Volcanism describes the constructive geological process where molten rock erupts from within the earth's crust. There are currently around 550 volcanoes that are considered active. Different types of volcanoes include shield volcanoes like Mauna Loa which erupt fluid basalt lava, cinder cones which form small bowls from ash eruptions, and composite or stratovolcanoes like Mount Rainier that have steep slopes and erupt andesite lava. Monitoring of volcanoes uses techniques like measuring volcanic gas emissions, ground deformation, and remote sensing to detect changes that may forecast eruptions.
what are Volcanism and volcano,
Distribution of Volcanoes
Kinds of Volcanoes
Types of Volcanic Hazards
Preparing for Volcanic Emergencies
A volcano is generally a conical shaped hill or mountain built by accumulations of lava flows, tephra, and volcanic ash. About 95% of active volcanoes occur at the plate subduction zones and at the mid-oceanic ridges. The other 5% occur in areas associated with lithospheric hot spots. These hot spots have no direct relationships with areas of crustal creation or subduction zones. It is believed that hot spots are caused by plumes of rising magma that have their origin within the asthenosphere.
Over the last 2 million years, volcanoes have been depositing lava, tephra, and ash in particular areas of the globe. These areas occur at hot spots, rift zones, and along plate boundaries where tectonic subduction is taking place within the asthenosphere.
The most prevalent kinds of volcanoes on the Earth's surface are the kind which form the "Pacific Rim of Fire". Those are volcanoes which form as a result of subduction of the nearby lithosphere.
Volcanoes: Its characteristics and products.Mrityunjay Jha
This Powerpoint presentation provides basic information about the volcanoes. It describe about the characteristics of volcanoes such as volcano types, types of cones, volcanic products, types of lava and their eruption characteristics, structures formed by lava flow, association of volcanoes with plate tectonics and the distribution of volcanoes around the world. Several liquid, solid and gaseous volcanic products are described. Slide is presented in an interactive manner so that presenter can induldge students with the presentaion by asking question about the name of different figures shown in the presentaion.
what are Volcanism and volcano,
Distribution of Volcanoes
Kinds of Volcanoes
Types of Volcanic Hazards
Preparing for Volcanic Emergencies
A volcano is generally a conical shaped hill or mountain built by accumulations of lava flows, tephra, and volcanic ash. About 95% of active volcanoes occur at the plate subduction zones and at the mid-oceanic ridges. The other 5% occur in areas associated with lithospheric hot spots. These hot spots have no direct relationships with areas of crustal creation or subduction zones. It is believed that hot spots are caused by plumes of rising magma that have their origin within the asthenosphere.
Over the last 2 million years, volcanoes have been depositing lava, tephra, and ash in particular areas of the globe. These areas occur at hot spots, rift zones, and along plate boundaries where tectonic subduction is taking place within the asthenosphere.
The most prevalent kinds of volcanoes on the Earth's surface are the kind which form the "Pacific Rim of Fire". Those are volcanoes which form as a result of subduction of the nearby lithosphere.
Volcanoes: Its characteristics and products.Mrityunjay Jha
This Powerpoint presentation provides basic information about the volcanoes. It describe about the characteristics of volcanoes such as volcano types, types of cones, volcanic products, types of lava and their eruption characteristics, structures formed by lava flow, association of volcanoes with plate tectonics and the distribution of volcanoes around the world. Several liquid, solid and gaseous volcanic products are described. Slide is presented in an interactive manner so that presenter can induldge students with the presentaion by asking question about the name of different figures shown in the presentaion.
Learning ZoneXpress has developed a Food Cycle Poster that graphically demonstrates how the food is grown on the farm, harvested, and then transported to the school.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY AS ULTRA REVISION TEST 1 HYDROLOGYGeorge Dumitrache
Cambridge Geography AS Ultra Revision Test 1, with questions and answers for chapter 1 Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology. This is a test with 12 questions, 5 minutes each.
These slides briefly explain how to program fractals using recursion. This slide deck focuses using a tree fractal pattern as its base and asks students to work with angles, colors and line width to create diffferent variations. If you want working code contact me.
Discusses 7 or 8 energy myths and provides statistics to refute these myths. Presentation give at the 2011 APES Reading professional night by Susan Postawko
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
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Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
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DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
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We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
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See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
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👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
10. Lava Tubes at Volcanic National Park, HI
Lava Tube
in Hawaii
Fig. 5-3a, p. 137
11. Lava Textures
Pahoehoe (pah-hoy-hoy) is Aa (ah-ah) is characterized by a
characterized by its smooth and rough, clinkery surface and is
often ropey or wrinkly surface and what most viscous and hot lava
is generally formed from more flows look like.
fluid lava flows.
