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VITAMIN E - NUTRITIONAL STUDY.
- 1. Zulfikar Barodawala S. 2nd Year B016 Lotus College Of Optometry ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Is chemically known as “Tocopherol”. • Vitamin E was discovered in 1922. • A fat soluble vitamin. • Is known as anti-sterility vitamin • Is synthesized only in plants. ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 3. CHEMISTRY • Tocopherols (synthesize). i. α -tocopherol : 5,7,8-trimethyltocol ii. β -tocopherol : 5,8-dimethyl tocol iii. γ -tocopherol : 7,8-dimethyl tocol iv. δ -tocopherol : 8-methyl tocopherol • Tocotrienols (natural). i. α -tocotrienol : 5,7,8-trimethyltocotrienol ii. β –tocotrienol: 5,8-dimethyltocotrienol iii. γ -tocotrienol : 7,8-Dimethyltocotrienol iv. δ -tocotrienol : 8-Methyltocotrienol ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S. Consists of two families of compounds :-
- 5. CHEMISTRY • Alpha- tocopherol is most active and predominant form amongst the all. • ABSORPTION -- with fat in the upper small intestine. • MECHANISM -- combines with Bile salts (micelles) to form mixed micelle and taken up by the mucosal cell .In the mucosal cell, it is incorporated into chylomicrons. • STORAGE -- Mainly stored in liver and adipose tissue. Present in biological membranes, because of its affinity to phospholipids. ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 6. SOURCES • Vegetable oils (such as wheat germ, sunflower, safflower, corn, and soybean oils) • Nuts (such as almonds, peanuts, and hazelnuts/filberts) • Seeds (such as sunflower seeds) • Green leafy vegetables (such as spinach and broccoli) • Fortified breakfast cereals, fruit juices, margarine, and spreads. Fortified means that vitamins have been added to the food. ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 10. FUNCTIONS • Is an antioxidant that protects body tissue from damage caused by substances called free radicals. • To help keep the immune system strong against virus and bacteria. • Is also important in the formation of Red blood cells and it helps the body use vitamin K, vitamin A and vitamin C from getting destroyed • It also helps widen blood vessels and keep blood from clotting inside them. ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 12. FUNCTIONS • It protects the PUFA from peroxidation reactions. • It is associated with reproductive function and prevents sterility. • Vitamin E prevents the oxidation of Vitamin A and carotenes. • It is required for cellular respiration • It is required for proper storage of creatine in skeletal muscle. ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 13. FUNCTIONS • It is required for absorption of amino acids from intestine • It is involved in synthesis of nucleic acids. • It protects the liver from toxic compounds such as -- Carbontetrachloride. • It works in association with vitamin A,C and beta- carotene, to delay the onset of “Cataract”. • Is recommended for the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease. • Prevents oxidation of LDL (Oxidized LDL promotes heart diseases). ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 15. RECOMMANDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE - RDA Age Adequate Intake (mg/day) Upper Limit (mg/day) 0 months – 6 months 4 7 months – 12 months 5 1 year – 3 years 5 70 4 years – 8 years 6 100 9 years – 13 years males/females 9 / 8 180 / 180 14 years – 18 years males/females 10 / 8 250 / 250 19 years and + years males/females 10 / 7 300 / 300 Pregnant Women (19 years – 50 years) 7 300 Lactating Women (19 years – 50 years ) 11 300 ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 16. BENEFITS OF VITAMIN ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 17. DEFICIENCY • Usually happens due to poor diet habits – that is a diet deficient of fruits and vegetables. • Diseases related to liver, gall bladder, or pancreas. • Low fat and processed foods. • Newborn babies, especially who are born prematurely might also show Vitamin E deficiency. ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 18. SYMPTOMS OF DEFICENCY • Can cause many digestive system problems, which will lead to poor absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract. • Nervous system related problems in hands, legs, arms and feet. • Pain, tingling, loss of sensation, gastrointestinal diseases. • Dry hair or loss of hair. • Muscular weakness. • Slow tissue healing. • Leg cramps. ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 19. VITAMIN E DEFICENCY SIGNS/DISEASES i. Anemia ii. Poor Balance iii. Hair Loss iv. Dry skin v. Cancer vi. Muscle Weakness vii. Leg Cramps viii. Atherosclerosis ix. Fertility Problems x. Immunity SYSTEMIC ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 21. VITAMIN E DEFICENCY SIGNS/DISEASES xi. Blindness . xii. Retinopathy of prematurity (Retrolental Fibroplasia). xiii.Hepatic necrosis -- Vitamin E and selenium prevents hepatic necrosis . xiv. Spinocerebellar ataxia and impaired vision -- Chronic deficiency in children is associated with ataxia, weakness, loss of touch and position senses, impaired vision and retinopathy OCULAR ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 25. VITAMIN E DEFICENCY SIGNS/DISEASES xiv. Increased lipid peroxidation in nervous tissue causes neurological lesions xv. Studies say that it reduces the progression of ARMD and Cataract formation. ⁵ OCULAR ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 26. TOXICITY • Many adults take relatively large amounts for months to years without any apparent harm. Occasionally, muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea can occur. The most significant risk is bleeding , serious bleeding in the brain . • Previous studies - may increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke and premature death . ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 27. TOXICITY • High doses can antagonize the actions of Vitamin K in animals , reducing blood coagulation and increasing vulnerability to bleeding & hemorrhage , but the effect can be reversed by Vitamin K injection . • Because of the potential for high doses of Vitamin E to antagonize Vitamin K in humans , persons taking high doses of Vitamin E would be prudent to also take Vitamin K. ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 28. REFERENCE 1) http://www.moh.gov.my/images/gallery/rni/13_chat.pdf 2) https://www.nrv.gov.au/nutrients/vitamin-e 3) http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/nutrition/vitamin -e/overview.html 4) http://www.stylecraze.com/articles/vitamin-e-deficiency- causes-symptoms-and-treatment/#gref 5) http://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/caring-for-your- vision/diet-and-nutrition/vitamin-e?sso=y 6) http://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/nutritional- disorders/vitamin-deficiency,-dependency,-and- toxicity/vitamin-e ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.
- 29. REFERENCE 7) http://www.benbest.com/nutrceut/VitaminE.html 8) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qz7NTLjjx_M 9) https://www.slideshare.net/YESANNA/vitamin-e- 33414086?qid=f6a4511c-6095-42bf-bca3- f3682f9d222d&v=&b=&from_search=1 10)http://www.juvenon.com/vitamin-e-which-one-is-in-your- supplement-107/ 11)https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 12)https://draxe.com/vitamin-e-benefits/ ZULFIKAR BARODAWALA S.