The document discusses different types of vaporizers used in anesthesia from Tec 1 to Tec 5. It describes the key parts, working, advantages and disadvantages of each vaporizer. Tec 1 was the earliest vaporizer introduced in 1956. Modern vaporizers like Tec 5 are variable bypass, temperature compensated, concentration calibrated and agent specific. They have improved safety features like internal baffles and locking mechanisms to prevent errors. The document also reviews the standards for vaporizers and procedures for filling and draining them.
Intro to Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction Arun Shetty
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, a seldom heard phenomenon but very effective physiologic property which helps lungs utilise ventilation to the maximum
Prof. Mridul Panditrao wants to share his much acclaimed CME lecture in ISACON 2014, Madurai, India and many other places, on one of the very very important but often ununderstood and neglected essential topics in Anesthesia..... Vaporizers!!
Intro to Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction Arun Shetty
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, a seldom heard phenomenon but very effective physiologic property which helps lungs utilise ventilation to the maximum
Prof. Mridul Panditrao wants to share his much acclaimed CME lecture in ISACON 2014, Madurai, India and many other places, on one of the very very important but often ununderstood and neglected essential topics in Anesthesia..... Vaporizers!!
HTML5 is all the rage with the cool kids, and although there’s a lot of focus on the new language, there’s plenty for web app developers with new JavaScript APIs both in the HTML5 spec and separated out as their own W3C specifications. This session will take you through demos and code and show off some of the outright crazy bleeding edge demos that are being produced today using the new JavaScript APIs. But it’s not all pie in the sky – plenty is useful today, some even in Internet Explorer!
Ten things about txv operation troubleshooting - Danfoss CoolingDanfoss Cooling
This slide was presented during Metering Device Q&A live stream at Danfoss Cooling LinkedIn and YouTube channel.You can watch the recorded version of the live stream here.
LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6703977987584389120
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Remember to follow our channels to get notification when next live stream is available.
Discussing many types of anesthesia vaporizer, the old and the new , the modern and advanced vaporizers.
also the mechanism of action of each type.
The properties of different types of vaporizers.
how to select your favorite vaporizer.?
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. INTRODUCTION
Inhalational anaesthetic agents are usually liquids at
room temperature and barometric pressure and need to
be converted to vapour before being used and this
conversion is effected using a vaporizer.
Modern vaporizers are flow and temperature
compensated, concentration calibrated, direct reading,
dial controlled and are unaffected by positive-pressure
ventilation.
3. The concentration of vapour is continuously
monitored and adjusted by altering fresh gas flow
through the vaporizer
Safety features include an anti-spill and a specific
vaporizer filling device.
4. Vaporizers and Standards
The ASTM anesthesia workstation standard contains the
following provisions regarding vaporizers:
The effects of variations in ambient temperature and
pressure, tilting, back pressure, and input flow rate and gas
mixture composition on vaporizer performance must be
stated in the accompanying documents.
The average delivered concentration from the vaporizer
shall not deviate from the set value by more than ±20% or
±5% of the maximum setting, whichever is greater, without
back pressure.
5. The average delivered concentration from the vaporizer
shall not deviate from the set value by more than +30% or -
20% or by more than +7.5% or -5% of the maximum setting,
whichever is greater, with pressure fluctuations at the
common gas outlet of 2 kPa with a total gas flow of 2
L/minute or 5 kPa with a total gas flow of 8 L/minute.
A system that prevents gas from passing through the
vaporizing chamber or reservoir of one vaporizer and then
through that of another must be provided.
The output of the vaporizer shall be less than 0.05% in the
“OFF” or “zero” position if the “zero” position is also the
“OFF” position.
6. All vaporizer control knobs must open counterclockwise.
Either the maximum and minimum filling levels or the
actual usable volume and capacity shall be displayed.
The vaporizer must be designed so that it cannot be
overfilled when in the normal operating position.
7. Vaporizers outside the breathing system must have
noninterchangeable proprietary or 23-mm fittings and
the inlet of the vaporizer must be male and the outlet
female.
