
- the height of an object or point in relation to
sea level or ground level.
This happens because as altitude increases, air
becomes thinner and is less able to absorb and
retain heat.

17. C. Topography
- the physical features of a place affects the
climate of a place. Mountains receive more rainfall than low
lying areas because the temperature of the on top of the
mountains is lower than the temperature at sea level.

18. The presence of bodies of water also affects the
climate of a place. Land heats more quickly than
water but water holds heat longer.
D. Presence of Bodies of Water
• Northern part of Kalinga
• Apayao
• Northwestern part of Cagayan
• Western part of Quezon
• Polilio island
• Bicol region
• Northeastern Samar
• Southern Leyte
• Surigao del Norte
• Surigao del Sur
• Agusan del Norte
• Agusan del Sur
• Misamis Occidental

19. F. WIND SYSTEM
Wind is the moving mass of air. It is produced when earth’s
surface receives unequal amounts of heat.
Different wind systems namely:
• Trade winds
• Westerlies
• Polar winds

20. The boundary between the cold polar easterly winds and the
mild westerly winds is known as the polar front.
A front is the boundary between a mass of cold and a mass of
warm air.
The resulting bond of cloudy and rainy weather near the equator is
called the doldrums or the intertropical convergence zone or ITCZ.

21. Reference:
SCIENCE 9 - The Library Publishing House inc. World of Science for Critical Thinkers