The document discusses values and attitudes. It defines values as qualities or ideas that people feel strongly about and that affect decisions and behavior. Values guide actions and judgments. The document contrasts immature values, which are unclear, with mature values, which provide purpose and direction. It also discusses how values are shaped by different influences over one's lifetime and can change with experience. The document then defines attitudes as evaluations of entities that are less stable than values. Attitudes have cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. They influence job satisfaction, involvement, and commitment. The document explains how attitudes can change to reduce discomfort and how attitudes are sometimes inferred after behavior.

1. Presented By: - Nida Afzal
Sunil Pandey

2. 
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Qualities, characteristics, or ideas about
which we feel strongly.
Our values affect our decisions, goals and
behavior.
A belief or feeling that someone or
something is worthwhile.

3. 
Values define what is of worth, what is
beneficial, and what is harmful

Values are standards to guide your action,
judgments, and attitudes

4. 
Immaturity:
◦
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Unclear values
Drifters
Flighty (irresponsible)
Uncertain
Apathetic

Maturity
◦ Clear values
◦ Life of purpose
◦ Meaning and
direction

5. 
Values give direction and consistency to
behavior.

Values help you know what to and not to make
time for.

Values establish a relationship between you and
the world.

Values set the direction for one’s life.

6. 
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our homes,
school,
society,
friends,
TV,
Temple/church,
music,
books,
families,

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culture,
employers,
time-period

7. 
Ages 1-7 --- parents

Ages 8-13 --- teachers, heroes (sports, rocks,
TV)

Ages 14-20 --- peers (values because of peers
or peers because of values?)

Ages 21+ your values are established, but you
may test your values from time to time.

8. 
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Happiness comes from letting values decide
your behavior and goals.
Values can change over a life-time as your
experiences change your view.

9. “It’s not doing things
right,
but doing the right
things. “

12. A psychological tendency that is expressed by
evaluating a particular entity with some
degree of favor or disfavor *
Attitudes are much less stable than
Values
* From: Eagley and Chaiken (1993). The Psychology of Attitudes.

13. ◦ Three Components
 Cognitive –the value component (killing is wrong)
 Affective –An emotional component (I am angry at the
terrorists)
 Behavioral-the action component, the intent to act in a
certain way. (Give blood, prayer vigil)

14. 
Attitudes affect the way you do your job and
how you relate to others.

15. 
Job Satisfaction◦ What do I think about working here

Job Involvement◦ Linking job with self worth

Organizational commitment
◦ Do I identify with the organization and its goals

16. 
Attitudes change to fit circumstances

Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Individual will attempt to reduce or eliminate
differences between attitudes or between
attitude and behavior and thus reduce
discomfort if:

17. 
Difference is important

They have some control in the reduction

Social pressure to conform isn’t too great

Difference isn’t reinforced by personal
experience

18. Attitudes are used, after the fact to make sense
out of an action that has already occurred.

19. 
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If your attitudes are well established, you will
use them to guide your behavior
If your attitudes are not well established, you
will infer your attitudes from the prior
behavior.