Causes and Effects of Imperialism in Africa, India, and Southeast Asia

OBJECTIVE:
- Student will analyze the cause and
effects of imperialism in Africa, India,
and Southeast Asia

Imperialism
• Imperialism is the
quest for colonial
empires
• Policy of
stronger nation
to dominate
weaker nation
– Great Britain- “The
sun never sets on
the British
Empire”

Congo:
Nigeria:
South Africa:
Berlin Conference:
Major sources::
Three motives behind European colonization
Technological advances Europeans had over Africa
Positive Effects Negative Effects
Imperialism –
quest for
colonial
empire-taking
weaker nations

How did Imperialism Begin?
Industrial revolution:
- Birthplace:
England
- Manufacturing
process
transition to:
- Machines
- Factories
- New inventions
- Textile
- Steam power

Industrial nation
sought:
• Raw materials
• Natural resources
• New market

Social Darwinist Thinking
The Hierarchy
of Race- superiority of Anglo-
Saxon
Belief that whites are SUPERIOR

Religious Interest
To Christianize and civilize the world
The White Man’s Burden = the alleged duty of white
colonizers to care for nonwhite indigenous subjects in their
colonial possessions.

Europe - Superior Technology
• Weapons
• Steamships
• Railroad,
cables,
• quinine to
protect
from
malaria

African Imperialism
• Africa prime target in
19th century
• Rich in natural
resources, provided
new markets.

I contend that we Britons are the
first race in the world, and them
more of the world we inhabit, the
better it is for the human race. It
is my duty to God and my country
to paint the whole map of Africa
red (Britain color)
Englishman became rich in
diamond mine in South
Africa – gained colony for
Britain

Congo:
Nigeria:
South Africa:
Berlin Conference:
?
Major sources::
Cecile Rhodes-
British owned
numerous diamond
mine- The more of us
in the world- the
better for the human
race
Imperialism –
quest for
colonial
empire-taking
weaker nations

Strike an enemy once
and for all. Let him
cease to exist as a
tribe or he will live to
fly in your throat
again.
Shaka Zulu –
leader of Zulu
Kingdom

Congo:
Nigeria:
South Africa:
Berlin Conference:
Major sources::
Shaka Zulu – Zulu
kingdom- Strike an
enemy once and for
all. Or he will live to
fly in your throat
again.
Cecile Rhodes-
British owned
numerous diamond
in the world- the
race
Imperialism –
quest for
colonial
empire-taking
weaker nations

1. What country
is being
depicted in the
cartoon?
2. What is the
country being
depicted as?
And why?
3. Name at least 4
countries that
it took.

According to the map, which nation is controlling

The sun never sets on the British
Empire

Reason for the nickname “ jewel in the crown”
Causes Effects
East India Company
gains control of India
British establish a
railroad network in
India
Villagers are no longer
self-sufficient, food
production declines and
famine sets in
The Sepoy Mutiny
occurs and uprisings
spread over much of
northern India
Indians form Indian National
Congress and then the
Muslim League, which
eventually call for self-
government
British partition
Bengal into Hindu
and Muslim sections
Dutch East India Company
Major productsLands Claimed Impact of Colonization
British
Lands Claimed Immigration Policy Impact of Colonization
French
Methods of Management Impact of ColonizationLands Claimed
Lands Claimed
Americans
Methods of Management Impact of Colonization

• East India Company set up trading post: Bombay, Calcutta,
Madras
• Mughal Dynasty grew weak- company took control
• Hired own army “sepoy”, defeated Indian forces at Battle of
Plassey

Causes Effects
East India Company
British establish a
railroad network in
India
famine sets in
The Sepoy Mutiny
spread over much of
northern India
government
British partition
Bengal into Hindu
and Muslim sections
British
French
Lands Claimed
Americans
• East India Company set up trading
post: Mughal Dynasty grew weak
• Company defeated Indian forces at
Battle of Plassey

• British forced sepoy
(Indian soldiers) to open
gunpowder cartridges
with mouth- greased
with pig and cow fat
• Sepoy refused due to
religion (Muslim and
Hindu)- Rebel
• British sent troops to aid
company
• Effects:
• British government
assumed control
• Racism and mutual
distrust increased

Causes Effects
East India Company
British establish a
railroad network in
India
famine sets in
The Sepoy Mutiny
spread over much of
northern India
government
British partition
Bengal into Hindu
and Muslim sections
British
French
Lands Claimed
Americans
Battle of Plassey
British government
assumed control
Racism and mutual
distrust increased

Causes Effects
East India Company
British establish a
railroad network in
India
famine sets in
The Sepoy Mutiny
spread over much of
northern India
government
British partition
Bengal into Hindu
and Muslim sections
British
French
Lands Claimed
Americans
Battle of Plassey
British government
assumed control
Racism and mutual
distrust increased
Malacca, Java,
Sumatra, Borneo,
Celebes, Moluccas,
Bali, Indonesia

 China had little interest with European products
 Already self-sufficient
 Does not want technology (believes it to be evil and unnecessary)
 Begun smuggling opium
 Qing emperor plead
England to stop
 England refused
 Led to OPIUM WAR
 China humiliated in
defeat
 Signed treaty of
Nanjing
 Britain needed to find product China will buy in large
quantity

Internal problem
• Opium addiction rose
• Hunger widespread
Led to Taiping Rebellion
• Massive peasant army-
one million)
• Resulted in British/French
and Qing emperor
crushing the rebellion
• 20 million died

 Sphere of influence= area
where foreign nation control
trade

 Open Door Policy: policy of
allowing all nations access to
trade in China

• US – sent Matthew Perry
• Brought 4 massive black wooden ships powered
by steam engine (had canons inside)
• Awed Japanese

