The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Civil War, including the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, and Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 which prompted several Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America. Sectional tensions over the issue of slavery and its expansion into new territories increased political polarization and ultimately led to the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861.

1. The Underground Railroad
CHAPTER 10

2. Compromiseof 1850
 California as free
state
 District of Columbia
will abolish slave
trade
 need fugitive slave
law
 Southwestern territory
open for slavery
 Decision under
popular sovereignty
(residents vote on
status of territory)
Henry Clay
Proposed:

3. Millard Fillmore
13th president
 Summer of 1850 Taylor died
 Congress accepted all terms of the
compromise
 Able to avert split

4.  Fugitive Slave Law
 Any black caught will
stand before a
commissioner not a
judge
 commissioner receive
$10 for capturing and
only $5 for freeing
 requires all citizens
to assist in
capturing fugitive
slaves
 anyone helping slaves
escape will be fine
$1000 or 6 months jail
 slaves escaped long
time can be captured
 free slaves can be
easily considered
fugitive

6.  Underground Railroad
 network of men and women
that helped slaves escape
from South to North
 slaves- passengers
 backcountry roads- tracks
 farm wagons- trains
 shelter- station
 Harriet Tubman
 escaped slave (Black
Moses)
 risked life to help others to
escape
 returned to save family
 $40,000 reward for her
capture

7. Harriet Beecher Stowe
 Wrote Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
 more than a million in
copies/some turned it into a
play
 Depicted haunted scenes and
images of slaves treatments;
 increase sectional tension

8. 1852 Presidential Election
Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale
Democrat Whig FreeSoil

9. Election of 1852
 Franklin Pierce
 14th President

10. The “Know-Nothings”
(Political party)
 Nativists
 Anti-Catholics
 Anti-immigrants

11.  Kansas-
Nebraska Act
1854
 Sen. Douglas
 Introduce a bill to
organize
Nebraska territory
 propose to divide
the territory
 repeal Missouri
Compromise
 applied popular
sovereignty

12. Battle for control  Missouri fear that slaves
would easily escape
crossing the border
 proslavery rushed to
Kansas
 Anti slavery rushed to
Kansas- fear proslavery
will claim land
 thousands proslavery
rushed to Kansas to vote
illegally winning a
landslide
 the antislavery and
proslavery formed their
own government
 two government in the
territory.

13. Bleeding Kansas
 Lawrence (city)-antislavery town
 proslavery looted and burned
houses/bldgs
 John Brown took vengeance for
Lawrence
 Killed 5 proslavery

14.  Sen. Charles
Summer made
speeches
denouncing
violence in Kansas
 Sen. Preston
attacked Summer
with a cane to his
head several times,
 Summer suffered
brain damage but
Preston was
showered with
cane (printed “hit
him again”
Sen. Charles Sumner Congr. Preston Brooks

16. 1856 Election
 Free Soiler Party-
 oppose extension of slavery
into territories
 Know-Nothing Party
 nativist- favor native born
people over immigrants
 Birth of Republican
 Whigs, Democrats and Free
Soiler joined
 Democrats
 supports popular sovereignty
and Kansas-Nebraska Act
 showed nation divided

17. 1856 Election Results
James Buchanan
15th President

18. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
 Scott- a slave taken a
free state then
returned to Missouri
(slave state)
 Suing for his freedom

19.  Does Scott has a right to
sue?
 is his residence in a free state
made him free?
 Court ruled “NO” to both
 Ruled: slaves have no rights
and can not become a US
citizen therefore cannot sue
 5th Amendment: no property
(slaves) can be taken from
their owner
 declare Missouri Compromise
Supreme Court Decision
Scott, you have no
right to sue. You’re not
a human being. You
are a property

20. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858
 Democrat
 Sen. Stephen Douglas
 “Little Giant”
 Defended popular
sovereignty
 Republican
 Abraham Lincoln -lawyer
 “Honest Abe”
 Argued for slavery to
cease

21. John Brown’s Raid
on Harper’s Ferry,
1859  led slaves in uprising
 With 16 men marched to federal
arsenal and seized its weapons
and waited for slaves to rise in
rebellion
 mistakes: few slaves lived in area-
others does not know Brown to
risk their life for
 Brown linger for two days- all
escape route was cut off
 He was capture with
his men then hanged
 many northerners saw
him as a martyr
 others think he was a
lunatic

22. 1860
Presidential
Election
Abraham Lincoln
Republican
JohnBell
Constitutional Union
Stephen A. Douglas
NorthernDemocrat
JohnC. Breckinridge
SouthernDemocrat

23. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

24. 1860 Election
 Abraham Lincoln
 16th President
 the only one elected
by a sectional party
entirely in the North

25.  southerners more convinced that their future was bleak-
 south only have 1/3 white male population will always be
outvoted
 the only way left was to SECEDE (withdraw)
 South Carolina- first to leave- Dec 20, 1860
SECESSION!!!

26.  formed Confederate
States
 stress sovereignty and
independence of each
state as well as slaves
held as property
 chose Jefferson Davis
as their president
 Six other southern states followed
 (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,
Mississippi, Texas)
 South Carolina
 Mississippi
 Florida
 Louisiana
 Alabama
 Georgia
 Texas

27.  Buchanan was a lame duck
 Can only watched the development
 Could do little until Lincoln as inaugurated