The document summarizes key inventions and innovations from the late 19th century that fueled industrialization in the United States. It describes: 1) Edwin Drake drilling the first commercial oil well in the 1850s, providing a major new fuel source that powered transportation and industry. 2) Bessemer process in the 1860s enabling mass production of stronger and cheaper steel, allowing skyscrapers and bridges to be built. 3) Thomas Edison's innovations in the late 1870s-1880s including the light bulb and first power company, though power could not be sent long distances yet. 4) George Westinghouse developing the first power system that could send electricity across many miles in the 1880

1. QUIZ Ch 12 S1

2. Chapter 14

3. Black Gold
• key commodity as a
fuel source
• Edwin L. Drake
drilled the first
commercial oil well
using steam engine.
• Major sources of energy from oil fueled a
revolution in transportation and
industry.

4. Making Steel
• The Bessemer
process (Henry
Bessemer)
– process of mass-
production
of steel from
molten pig iron.
• Durable, stronger,
cheaper, flexible,
does not rust

5. • Led to building skyscrapers, suspension
bridges.

6. Thomas Alva Edison
• more than 1,000
patents,
• Perfected the
incandescent light bulb
• Introduced the uses of
laboratory
• “Genius is one percent
inspiration and 99%
perspiration”
• created a power
company to distribute
electricity, but not over
long distances.

7. George Westinghouse
• built a power system that could send
electricity many miles across the
country.
• Safer and cheaper

8. Positive Results:
• Electric street cars
• Electric appliances
• Factories
everywhere
(instead of near
water)

9. Alexander Graham Bell
• Patented the first
telephone
• Led to advancement in
communication

10. Christopher Sholes
• American inventor
who invented the
first practical
typewriter and
the QWERTY
keyboard still in
use today

11. Change workforce: more jobs for women

12. • Change workforce: more jobs for women

13. Age of Railroad
• Central Pacific
– Sacramento, CA (West)
– Used Chinese laborers
– Obstacle: Mountains
• Union Pacific
– Nebraska (East)
– Used Irish immigrant laborers
– Only Great Plains ahead
• Met and joined railroad in
Promontory, Utah
• Completed on May 10, 1869

14. Time Zones
• C.F. Dowd (1884)
– Suggested 24 time
zones
– US has four major
time zones
• Central, Eastern,
Pacific, Mountain

15. George Pullman
• American inventor
• First sleeping car
• First hotel on wheels