The document provides information about World War 1, including the key countries involved on both sides of the war and some of the major events and battles that took place. It discusses the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary versus the Allied Powers like France, Britain, Russia and later the US. Some of the major battles covered include the Marne, where the Allies stopped the German advance on Paris, and the Somme, which resulted in heavy British casualties. The document also discusses the entry of the US into the war, the end of Germany's war efforts, and the eventual Treaty of Versailles that formalized Germany's surrender but has been criticized for punishing Germany harshly.

1. Quiz # 8
1.1. Name (2) of the main countries on the Central PowersName (2) of the main countries on the Central Powers
2.2. Name (2) of the main countries on the Allied powers.Name (2) of the main countries on the Allied powers.
3.3. Austria-Hungarian who was assassinated in Serbia.Austria-Hungarian who was assassinated in Serbia.
4.4. The name of the assassin who shot the Archduke and his wifeThe name of the assassin who shot the Archduke and his wife
(refers to question # 3).(refers to question # 3).
5.5. Who is the country of Serbia's “biggest” friend? (country)Who is the country of Serbia's “biggest” friend? (country)
6.6. Name of the early tactical offensive used against France andName of the early tactical offensive used against France and
Russia S PRussia S P
7.7. Name the neutral country that Germany invaded in order toName the neutral country that Germany invaded in order to
quickly strike at France. (B)quickly strike at France. (B)
8-11. Name the four long-term causes for the breakout of WWI.8-11. Name the four long-term causes for the breakout of WWI.

2. RecapRecap

3. CH.19CH.19
(Sec. 1–3)(Sec. 1–3)

4. Trench Warfare
Systematic ditches where opposing enemies
fought each other

5. TheThe Western FrontWestern Front (1914 – 1916)(1914 – 1916)
Back and Forth stalemate!Back and Forth stalemate!
 MarneMarne == Allies stopAllies stop
German advance onGerman advance on
Paris.Paris.
 YpresYpres == Germans useGermans use
chemical weapons for thechemical weapons for the
first time.first time.
 VerdunVerdun == French holdFrench hold
the line, in the longestthe line, in the longest
battle of the War.battle of the War.
 SommeSomme == DisastrousDisastrous
British offensive. MostBritish offensive. Most
casualtiescasualties in 1-day.in 1-day.
MarneMarne
YpesYpes
VerduneVerdune
SommeSomme

6. The Eastern Front (1914 – 1917)
Russian Defensive war
 TannenbergTannenberg,, (Aug. 1914)
= Huge Russian advanceHuge Russian advance
blocked by Germany.blocked by Germany.
 One asset of Russia:One asset of Russia:
large populationlarge population
 Germany: knock RussiaGermany: knock Russia
w/in 3 years out of warw/in 3 years out of war

8. Americans Question NeutralityAmericans Question Neutrality
Let’s go to War!!!!!..... ummmm……but why should we?
 WWI was being fought 3,000 miles across the Atlantic Ocean.
 War did not directly threaten American lives or property.
 Public opinion was strong / but divided.

9. 1. Economic ties favored
Allies
 U.S. trade with more
than (x2) Germany’s.
 Ties to former country
(German, Irish).
 Britain - Shared a common
ancestry,
 Germany mistreating
“helpless” Belgium.
REASONS for US joining the war

10. The War hits homeThe War hits home
 2. The British Blockade2. The British Blockade ==
Prevented American goodsPrevented American goods
from getting to Germany.from getting to Germany.
 3. Lusitania3. Lusitania = One of the worstOne of the worst
disasters, a British Liner wasdisasters, a British Liner was
destroyed off the coast of Ireland.destroyed off the coast of Ireland.
1,198 persons lost ~1,198 persons lost ~ 128 Americans128 Americans..
 The “Arabic” sunk. 2 ~ Americans
drowned.
 French Passenger Steamer “Sussex”
(1916) sunk.
~ 80 persons lost, some Americans.
Led to US undeclared naval warfare

11. 4.4. Zimmermann noteZimmermann note =
Secret telegram fromSecret telegram from
Germany to Mexico.Germany to Mexico.
1.1. Proposed an alliance withProposed an alliance with
Mexico,Mexico,
2.2. Promised lost land fromPromised lost land from
USUS
5.5. Russia becomesRussia becomes
DemocraticDemocratic

12. US declare WAR !!
 April 2, 1917

13.  America MobilizesAmerica Mobilizes:
 .
 Selective ServiceSelective Service
ActAct = required menrequired men
to register with theto register with the
government ingovernment in
order to beorder to be
randomly selectedrandomly selected
for military service.for military service.

14. General John J. PershingGeneral John J. Pershing
= led the American Expeditionary ForceAmerican Expeditionary Force (AEF) inin
combat training /combat training /

15.  Convoy SystemConvoy System = a heavy guarda heavy guard
of destroyers escorts merchantof destroyers escorts merchant
ships back and forth across theships back and forth across the
Atlantic in groups.Atlantic in groups.
DestroyersDestroyers
CruisersCruisers
MerchantsMerchants

16.  War Industries BoardWar Industries Board companies to use mass productioncompanies to use mass production
techniques, standard products, set quotas, and allocate raw materials.techniques, standard products, set quotas, and allocate raw materials.