Fig. 5-4a, p. 137
12. Lava Composition
Felsic Lava: high percentage (>63%) of silica, and
trapped gasses; highest viscosity, lowest temperatures
Andesitic Lava: (52-63%) of silica
Mafic Lava: (45-52%) of silica + high percentage of
Magnesium (Mg); typically occur at subduction zones
Balsitic Lava: (45-52%) of silica + high percentage of
Iron (Fe); typically occur at oceanic divergent pages
Ultramafic Lava: (=<45%) of silica; lowest vicsosity,
highest temperatures
14. Inversion of Topography
1. Lava flows into the
valley
2. Lava cools and
crystallizes, forming
extrusive igneous rocks.
3. Areas adjacent to
the flow erode more
easily then the flow
4. Over time, an
inversion is produced.
Fig. 5-6ab, p. 139
15. Craters of the Moon National Monument, ID
http://www.nps.gov/crmo/
Fig. 5-3b, p. 137
25. Cinder Cones, Mojave Desert, CA
•Eruptions are short-lived.
•Large, bowl-shaped craters.
•Ash builds up rapidly.
•Few lava flows.
•Lava flows typically from base of cone.
27. Stratovolcano, Mt. Rainier, WA
From Space
•Composed of layered sills.
•Lahars, or volcanic mud flows are common.
•Have steep slops near summit.
•Lava flows from andesite.
28. Lahar Flows, Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines
Mt. Pinatubo
from Space
Fig. 5-14a, p. 146
30. Lava Dome, Mt. St. Helens, WA
•Composed of felsic magma.
•Formed from intermediate magma forced up under great pressure.
•Highly unstable, will collapse under weight of rock.
Fig. 5-15a, p. 147
31. Mt. Saint Helens Eruption
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgRnVhbfIKQ
35. Fissure Eruptions
Generated along a
linear fracture
Composed of low-
viscosity melt
Commonly occur along
divergent plate
boundaries
Also common on the
edges of large Fissure eruption in Iceland
volcanoes.
Produces a curtain of
fire.
38. Primary Effects of Volcanoes
Pyroclastic Flows
Fumaroles
Landslides
Ash Fall
Earthquakes
High Temperatures
39. Secondary Effects of Explosions
Suffocation from Ash
Asphyxiation from Volcanic Gasses
Tsunamis
Temperatures Decreases
40. Environmental Effects
Involved in the formation of continental crust and
offset weathering and erosion
Provide nutrient rich soils
By trapping clouds at their peaks, water for
agriculture
Agriculture based cultures are attracted to their
bases
41. Volcanic Gasses
Water Vapor
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
Sulfur Dioxide
Hydrogen Sulfide
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrogen
Chlorine
Gasses emitted from fumaroles at the Sulfur Works in
Lassen Volcanic National Park, CA
Fig. 5-2, p. 136
42. Effects of Volcanoes on Climate
Nucleation, condensation, and sedimentation of aerosols (acid rain)
Change in Albedo from ash cloud
Tropospheric cooling from the addition of sulfur to the stratsophere
Ozone destruction through the formation of atomic chlorine
45. Discovery Questions
What does it take to be classified as a super
eruption?
When did the last one occur? Why is their
controversy about the date?
What would be the primary effects of such an
eruption?
For those who survived the initial eruption, what
would happen in the following months, or years?
How did the Toba explosion effect the evolution of
humans?
47. Distribution of Volcanoes
Circum-Pacific
Belt (60%)
Mediterranean
Belt (20%)
Mid-Oceanic
Ridges (20%)
More common along both divergent than convergent plate boundaries.
Mainly composed of intrusive magma flows.
Composed of mafic magma that forms beneath spreading plates.
Pyroclastic materials are not common because lava is fluid.
Water pressure prevents gasses from expanding and escaping.
Fig. 5-20, p. 151
58. Fumarole Gas Monitoring
Chemically-selective sensors
for SO2 and CO2 measure
gas concentrations and a wind
sensor measures wind speed
and direction.
Data from solar-powered
stations are transmitted to
GOES geostationary satellite
and then down to
observatories every 10
minutes, providing near real
time data on degassing of
volcanoes
59. Ground Deformation Monitoring
Paint
Electronic Distance Meters
determine the horizontal movements
that occur on active volcanoes
Tiltmeters
leveling surveys to measure vertical
motions
Global Positioning Systems
allows us to measure horizontal
motions much more accurately and
conveniently, and also to estimate
vertical motions in the same survey
60. Remote Sensing
The Advanced Very High
Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)
is a space-borne sensor
embarked on the NOAA family
of polar orbiting platforms.
The primary purpose of these
instruments is to monitor clouds
and to measure the thermal
emission (cooling) of the Earth.
The main difficulty associated
with these investigations is to
properly deal with the many
limitations of these instruments,
especially in the early period
(sensor calibration, orbital drift,
limited spectral and directional
sampling, etc).
62. Hydrothermal Vents
Distributes heat and
drives water circulation
in the ocean through
convection
Provides energy source
in the form of hydrogen
sulfide to benthic
chemotrophs
Distributes minerals and
influences the
composition of the ocean
63. Hydrothermal Plume
White
Black smoker smoker
Sulfide
deposit
Tube worms
Magma White clam
White crab