1. Vitamin D3 is synthesized in the skin by exposure to sunlight and is converted to calcitriol, the biologically active form, in the kidney.
2. Calcitriol acts on the intestine, bone, and kidney to regulate calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption from the intestine, mobilizing calcium from bone, and enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidney.
3. Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children, characterized by bone deformities and softening, and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by demineralization of bones.
vitamin d is one of the fat soluble vitamin on which there is great emphasis in the present scenario. it is present in breast milk in very minute amount so it is recommended that it must be supplemented right after birth to prevent it deficiency which in children can result in rickets. if not diagnosed and treated in time it may result in number of bony deformities . in adults besides oesteomalacia it is associated with n umber of non communicable diseases.
Chemistry, and biochemical role, rda, vitamin dJasmineJuliet
Vitamin D - Chemistry,n Metabloism, Biosynthesis in our skin, Recommended dietary Allowance, Dietary sources of vitamin D, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin D, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin D.
vitamin d is one of the fat soluble vitamin on which there is great emphasis in the present scenario. it is present in breast milk in very minute amount so it is recommended that it must be supplemented right after birth to prevent it deficiency which in children can result in rickets. if not diagnosed and treated in time it may result in number of bony deformities . in adults besides oesteomalacia it is associated with n umber of non communicable diseases.
Chemistry, and biochemical role, rda, vitamin dJasmineJuliet
Vitamin D - Chemistry,n Metabloism, Biosynthesis in our skin, Recommended dietary Allowance, Dietary sources of vitamin D, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin D, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin D.
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Though these vitamins share similar names, research shows that they are chemically distinct vitamins that often coexist in the same foods. In general, supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamin supplements are referred to by the specific name of each vitamin (e.g., B1, B2, B3 etc.).
Vitamin C introduction, Chemistry of Vitamin C, Biochemical Role of Vitamin C, (Collagen formation, Bone formation, Immunological response, Synthesis of Catacholamines, ), Recommended dietary Allowance of Vitamin C, Dietary Sources of Vitamin C, Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin C, Food preparation to retain Vitamin C.
VITAMIN B3
GUL MUNEER
Niacin
Niacinamide 0R Nicotinamide
Vitamin P OR PP (pellagra preventive)
Pellagra preventive factor
Anti black tongue factor
Nicotinic acid
Vitamin G (after Goldberger’s death, vitamin B3 was some times called in his honor)
Structure of Vitamin B3
Function of Vitamin B3
DISCOVERY of Vitamin B3
PROPERTIES of Vitamin B3
Nicotinic Acid (Plant form)
CHEMISTRY of Vitamin B3
Sources of Vitamin B3
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE (RDA) of Vitamin B3
BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS of Vitamin B3
Digestion and Absorption of Dietary Niacin
Metabolism of B-3
Deficiency of B3
Chemistry of Vitamin E, Biochemical role of Vitamin E, Recommended dietary Allowances, Dietary sources of Vitamin E, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin E, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin E, Toxicity of Vitamin E,
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Though these vitamins share similar names, research shows that they are chemically distinct vitamins that often coexist in the same foods. In general, supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamin supplements are referred to by the specific name of each vitamin (e.g., B1, B2, B3 etc.).
Vitamin C introduction, Chemistry of Vitamin C, Biochemical Role of Vitamin C, (Collagen formation, Bone formation, Immunological response, Synthesis of Catacholamines, ), Recommended dietary Allowance of Vitamin C, Dietary Sources of Vitamin C, Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin C, Food preparation to retain Vitamin C.
VITAMIN B3
GUL MUNEER
Niacin
Niacinamide 0R Nicotinamide
Vitamin P OR PP (pellagra preventive)
Pellagra preventive factor
Anti black tongue factor
Nicotinic acid
Vitamin G (after Goldberger’s death, vitamin B3 was some times called in his honor)
Structure of Vitamin B3
Function of Vitamin B3
DISCOVERY of Vitamin B3
PROPERTIES of Vitamin B3
Nicotinic Acid (Plant form)
CHEMISTRY of Vitamin B3
Sources of Vitamin B3
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE (RDA) of Vitamin B3
BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS of Vitamin B3
Digestion and Absorption of Dietary Niacin
Metabolism of B-3
Deficiency of B3
Chemistry of Vitamin E, Biochemical role of Vitamin E, Recommended dietary Allowances, Dietary sources of Vitamin E, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin E, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin E, Toxicity of Vitamin E,
Hello
This ppt were on the basic information for synthesis of vitamin D and vitamin K in our body.
