The document provides background information on the road to World War 1, including the rise of nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances in Europe. This led to increased competition and tensions between European powers like Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Britain, Russia, and Italy. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist triggered a series of events that caused the major European powers to take sides and enter into World War 1.

1. The Great WarThe Great War
Chapter 29Chapter 29

2. I. Road to World WarI. Road to World War
NationalismNationalism
 Positive effect = unity within a countryPositive effect = unity within a country
 Negative effect = competition with otherNegative effect = competition with other
nationsnations
• Europe’s Great Powers- France,Europe’s Great Powers- France,
Germany, Austria-Hungary, GreatGermany, Austria-Hungary, Great
Britain, Russia, and Italy were rivalsBritain, Russia, and Italy were rivals

3.  ImperialismImperialism
• The competition for over-seas colonies ledThe competition for over-seas colonies led
to mistrust and competition and near warto mistrust and competition and near war
 MilitarismMilitarism- the policy of having a large,- the policy of having a large,
strong army that was prepared for war bystrong army that was prepared for war by
being able to quickly mobilizedbeing able to quickly mobilized
• European Arms Race- belief that to beEuropean Arms Race- belief that to be
truly great you had to have a large militarytruly great you had to have a large military
• Made citizens feel patriotic and foreignersMade citizens feel patriotic and foreigners
frightenedfrightened

4. AlliancesAlliances
 Designed to help keep peace inDesigned to help keep peace in
Europe, but would push everyoneEurope, but would push everyone
into warinto war
 Triple AllianceTriple Alliance (Bismarck)=(Bismarck)=
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and ItalyGermany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
(Goal to unify against future French(Goal to unify against future French
aggression)aggression)
 They also signed a treaty withThey also signed a treaty with
RussiaRussia

5. II. Kaiser Wilhelm IIII. Kaiser Wilhelm II
 Built a strong German army;Built a strong German army;
forced Bismarck to resignforced Bismarck to resign
 Allowed the treaty with Russia to lapse.Allowed the treaty with Russia to lapse.
• Russia aligned with France out of fearRussia aligned with France out of fear
 wanted a powerful navy (better thanwanted a powerful navy (better than
Britain's)Britain's)
• Britain aligned through an agreementBritain aligned through an agreement
(entente) with France in 1907 that they(entente) with France in 1907 that they
would not fight each other, then signedwould not fight each other, then signed
one with Russiaone with Russia

6. Two Sets of AlliancesTwo Sets of Alliances
Triple AllianceTriple Alliance
GermanyGermany
Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary
ItalyItaly
Triple EntenteTriple Entente
EnglandEngland
FranceFrance
RussiaRussia
Some of these had additional alliances with other nations that eventually
bound them together…Example: Russia with Serbia

7. The BalkansThe Balkans
 Eastern Europe; formerEastern Europe; former
parts of the Ottomanparts of the Ottoman
Empire that had gainedEmpire that had gained
independenceindependence
 Problem-Problem- Slavic peopleSlavic people werewere
spread throughout thespread throughout the
regionregion
 SerbiansSerbians sought to join allsought to join all
Slavic people into oneSlavic people into one
nation (nation (RussiaRussia supported)supported)
 Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary held lots ofheld lots of
land made of Slavs andland made of Slavs and
SerbiaSerbia wanted it!!!wanted it!!!
 Both vowed to fight ifBoth vowed to fight if
necessary!necessary!

8. The shot….The shot….
 Serbians in BosniaSerbians in Bosnia
wanted the Austro-wanted the Austro-
Hungarians outHungarians out
 June 28, 1914- HeirJune 28, 1914- Heir
to the throneto the throne
((Archduke FranzArchduke Franz
FerdinandFerdinand) and his) and his
wife visited thewife visited the
capitalcapital
 A 19 year old,A 19 year old,
Serbian member ofSerbian member of
the Black Handthe Black Hand
group shot & killedgroup shot & killed
themthem

9.  Austria blamed Serbia & sent themAustria blamed Serbia & sent them
demands to avoid wardemands to avoid war
 Serbia accepted most, but Austria-Serbia accepted most, but Austria-
Hungary still declared warHungary still declared war
 Because of their alliance, RussiaBecause of their alliance, Russia
declared war on Austria-Hungarydeclared war on Austria-Hungary

10. Chapter 29Chapter 29
Sections 3 & 4Sections 3 & 4
A GlobalA Global
ConflictConflict

11. Review from YesterdayReview from Yesterday
 CausesCauses
• MilitarismMilitarism
• Alliance SystemAlliance System
• NationalismNationalism
• Assassination of Archduke FerdinandAssassination of Archduke Ferdinand
 SidesSides
• Allies: Great Britain, France, RussiaAllies: Great Britain, France, Russia
• Central Powers: Austria-Hungary,Central Powers: Austria-Hungary,
GermanyGermany

