This powerpoint presentation provides information about volcanoes and volcanic disasters. It begins with an introduction explaining the purpose is to discuss preparedness for volcanic eruptions. It then covers various topics related to volcanoes including the Ring of Fire, different types of volcanoes, historic eruptions, and safety tips. Examples are given of famous volcanoes from around the world that are located within the Ring of Fire. The presentation concludes with emphasizing the destructive power of volcanoes and importance of being prepared if an eruption occurs in your area.

1. VOLCANO
1

2. Preface
Dear Readers,
This power point presentation has been designed
how to learn what to do when you are hit by this disaster.
In this power point presentation you will find the the
disaster that struck the world. In this power point you’ll
find the study, history and the plan how to do if you are
hit by this disaster.
This power point contains the study, history and
circumstances happens in earth in the past years until
now.
2

3. Introduction
Greetings On Readers,
The purpose of my presentation is to introduce the
importance of preparedness in case of severe accidents impacting
your area and what would make when it hits your area.
And this disaster is Volcanic Activities and Eruption.This
Disaster is very destructive to all human resources and natural
resources.
The one you will see in this presentation are examples only.
It took only internet.
3

4. Table of Contents
PAGE
 CHAPTER 1
History - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 – 21
 CHAPTER 2
Gathered Information - - - - - - - 22 – 39
CHAPTER 3
 Safety Tips - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -40
 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41
 Reference - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42
 Bibliography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 43
4

5. CHAPTER 1
What is the Ring of Fire



A zone along the edge of Pacific Ocean that has
many Volcanoes and Earthquakes.( Source 2)
The horseshoe shaped belt stretches about
25,000 miles from New Zealand northwest to the
Philippines, northeast to Japan, east to Alaska,
and South to Oregon, California, Mexico, and
the Andes Mountains of South America.( Source
2)
It is a large ring of Stratovolcanoes circling the
Pacific Ocean.( Source 3)
5

6. The Ring of Fire
6

7. How many Volcanoes and
Earthquakes are in the Ring of
Fire?
 About 350 historically active Volcanoes in
the Ring of Fire.( Source 2)
 Home to 452 Volcanoes and 75% of
worlds active and dormant Volcanoes.
(
Source 1)
 90% of the worlds earthquakes are on the
Ring of Fire.( Source 1)
 89% of worlds largest earthquakes
happen along Ring of Fire.( Source 1)
7

8. How was the Ring of Fire
made?
 It is associated with a nearly continuous
series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs,
and volcanic belts, and/or plate
movements.( Source 1)
8

9. What is affected because of the
Ring of Fire?
 4 Continents are affected because of the
Ring of Fire ( Asia, Oceania, North
America, and South America.) ( Source 1)
 8 Tectonic Plates are affected ( Pacific
plate, Cocos plate, Nazca plate, Philippine
plate, North American plate, Eurasian
plate, Indo-Australia, and South American
plate.) ( Source 2)
9

10. What is the best known dormant
Volcanoes in the Ring of Fire?
 Top 5 most known Dormant Volcanoes in
Ring of Fire are…. ( Source 4)
 1: MT. Rainier
 2: MT. Fuji
 3: MT. Hood
 4: MT. Shasta
 5: MT. Edgecumbe
10

11. Are the Volcanoes in the Hawaiian
Islands part of the Ring of Fire?
 Mona Loa and Kilauea in the Hawaiian
Islands are not part of the Ring of Fire.
Source 2)
11
(

12. What are some examples of
Volcanoes or Earthquakes that
are on the Ring of Fire
 Some examples are……
12

13. Mt. St. Helens

Mt. St. Helens is a Volcano that is part of the
Ring of Fire that erupted in 1980.( Source 1)
13

14. The San Francisco earthquake of
1989.
 The San Francisco earthquake of 1989 is
part of Ring of Fire.( Source 1)
14

15. Mt. Popocatepetl

Popocatepetl is a Volcano in Mexico that is part
of Ring of Fire that last erupted in 2012 it is
ongoing.( Source 1)
15