Along with their RDA , Source , biochemical function and disease state.
Thank you
Chemistry, and biochemical role, rda, vitamin dJasmineJuliet
Chemistry of Vitamin D, Biochemical functions of vitamin D, Recommended dietary Allowances of vitamin D, Dietary sources of Vitamin D, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin D, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin D, Toxicity of Vitamin D.
Its presentation is on
description of Vitamin D۔۔ History
Sources
Normal levels
Types
Causes of vitamin D deficiency
Mechanism of Vitamin D
Connection of calcium with Vitamin D
Disease and risk factors
Prevention of vitamin D deficiency
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
1. Vitamin D
Gandham. Rajeev
Department of Biochemistry,
Akash Institute of Medical Sciences
& Research Centre,
Devanahalli, Bangalore,
Karnataka, India.
eMail: gandhamrajeev33@gmail.com
2.
3. Vitamin-D is a fat soluble vitamin
Vitamin – D is a sterol, it contains steroid nucleus
(Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring)
Vitamin – D function like a hormone
Forms of vitamin D:
Vitamin D in the diet occurs in two forms
Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol)
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
5. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is found in animals
Both the sterols are similar in structure except
that ergocalciferol has an additional methyl group
and a double bond
Ergocalciferol and Cholecalciferol are sources for
vitamin D activity and are referred as provitamins
6. During the course of cholesterol biosynthesis 7-
dehydrocholesterol is formed as an intermediate
On exposure to sunlight, 7-dehydrocholesterol is
converted to cholecalciferol in the skin (dermis
and epidermis)
Dark skin pigment (melanin) adversely influences
the synthesis of cholecalciferol
7. Skin is the largest organ in the body
The production of vitamin D in the skin is directly
proportional to the exposure to sunlight and
inversely proportional to the pigmentation of skin
Excessive exposure to sunlight does not result in
vitamin D toxicity since excess provitamin D3
are destroyed by sunlight itself
8.
9. Diet from animal sources such as animal liver
contains vitamin D3
Diet from plant sources contains vitamin D2
Absorption: vitamin D2 and D3 are absorbed from
upper small intestine and bile is essential
Mechanism: vitamin D3 and D2 form mixed
micelles by combining with bile salts (micelles)
Mixed micelles are presented to mucosal cells
Absorption occurs by passive transport
10. Vitamin D binding globulin: vitamin D is
transported from intestine to the liver by binding
to vitamin D binding globulin
25 – Hydroxy D3 and 1,25 – dihydroxy D3 are
also transported in the blood by binding to
vitamin D binding globulin
Storage:
25 – hydroxycholecalciferol is the major storage
and circulatory form of vitamin D
11. Synthesis of 1,25 – Dihydroxycholecalciferol:
Active form: the active form of vitamin D is 1,25 –
Dihydroxycholecalciferol and is also called as
calcitriol
Cholecalciferol is first hydroxylated at 25th
position to 25 – hydroxycholecalciferol by a
specific hydroxylase present in liver
Kidney possesses a specific enzyme, 25 –
hydroxycholecalciferol 1 – hydroxylase
12. 25 – hydroxycholecalciferol 1 – hydroxylase
hydroxylates 25 – hydroxycholecalciferol at
position 1 to produce 1,25 –
Dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-DHCC)
1,25 – DHCC contains 3 hydroxyl groups (1, 3,
25) and called as calcitriol
Both hydroxylase enzymes (of liver and kidney)
require cytochrome P450, NADPH and molecular
oxygen for hydroxylation process
13. Formation of 1,25 – DHCC is regulated by the
regulation of renal 1 α – hydroxylase
1 α – hydroxylase activity is increased by
hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia stimulates PTH secretion which,
in turn, increases 1 α – hydroxylase
1 α – hydroxylase activity may be feedback
inhibited by 1,25 – DHCC
14. In chronic renal failure, 1 α – hydroxylase activity
is decreased leading to decreased synthesis of
1,25 – DHCC
The condition leads to renal osteodystrophy
(renal rickets)
Condition is treated by giving 1,25 – DHCC
preparations
1 α – hydroxylase deficiency can also occurs as
inherited disorder or due to hypoparathyroidism
15. Vitamin D regulates the plasma levels of calcium
and phosphorous
Plasma calcium levels are regulated by effects of
1,25 – DHCC on small intestine, kidney and
bone
It maintains the plasma calcium levels by
increasing absorption of calcium from small