• Signed Treaty of Kanagawa
• opened 2 ports for US
• Japan granted other foreigners and open
several ports

Russo-Japanese War
• Japan offered to
recognize Russia’s
rights in Manchuria in
the Russians would
agree to stay out of
Korea
• Russia refused
• Japan launched
surprised attack on
Russian ships

• US intervened
• Theodore Roosevelt
drafted peace treaty
between Russia and
Japan
• Gave Japan captured
territories
• Forced Russia to
withdraw from
Manchuria and stay
out of Korea

Expansionism
USexpandingterritorialbaseandeconomicinfluence

1. Economic Interest
U.S. Foreign Investments-
Need fornew market
Need forraw materials

3. Social Darwinist Thinking
The Hierarchy
of Race- superiority of Anglo-
Saxon

4. Religious Interest
To Christianize and civilize the world

2. Military/Strategic Interests
Alfred T.
Mahan- urged
US to build
naval power to
compete with
other nation
Wanted naval
base in Pacific
and Caribbean

1867
Propose toPurchse
Alaska fromRussia
for$7.2 million

* Alaska, however,
turned out to be
rich in fish,
gold,
copper,
timber, oil
and coal.
The
Trans-Alaska Pipel
transports oil,
Alaska's most
important export..
It runs 800 miles,
from the Arctic
Ocean to the Gulf

• Strategic location
for a base

America takes
over
• Organized a revolt
• Overthrew
the Queen
• Sanford Dole
became president
of Hawaii

•Hawaii was annexedin 1898
“Another Shotgun Wedding”
A woman (Hawaii) and Uncle Sam are
getting married, kneeling before the minister
(Pres. McKinley) who is reading from a
book entitled "Annexation Policy". The
bride seems ready to bolt.

Well, I hardly
know which to
take first!

Spanish governor of
Cuba used brutal
tactics against the
Cubans. He was
responsible for
detaining over 500,000
Cubans and killing
over 100,000.
* Americans sympathized
with the Cuban desire for
freedom.

·U. S . sent the battleship USS Maine to Cuba to protect
American citizens and property.

· An explosion destroyed the Maine killing 260 U.S. sailors.

· Yellow Journalism- exaggerated headlines

·Spain was accused of destroying the Maine, even though it
has never been proven.
·On April 25, 1898,
Congress declare War on
Spain

The Spanish-American War (1898):
“That Splendid Little War”
Fighting starts in
Philippines- major
Spanish fleet
located

Commodore George Dewey
Destroy the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay

US – attack in the Caribbean Island
US-
Invaded
Cuba

Treaty of Paris - 1898
•USdefeatsSpain
& becomesa
world power
•USmustdecide
whattodoaboutits
newlywoncolonies
(Phillipines,Puerto
Rico,andCuba,
Guam)

“School Begins” - In the back of the classroom students representing
California, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and Alaska are quietly
reading. In the front row are boys representing the Philippines, Puerto
Rico, Cuba, and Hawaii looking as if they would rather not be there.

Latin America
• raw
materials/
strategically
important

Venezuela and British Guiana
border dispute
– gold was
found
– Asked US to
intervene-
– US
demanded
compromise-
– Britain
refused

Monroe Doctrine (1823)
US oppose
European
intervention
in affairs of
independent
nations

Roosevelt Corollary
• claimed the right of the U.S. to intervene in
Latin America to preserve law and order
• extension of the
Monroe Doctrine
•Policy of
“big stick”
•US as the
international
police

Panama Canal
•Reduce cost of
shipping
•Connects two oceans
•Colombia (owns
Panama ,offered $10m
+250,000 rental) refused
U.S. to build the
canal
•U.S. encouraged
the Panamanian to
revolt
•Sent USS Nashville; help
organize revolt
•Blockade Colombia

The Great White Fleet: 1907
• Roosevelt
demonstrated
US military
strength
• Send 16 battle
fleet around the
world
Speak Softly,
But Carry a Big
Stick!

Taft’s “Dollar
Diplomacy”
Improve financial
opportunities for American
businesses.
Use private capital to
further U. S. interests
overseas.
Therefore, the U.S.
should create stability and
order abroad that would
best promote US
commercial interests.

Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
The U. S. should
be the conscience
of the world.
Spread democracy.
Promote peace.
Condemn colonialism.

Causes Effects
East India Company
British establish a
railroad network in
India
famine sets in
The Sepoy Mutiny
spread over much of
northern India
government
British partition
Bengal into Hindu
and Muslim sections
British
French
Lands Claimed
Americans
Battle of Plassey
British government
assumed control
Racism and mutual
distrust increased
Malacca, Java,
Sumatra, Borneo,
Celebes, Moluccas,
Bali, Indonesia
Guam, Philippines,
Puerto Rico, Hawaii

Congo:
Who took control?
What country?
How?
Pg 774
Nigeria:
How did British
took control of
Nigeria
Pg 781
South Africa:
Who controls it?
What resources was found
Outcome of Boer war
Pg 776-7
Berlin Conference:
What was the outcome?
Pg 776
Major sources::
List the major raw
materials and other
resources
Pg 776
Shaka Zulu – Zulu
kingdom- Strike an
enemy once and for
all. Or he will live to fly
in your throat again.
Cecile Rhodes-
British owned
numerous diamond
in the world- the
race
Pg 784

Congo:
Nigeria:
South Africa:
Berlin Conference:
Major sources::

Causes and Effects of Imperialism in Africa, India, and Southeast Asia

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