Vaporizers suitable for use in the breathing system
must have standard 22-mm fittings or screw-threaded,
weight-bearing fittings with the inlet female and the
outlet male.
The direction of gas flow must be indicated by arrows
and the vaporizer marked “for use in the breathing
system.”
8. In order to give clinically useful concentrations of the agent,
the anaesthetic vapor has to be diluted with fresh gas in
one of the two ways:
1)By splitting the fresh gas flow so that only a portion
passes through the vaporizing chamber and the rest
bypasses it – variable bypass vaporizers.
2)By injecting the vapor directly to the total fresh gas flow
without any split – measured flow vaporizers.
9. A. Method of regulating output concentration
1. Concentration calibrated (variable-bypass)
2. Measured flow (copper Kettle)
CLASSIFICATION
B. Method of vaporization
1. Flow over
2.Bubble Through
3.Injection
10. C. Temperature compensation
1. Thermocompensation
2. Supplied heat
E. Specificity
1. Agent specific
2. Multiple agent
D. Resistance
1. Plenum
2. Low resistance(draw over)
12. TEC 1
introduced by Cyprane company in 1956 as
FLUOTEC 1 for Halothane.
Also called Mark 1.
Problem of proportioning valve sticking
there is a risk of overdose.
14. Construction:
Vaporizing chamber- round with concentric wicks.
Bimetallic strip- outlet of chamber.
Dial in front.
Gas flows: Controlled by spindle- rightward movement.
OFF position-flow only through bypass chamber.
ON position-more gas through vaporizing chamber.
15.
16. In a bimetallic strip, two metals with very different
coefficients of thermal expansion are fixed together.
17. When the temp. of the vaporizing chamber drops, the
bimetallic strip bends and moves away. This reduces
the resistance to flow and thus more flow occurs into
the vaporizing chamber
18. TEC 2 Evaluation and Use
Not accurate below 4Liters/min.
With flow<2L/min, at low dial setting <2%, output is less
than setting and more than setting with more dial setting.
With N2O gives lower output at higher setting and higher
at lower settings.
With dial setting bet 0% and OFF, some output can occur
varying with gas flow.
Prone to pumping effect at low flows and pressuring
effect at high flows.
Small leak in the off position.
19. Disadvantages
Halothane preservative Thymol gets
deposited in vaporizer causing operating
spindle to stick.
Back pressure forcing saturated Vapour back
into bypass chamber.
High concentration at low flows.
21. TEC 3 - Parts
The VC has two concentric wick skirts, which enclose nickel
plated copper helix in between.
This assembly forms a long spiral channel through which
carrier gas flows before entering the VC preventing back
pressure problems.
The bimetallic strip within the bypass chamber increases
flow through the bypass chamber when temperature
increase.
22. TEC 3 VAPORIZER
variable bypass
flow over with wick
automatic thermocompensation
agent specific
Construction:
Long inlet of vaporizing chamber
Concentration dial at the top, with locking lever-
controls size of control channel.
Filling & draining- bottom
23.
24. TEC 3 Evaluation and Use
All are accurate at lower dial settings.
At high dial settings, higher than expected concentration
at low flow rates and vice versa.
Negligible effect of- O2 Flush, back pressure, increase or
decrease of carrier gas.
N2O has little effect.
Between OFF and 0.5%, output was less effected by FGF
than in TEC 2.
Small leaks in bypass in OFF position.
Tipping upto 90 degree does not affect output.
25. TEC 3 Disadvantages
Dial rotation problems-
rotation beyond OFF position.
rotated by 180 degree.
leak from dial setting because of damage or compression of
gasket.
28. Tec 4
A vapouriser designed for ‘out-of-circuit’ use in continuous
flow techniques of inhalation anaesthesia with built in
temperature-compensated and pressure-compensated
capabilities.
The Tec 4 was introduced for BOC Model 2000 anaesthetic
machine in 1983.
29. It was a remodelled Tec 3.
To overcome the problems of Tec 3 it incorporated internal
baffle system to reduce the danger of liquid agent entering
the bypass chamber on tilting.
Another interesting modification, to ensure only a single
vapouriser operation at any time, was the safety interlock
system.
