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Volcanism describes the constructive geological process where molten rock erupts from within the earth's crust. There are currently around 550 volcanoes that are considered active. Different types of volcanoes include shield volcanoes like Mauna Loa which erupt fluid basalt lava, cinder cones which form small bowls from ash eruptions, and composite or stratovolcanoes like Mount Rainier that have steep slopes and erupt andesite lava. Monitoring of volcanoes uses techniques like measuring volcanic gas emissions, ground deformation, and remote sensing to detect changes that may forecast eruptions.

































