12. How wwI Affected tHe world
 During the middle of the war things reallyDuring the middle of the war things really
started to slow down (stalemate)started to slow down (stalemate)
 Those major countries (who had beenThose major countries (who had been
fighting from the beginning) were lookingfighting from the beginning) were looking
for other countries to join in the fight tofor other countries to join in the fight to
tip the balances.tip the balances.
 The war spread from EuropeThe war spread from Europe
• Gallipoli Campaign – a fight in the DardanellesGallipoli Campaign – a fight in the Dardanelles
• Battles in Asia and AfricaBattles in Asia and Africa
• America joins the fightAmerica joins the fight

13. America enters WWIAmerica enters WWI
 When – 1917When – 1917
 Why –Why –
• Unrestricted Submarine WarfareUnrestricted Submarine Warfare
 Definition: sinking all ships in the Atlantic w/oDefinition: sinking all ships in the Atlantic w/o
warning the ships.warning the ships.
 LusitainiaLusitainia and theand the SussexSussex
• Zimmerman NoteZimmerman Note
 Telegram being sent by the Germans to the MexicansTelegram being sent by the Germans to the Mexicans
that was intercepted by the Britishthat was intercepted by the British
 Contents: If you attack America, we will help you getContents: If you attack America, we will help you get
territoryterritory
 Results – Tips the balance of the warResults – Tips the balance of the war

14. How wwI Affected tHose left
At Home
 Because this conflict involved so manyBecause this conflict involved so many
countries and lasted so much longer thancountries and lasted so much longer than
it was first thought a new mentality wasit was first thought a new mentality was
used on the home-front: Total Warused on the home-front: Total War
 Total WarTotal War: when a country devotes ALL of: when a country devotes ALL of
its resources to winning the warits resources to winning the war
• Factories made war supplies, not consumerFactories made war supplies, not consumer
itemsitems
• All people became employed at somethingAll people became employed at something
• Rationing – buy and use only small amounts ofRationing – buy and use only small amounts of
the certain itemsthe certain items
 ““Meatless Mondays” / “Wheatless Wednesdays”Meatless Mondays” / “Wheatless Wednesdays”

15. World War I ConcludesWorld War I Concludes
 The War began to draw to a closeThe War began to draw to a close
• WhyWhy
 USA joined the fight (Remember – tippedUSA joined the fight (Remember – tipped
the scales)the scales)
 Russia jumped out of WW I earlyRussia jumped out of WW I early
• Russian Revolution (1917)Russian Revolution (1917)
• MASSIVE loss of lifeMASSIVE loss of life
• Treaty of Brest-LitovskTreaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Communism takes controlCommunism takes control
 German people were tired of fightingGerman people were tired of fighting
 Ending Date – November 1918Ending Date – November 1918

16. Statsof WWIStatsof WWI
Deaths of WWI
France, 1.3
USA, 0.1 Great Britain,
0.9
Russia, 1.7
Germany, 1.8Austria-
Hungary, 1.2
Others, 0.9

17. Treaty of Versailles:Treaty of Versailles:
A Flawed PeaceA Flawed Peace
 A peace conference was set to takeA peace conference was set to take
place in Versailles France (not farplace in Versailles France (not far
from Paris)from Paris)
 There were 4 major countries whoThere were 4 major countries who
were involved in this meeting:were involved in this meeting:
• Woodrow Wilson, USAWoodrow Wilson, USA
• David Lloyd George, Great BritainDavid Lloyd George, Great Britain
• Georges Clemenceau, FranceGeorges Clemenceau, France
• Vittorio Orlando, ItalyVittorio Orlando, Italy

18. Treaty of Versailles:Treaty of Versailles:
A Flawed PeaceA Flawed Peace
 Major ProvisionsMajor Provisions
1)1) League of NationsLeague of Nations – peace organization,– peace organization,
Germany excludedGermany excluded
2)2) Territorial LossesTerritorial Losses – Germany loses all of its– Germany loses all of its
overseas territories, and land gained duringoverseas territories, and land gained during
the warthe war
3)3) Military RestrictionsMilitary Restrictions – Germany was– Germany was
limited in the size of army, navy, and airlimited in the size of army, navy, and air
forces that they could maintain.forces that they could maintain.
4)4) War GuiltWar Guilt – Germany had to assume TOTAL– Germany had to assume TOTAL
guilt for causing the war, and was forced toguilt for causing the war, and was forced to
pay $33 billion in war debt over the next 30pay $33 billion in war debt over the next 30
years.*years.*
(*Hitler would refer to this when he gained power in the coming years)(*Hitler would refer to this when he gained power in the coming years)

19.  Propaganda:Propaganda:
Information spreadInformation spread
To advance a causeTo advance a cause
Or to damage anOr to damage an
Opponent’s cause.Opponent’s cause.