This vapouriser is available for different specific agents, i.e.
enflurane (dial setting range 0-7%), halothane (0-5%),
isoflurane (0-5%)
30. TEC 4 Parts
On top- Control Dial that is turn clockwise to increase
the concentration.
A release button on the left of concentration dial
must b depressed before the vaporizer is turned on.
Locking lever-connected to control knob.
When the vaporizer is turned on, 2 plungers within
the vaporizers operate to open the valve into the
Fresh gas stream. Also prevent the use of any
adjacent vaporizers,
2 Filling mechanisms- Screw cap and Keyed Filling
system
31. TEC 4 Gas Flow
OFF Position-
incoming gas flows from inlet and into one channel across
the top of the vaporizer , without coming in contact with
vaporizing chamber or temperature compensating device
and leave through the outflow
ON Position-
•incoming gas split into 2 streams by a rotary valve attached
to concentration dial.
• 1 stream goes to VC and that enters one of the two
chambers which surrounds the bypass chamber.
•After passing it is directed over 2 concentric wicks that
enclose a copper helix which converts this space into long
spiral outlet channel.
32. TEC 4
•Wicks assure maximum contact between gas and
agent.
•This vapor laden gas leaves via the second chamber
surrounding bypass chamber to outlet.
The remaining Fresh gas flows to the bypass chamber
which contains temperature sensitive element.
No spillage after tilting or inversion.
33. TEC 4 Evaluation and Use
Fluctuation back pressure can increase the concentration.
Greater effects seen at-
low flow rates, low dial setting, large and frequent pressure
fluctuations.
N2O- decreases output slightly.
Vaporizer is filled and used in upright position- deviation do
not affect the output or safety.
35. TEC 5 Vaporizer
Variable Bypass
Flow over wick
Out of System
Temperature Compensated by automatic flow alteration
Concentration Calibrated
Agent Specific
40. Construction:
The control dial is at the top, the dial must be pushed in before the
vaporizer can be turned on.
At the rear is a locking lever that is connected to the control dial so
that the vaporizer cannot be turned on until it is locked on the
manifold.
At the bottom right front is a sight glass that shows the liquid agent
level in the vaporizing chamber.
41. When the dial is turned past zero, inflowing gas is split into
two streams by the rotary valve.
One stream is directed to the vaporizing chamber, the other
through the bypass.
42. The internal baffle system is designed to keep liquid from
reaching the outlet if the vaporizer is tipped or inverted.
When the concentration dial is in the zero position, all of the gas
from the flowmeters bypasses the vaporizer through the select a
tec bar.
43. Gas flowing through the bypass flows down one side of the
vaporizer and past the thermostat,which is bimetallic strip in the
base.
As the temperature in the vaporizer decreases,the thermostat
permits less gas flow through the bypass so that more gas passes
through the vaporizing chamber.
44. From the thermostat, gas flows up the other side of the
vaporizer and near the outlet joins the gas that has passed
through the vaporizing chamber.
Gas flowing to the vaporizing chamber first passes through
the central part of the rotary valve after which it is directed
through a helical channel then past a spiral wick that is in
contact with the wick skirt, which dips into the liquid agent.
45. Gas with vapour leaves the vaporizing chamber via a channel in
the concentration dial rotary valve and flows to the outlet.
46. Benefits of TEC 5:
Helical IPPV assemble to minimize effects of positive
pressure ventilation.
Volatile Agent capacity increased from 125ml to 300ml
One Handed Dial and more obvious off position
Internal Baffle system designed to prevent liquid from
reaching the outlet if vaporizer is tipped or inverted.
47. Tec 5 vaporizers are available with either of two filling
devices:
Keyed system
Funnel fill
Funnel Fill System
Vaporizer Components
The vaporizer filling components include a funnel and cap.
When the cap is removed, liquid can be poured into the
vaporizing chamber through the funnel.
When the full level is reached, liquid will accumulate in the
funnel, and no more liquid will enter the vaporizer.
A funnel-fill vaporizer can be converted to an agent-specific
keyed filling system by the addition of an adaptor that
screws into the vaporizer filler.
