This document discusses vitamin E, including its dietary sources, biochemical functions, absorption and transport, recommended daily allowance, deficiency symptoms, and toxicity. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation and protects cell membranes. Key dietary sources include nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables. The RDA for vitamin E is 15 mg/day for adults. Deficiency can cause neurological and muscle problems, while toxicity is rare and requires extremely high doses over 1000 mg/day.

1. VITAMIN E
NAME –ETIKA SAXENA
REG. NO -12106012
NUT 109

2. Topics
 Introduction
 Dietary sources
 Biochemical functions
 Absorption storage transport
 RDA of vitamin E
 Diseases
 Deficiency symptoms
 Toxicity
 References

3. Introduction
 It is a fat soluble vitamin and heat labile.
 The term vitamin E describes a family of 8
antioxidants , 4 tocopherols (a,b, g, & d) and 4
tocotrienols.
 a-tocopherol is the active form of vitamin E in the
human body.
 The tocopherols are derivatives of 6-hydroxy
chromane (tocol) ring with isoprenoid (3 units) side
chain.
 The antioxidant property is due to the hydroxyl
group of chromane ring.

5. Dietary sources
 Vitamin E is
synthesized by plants .
 Alpha – tocopherol in
other green plants.

6. FUNCTIONS
 It is a membrane antioxidant .
Vit E prevents lipid peroxidation.
 There is continuous production of free radicals in our
body . This free radicals can Damage PUFA ,Vitamin E
excepts free radicals and itself gets converted to
quinone form.
 Vitamin E is important for the maintainence of RBC
membrane prevents hemolysis
 It is important in maintainence of reproduction and
germinal epithelium in gonads.

7.  It prevents sterility
 It helps to prevents oxidized LDL formation
 Selenium is important constituent of glutathione
peroxidase . Vitamin E along with Selenium functions as an
antioxidant.
 Immune response
 It prevents oxidation of vitamin A
 It helps to prevent cataract along with vitamin A and C.
 It is important in heme synthesis because it activates
(aminolevulinic acid )ALA synthase and ALA dehydratase.

8.  It is important in nucleic acid synthesis.
 It is required for proper storage of creatine in skeletal
muscle.
 Vitamin E prevents massive hepatic necrosis produced
in diet deficient of amino acids .

9. RDA of vitamin E 2020

10. Absorption,storage and
Transport
ABSORPTION
 small intestine
 It enters the bloodstream via the lymph
STORAGE
 liver and fatty tissue
EXCRETION
 Urine

11.  Vitamin E is absorbed along with fat in the small intestine.
Bile salts are necessary for the absorption. In the liver, it is
incorporated into lipoproteins (VLDL and LDL) and
transported.
 Vitamin E is stored in adipose tissue, liver and muscle. The
normal plasma level of tocopherol is less than 1 mg/dl.

13. DISEASES
 Myopathy(skeletal muscle pain)and weakness
 Ceroid pigment accumulation (fat accumulation)
 Hemolytic Anaemia
 Degenerative neuropathy
 Ataxia
 Loss of vibratory sense
 Loss of coordination of limbs

14. Deficiency symptoms

15. Toxicity
 Vitamin e is least toxic among other fat soluble vitamins.
 Doses above 1000mg /day leads to toxicity.
Headache
Fatigue
Nausea
Double
vision
Muscular
weakness
Creatinuria
Gastrointestinal
distress
Vit E
intoxication

16. NOTES
 Although there is no direct relation vitamin E in
disease .
 That’s why it is also known as insearch of disease
vitamin. But so many disease occur due to oxidation
of cells.
 It prevents in coronary artery disease
 Dilates the bloodvessels for easy bood flow.
 It is mainly known for its antioxidant role .

17. REFERENCES
 NUTRITION SCIENCE by B srilaxmi
 DR. U SATYANRAYANA biochemistry
 GOOGLE
 WIKIPEDIA

18. THANK YOU!