intestine, increasing reabsorption of calcium by
renal distal tubules and increasing mobilization of
calcium from bone
16. Calcitriol (1,25 – DHCC) acts at three different
levels to maintain plasma calcium
Action on intestine:
Calcitriol increases the intestinal absorption of
calcium and phosphate
In the intestinal cells, calcitriol binds with a
cytosolic receptor to form a calcitriol-receptor
complex
17. This complex interacts with a specific DNA
leading to the synthesis of a specific calcium
binding protein
This protein increases calcium uptake by
intestine
The mechanism of action of calcitriol is similar to
that of steroid hormone
Action on bone:
In osteoblasts of bone, calcitriol stimulates
calcium uptake for deposition as calcium
phosphate
18. Calcitriol is essential for bone formation
Calcitriol along with parathyroid hormone
increases the mobilization of calcium and
phosphate from the bone
Causes elevation in the plasma calcium and
phosphate
Action on kidney:
Calcitriol is also involved in minimizing the
excretion of calcium and phosphate through the
kidney by decreasing their excretion and
enhancing reabsorption
19. 24,25 – DHCC is another metabolite of vitamin D
It is synthesized in kidney by 24 - hydroxylase
Calcitriol concentration is adequate, 24 –
hydroxylase acts leading to the synthesis of a
less important compound 24,25 – DHCC
To maintain calcium homeostasis, synthesis of
24,25 – DHCC is important
20. Calcitriol is considered as an important
calciotropic hormone, while cholecalciferol is the
prohormone
1. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is synthesized in the
skin by the UV – rays of sunlight
2. The biologically active form of vitamin D, calcitriol
is produced in the kidney
3. Calcitriol has target organs-intestine, bone and
kidney
21. 4. Calcitriol action is similar to that of steroid hormones
It binds to a receptor in the cytosol and the complex
acts on DNA to stimulate the synthesis of calcium
binding protein
5. Calcitriol synthesis is self-regulated by a feedback
mechanism i.e., calcitriol decreases its own
synthesis
6. Actinomycin D inhibits the action of calcitriol,
calcitriol exerts its effect on DNA leading to the
synthesis of RNA (transcription)
22. Children - 10 gm/day or 400 IU/day
Adults - 5 gm/day or 200 IU/day
Pregnency,lactation -10 gm/day or 400 IU/day
Above the age of 60 yrs - 600 IU /day
Sources of vitamin D:
Exposure to sunlight produces cholecalciferol
Good sources includes – fatty fish, fish liver oils,
egg yolk etc
Milk is not a good source
23. Deficiency of vitamin D causes rickets in children
and osteomalacia in adults
Rickets:
It is a vitamin D deficiency state in children
Causes: Dietary deficiency and non-exposure to
sunlight
Rickets in children is characterized by bone
deformities due to incomplete mineralization
24. Causing enlargement and softening of bones
Delay in teeth formation
The weight bearing bones are bent to form bow-legs
Decreased serum calcium
Deformation of muscles: potbelly due to weakness of
abdominal muscles
Biochemical findings:
Decreased serum calcium (9-11mg/dl)
Decreased plasma phosphorous (3-4.5 mg/dl)
Increased plasma alkaline phosphatase (30-130 IU)
25.
26.
27. Vitamin D deficiency in adults
Causes: Inadequate exposure to sunlight or low
dietary intake
Features: Demineralization occurs mainly in
spine, pelvis and lower extremities
Bowing of the long bones may occur due to
weight of the body
Flattening of pelvis bones may cause difficulty
during labour
28. In chronic renal failure, 1 α – hydroxylase activity
is decreased leading to decreased synthesis of
1,25 – DHCC
The condition leads to renal osteodystrophy
(renal rickets)
Condition is treated by giving 1,25 – DHCC
preparations
1 α – hydroxylase deficiency can also occurs as
inherited disorder or due to hypoparathyroidism
29. Vitamin D is stored mainly in liver
Vitamin D is most toxic in overdoses
Toxic effects include demineralization of bones and
increased calcium absorption from intestine, leading
increased plasma calcium (hypercalcemia)
Hypercalcemia is associated with deposition of calcium in
many soft tissues such as kidney and arteries
It leads to formation of stones (renal calculi)
High consumption is associated with loss of appetite,
nausea, increased thirst, loss of weight etc
30. Harper’s Biochemistry 25th Edition.
Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry by Tietz.
Text Book of Medical Biochemistry-A R Aroor.
Text Book of Biochemistry-DM Vasudevan
Text Book of Biochemistry-MN Chatterjea
Text Book of Biochemistry-Dr.U.Satyanarana