16. Mt. Fuji
 Mt. Fuji is a Volcano in Japan that’s part of
the Ring of Fire it last erupted in 1707-08.(
Source 1)
16

17. Mt. Pinatubo

Mt. Pinatubo is a Volcano in Philippines and part
of Ring of Fire and it last erupted in 1991.
(
Source 1)
17

18. Mayon Volcano

Mayon Volcano is part of the Ring of Fire it last
erupted in 2010 it is in the Philippines.( Source1)
18

19. Mt. Edziza

Mt. Edziza is a volcano in British Columbia,
Canada that is part of the Ring of Fire it last
erupted in 1340 BP.( Source 1)
19

20. Chile
 Chile ( located in South America and is
part of Ring of Fire) holds the record for
the largest earthquake ever recorded in
1960 at 9.5.( Source 1)
20

21. My Graph
21

22. Volcanoes
CHAPTER 2
22

23. Definitions





Viscosity - the property of a fluid that resists the
force tending to cause the fluid to flow
Magma - molten material beneath or within the
earth's crust, from which igneous rock is formed
Lava - the molten, fluid rock that issues from a
volcano or volcanic vent
Ash - the powdery residue of matter that remains
after burning
Caldera - A large crater formed by volcanic
explosion or by collapse of a volcanic cone.
23

24. What is a volcano?
 A volcano
is an
opening in
the Earth’s
crust,
which
allows hot
magma,
ash and
gases to
escape
24

25. Structure of a Volcano
25

26. What Greeks Believed
 Volcano is from the
Latin word vulcan
 Thought it was an
entrance to the fiery
underworld.
 Thought the god of
Fire, Hephaestus,
lived beneath Mt.
Etna
26

27. Ring of Fire!!
 90% of volcanoes are in the Ring of Fire
which is band of volcanoes circling the
Pacific Ocean
27

28. Largest Volcano in the World
•
•
•
•
•
Mauna Loa, on
Hawaii’s Big
Island
Shield Volcano
Made by several
lava flows
Top to bottom
56,000 ft
Last eruption in
1984
28

29. Classify
 Active -
has erupted since the last ice age
 Dormant – hasn’t erupted in the last
10,000 years, but is expected to erupt
again
 Extinct – no one ever expects it to erupt
again
29

30. Types of Volcanoes
 Shield volcano
 Stratovolcano
 Supervolcano
 Submarine volcano
 Subglacial volcano
 Mud volcano
30

31. Shield Volcano




Broad, shield like profile
Formed by the eruption
of low-viscosity lava that
can flow a great
distance from a vent
Since low-viscosity
magma is typically low
in silica, shield
volcanoes are more
common in oceanic than
continental settings.
Found in Hawaii and
31

32. Stratovolcano




Tall conical mountains
composed of lava flows in
alternate layers
Also known as composite
volcanoes, created from
several structures during
different kinds of eruptions
Made of cinders, ash and lava.
Cinders and ash pile on top of
each other, lava flows on top of
the ash, where it cools and
hardens, and then the process
begins again.
Mt. Fuji, Mt. Vesuvius, and Mt.
Mayon are examples
32

33. Supervolcano

Large volcano that usually has a
large caldera and can
potentially produce devastation
on an enormous, sometimes
continental, scale

Such eruptions would be able to
cause severe cooling of global
temperatures for many years
afterwards because of the huge
volumes of sulfur and ash
erupted

They are the most dangerous
type

Examples include Yellowstone
Caldera in Yellowstone National
Park and Valles Caldera in New
Mexico

Hard to identify centuries later,
33

34. Submarine Volcano

Common features on the
ocean floor.

Some are active and, in
shallow water, blast steam and
rocky debris high above the
surface of the sea.