17. War EconomyWar Economy
 National War Labor BoardNational War Labor Board pushed topushed to
improve factory conditions: 8 – hourimprove factory conditions: 8 – hour
work day, safety inspections, andwork day, safety inspections, and
enforced the child labor ban.enforced the child labor ban.

18.  PropagandaPropaganda = biasedbiased
communication designed tocommunication designed to
influence people’s thoughtsinfluence people’s thoughts
and actions.and actions.

19. WomenWomen
 Replace men at workforceReplace men at workforce

21. Ch.19Ch.19
WWIWWI
(Sec. 2 + 4)(Sec. 2 + 4)

22. New WeaponsNew Weapons
 TanksTanks
 AirplanesAirplanes
 U-boatU-boat

23. Cont.
 ZeppelinsZeppelins
 Machine GunsMachine Guns
 (firing at a rate of 600+
rounds per minute).
 Poison Gas /Poison Gas /
Gas MasksGas Masks

24. American Troops go on theAmerican Troops go on the
OffensiveOffensive
 Russia pulls outRussia pulls out of the
War in (1917).(1917).
 Germany shifts fromGermany shifts from
EastEast  West.West.

25. U.S. mounts
(2) major
offenses:
Saint – Mihiel
& Meuse –
Argonne
forest.

26. The Point of No Return:
WarWarWarWar

27. The Collapse of GermanyThe Collapse of Germany
 Austria – Hungary
surrenders to the
Allies (Nov. 3, 1918)
 Germany signs
an Armistice
(cease fire
agreement /
truce).
 (Nov. 11, 1918)

28. The “Big Four” (4)
 France = Georges
Clemenceau
 Britain = David Lloyd
George
 Italy = Vittorio
Orlando
 U.S. = Woodrow
Wilson
 Russia = Czar Nicholas
Romanov
 German= Kaiser William II

29. Wilson Fights for PeaceWilson Fights for Peace
 ““Fourteen Points”Fourteen Points”
 1. No secret1. No secret
treaties amongtreaties among
nationsnations.
 2. Freedom of Seas.2. Freedom of Seas.
 3. Free Trade.3. Free Trade.
 4. Reduction of4. Reduction of
armsarms
 5. Adjustment of5. Adjustment of
colonial claimscolonial claims

30.  (6 – 13):(6 – 13):
BoundaryBoundary
ChangesChanges – self
determination
 14. A14. A League ofLeague of
NationsNations ==
internationalinternational
organization toorganization to
settle disputessettle disputes
and preventand prevent
future war.future war.

31. ““Treaty of Versailles” (June 28, 1919)Treaty of Versailles” (June 28, 1919)
 Established newEstablished new
nations:nations:
 Poland
 Czechoslovakia
 Yugoslavia
 Austria and Hungary
divided into two small
nation
 Took land from
Russia
 Finland
 Lithuania
 Estonia

33.  Germany can’t
maintain an Army.
 Germany losses
land- given to
France
 Germany stripped
of all colonial
possessions

34.  Germany has to
pay war
Reparations =
War damages
($33 billion
worth).
 .

35.  War Guilt Clause
= Forced
Germany to
admit sole
responsibility for
starting WWI.

36. Treaty’s WeaknessesTreaty’s Weaknesses
 Humiliated Germany.
 Russia was not
included in the Treaty
and they lost land

Other allied
members: Japan was
ignored

38. The Final Toll:The Final Toll:
 Estimated 22 millionEstimated 22 million
deaths (more than ½deaths (more than ½
civilians)civilians)
 20 million wounded20 million wounded
 10 million refugees.10 million refugees.
 $338 Billion in$338 Billion in
economic costs.economic costs.
 U.S. losses:
 48,000 men in battle.
 62,000 dying from
diseases.
 200,000+ wounded. U.S.U.S.

39. Russia
RussiaRussia
PolandPoland CzechCzech RomaniaRomania
Examples:Examples:

40. ActivityActivity
 Using a “German” point of view on the WWI.
 Review and examine the “Treaty of Versailles”
 Students will construct a (5) sentence paragraph
(complete & detailed), by referencing the major
points & weaknesses listed in the “Treaty of
Versailles”. Was it Fair or Unfair?
 WRITE UR NAME ON UR SECTIONWRITE UR NAME ON UR SECTION
PLS : )PLS : )

41. Points to Ponder:
 Did Germany start the war? NODid Germany start the war? NO
 Was Germany the only country fighting on the centralWas Germany the only country fighting on the central
powers? NOPE.powers? NOPE.
 Why were they the only ones punished badly? (payingWhy were they the only ones punished badly? (paying
money, lossing land, admitting guilt, being humilitated)money, lossing land, admitting guilt, being humilitated)
 Germany did in fact though, cause most of the alliedGermany did in fact though, cause most of the allied
casualties… YEScasualties… YES
 Germany invaded Belgium early on to attack France…Germany invaded Belgium early on to attack France…
YESYES
 War was a result of an Austria assassination by aWar was a result of an Austria assassination by a
Serbian…. No Germans (it was Austria vs. Serbia)Serbian…. No Germans (it was Austria vs. Serbia)