48. Bottle Component
A color-coded adaptor is available to aid the filling process.
At one end is a connector with a screw thread to match the
thread on the bottle and a skirt that extends beyond the
screw threads.
It has slots that match the projections on the bottle collar.
The adaptor for a different agent than the adaptor is
intended for will not screw on either because of different
threads or bottle opening size or because the projections
will not line up with the slots on the adaptor.
49. Filling Procedure
The filler cap is removed by turning it counterclockwise.
Agent is poured into the filling port until the level reaches
the full mark.
The level may fall slightly as the wicks absorb the agent.
The filler cap is then securely replaced.
Draining Procedure
To drain the vaporizer, a container is placed under the drain.
Removing the filling cap will usually speed drainage.
The mechanism for opening the drain varies with the
vaporizer. After draining is complete, the drain plug should
be replaced and tightened to minimize leaks.
50. Keyed Filling System
The keyed filling system has been used by many
manufacturers for a variety of anesthetic agent
Vaporizer Component
The vaporizer filler receptacle (filler socket or block,
vaporizer filler unit) permits only the intended bottle
adaptor to be inserted.
The receptacle should be sealed when the bottle adaptor is
not inserted.
A metal filler block (plug) may be used.
There may be a single port for both filling and draining or
two ports, the upper one for filling and the lower one for
draining .
51. Bottle Component
Each bottle of liquid anesthetic has a color-coded collar
attached securely at the neck .
The colors are red for halothane, orange for enflurane,
purple for isoflurane, and yellow for sevoflurane.
These colors are also used on the bottle labels.
Bottle adaptors are also color coded. At one end, the
adaptor has a connector with a screw thread to match
the thread on the bottle and a skirt that extends beyond
the screw threads and has slots that match the
projections on the bottle collar.
At the other end is the male connector that fits into the
vaporizer filler receptacle.
52.
53. Filling
To fill a vaporizer, the cap from the bottle is removed, and
the bottle adaptor is screwed to the bottle until tight.
If the connection is not tight, the vaporizer may be
overfilled or a leak may occur.
The vaporizer should be turned OFF before proceeding
further. The plug, if present, is removed. The bottle
component is then inserted with the groove matching that
on the vaporizer receptacle.
During insertion, the bottle should be below the inlet level.
After the filler block is inserted, the retaining device is
tightened, and the fill valve (vent) is opened.
The bottle is then held higher than the filler receptacle so
that liquid enters the vaporizer
Gentle up-and-down motion may help to clear air bubbles
and facilitate filling
54. Draining
To drain the vaporizer, the bottle adaptor is attached to an
appropriate bottle.
In the dual-port filler, the bottom socket is used.
The filler plug is removed, the male adaptor inserted, and
the retaining device tightened.
The bottle is held below the receptacle, and the drain
(spool) valve is opened.
After the vaporizer is drained, the drain valve is closed, the
retaining device loosened, and the bottle adaptor removed.
The filler plug should be reinserted and the retaining device
tightened
55. Evaluation of Tec 5 Vaporisers
Accuracy is maximum at a flow of 5lit/min with a dial setting
<3%.
Greatest accuracy is between 15˚ and 35˚c
<15˚C output will be less
>35˚C output will be high
Prone to Increase in output due to pumping effect
Carrier Gas Composition effects the output
At low flows output is less if air or nitrous oxide is used as
compared to when oxygen is used
56. Maintenance:
The exterior of the vaporizer may be wiped with a damp
cloth.
The vaporizer should be drained every 2 weeks or when the
level is low.
The vaporizer should be returned to a service center every 3
years.
57. Hazards:
If the locking lever is partially loose or the filling port open, there
will be a gas leak.
Tilting the vaporizer can result in overfilling
Reversed flow through the vaporizer results in increased output.
58. References:
1.Dorsch and Dorsch: Understanding Anaesthesia
equipment;5th edition.
2.Wards
3.Barash Clinical Anesthesia;7th edition.
4.Chakravarti S, Basu S. Modern anaesthesia vaporizers.
Indian J Anaesth 2013;57:464-71.
5.Internet references.