Many others lie at such great
depths that the tremendous
weight of the water above
them prevents the explosive
release of steam and gases,
although they can be detected
by hydrophones and
discoloration of water because
of volcanic gases. Pumice rafts
may also appear. Even large
submarine eruptions may not
disturb the ocean surface.
• Because of the rapid cooling effect
of water as compared to air, and
increased buoyancy, submarine
volcanoes often form rather steep
pillars over their volcanic vents as
compared to above-surface
volcanoes. They may become so
large that they break the ocean
surface as new islands.
34

35. Subglacial Volcano





Develop underneath
icecaps.
Made up of flat lava
which flows at the top
of extensive pillow
lavas
When the icecap
melts, the lavas on the
top collapse leaving a
flat-topped mountain.
Also called table
mountains
Examples are in
35

36. Mud Volcano
 Formations created by
geo-excreted liquids and
gases, although there
are several different
processes which may
cause such activity.
 The largest structures
are 10 kilometers in
diameter and reach 700
meters high.
36

37. Mt. St. Helens
 Located in Washington
 Stratovolcano
 Most famous for eruption on May 18, 1980
 Most active volcano in United States
37

38. May 18, 1980
 Most catastrophic eruption
 57 people killed, 250 homes, 47 bridges,
15 miles of railway, and 185 miles of
highway were destroyed
 Caused a mass debris avalanche bringing
the elevation from 9,667ft to 8,365ft
 Made a horseshoe shaped crater
38

39. Volcano Benefits
 Provide
valuable mineral
deposits
 Fertile soils
 Geothermal
energy
 Lava can build
new land, like in
Hawaii
39

40. Safety tips
•Stay away from active volcanoes.
• If you live near an active volcano, keep goggles and a mask in an emergencykit, along
with a flashlight and a working, battery-operated radio.
• Know your evacuation route. Keep gas in your car.
If a Volcano Erupts in your
Area
• Know your evacuation route. Keep gas in your car.
• Evacuate only as recommended by authorities to stay clear of lava, mud flows,
and flying rocks and debris.
•Avoid river areas and low-lying regions.
•Before you leave the house, change into long-sleeved shirts and long pants and
use goggles or eyeglasses, not contacts. Wear an emergency mask or hold a
damp cloth over your face.
•If you are not evacuating, close windows and doors and block chimneys and other
vents, to prevent ash from coming into the house.
•Be aware that ash may put excess weight on your roof and need to be swept
away. Wear protection during cleanups.
•Ash can damage engines and metal parts, so avoid driving. If you must drive, stay
40
below 35 miles (56 kilometers) an hour.

41. Conclusion
Now, to sum up my presentation the main points of my
presentation is about
Pacific ring of fire. Pacific ring of fire is a group of volcanoes
surrounding many counties.
Philippines is a part of pacific ring of fire Volcano is very
destructive. Volcano can make an Earthquake because of volcanic
activities and some after volcanic eruption.
In conclusion, my recommendations are : your mind should be
active in calamities you have to be ready if theres any calamities
written in this conlusion.
41

42. Resources
 www.wikipedia.com
 http://blogs.oregonstate.edu/volcanofaq/
 http://www.nationalgeographic.com/forces
ofnature/interactive/index.html
 http://dictionary.reference.com/
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano_(film)
 http://facts.randomhistory.com/2009/01/30
_volcanoes.html
 www.amazon.com
42

43. Bibliography

Source 1: Wikimedia Foundation, INC. (March 19 2012) The Pacific
Ring of Fire. Wikipedia. March 19 2012.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire>

Source 2: World Book, INC. (2005) World Book encyclopedia 2005
edition. Chicago,Illinois: World Book, INC.

Source 3: BrainPOP. (1999-2012). Volcanoes. BrainPop. (March 19
2012). <http://www.brainpop.com/>

Source 4: Yahoo! (2012) What are the top 5 most known dormant
volcanoes in the ring of fire? Yahoo! Answers. (March 19 2012).
<http://answers.yahoo.com/>
43
18