The Enlightenment promoted the use of reason and science to understand the world, influenced by thinkers like Locke and Newton. It advocated for religious tolerance in Britain and spread ideas through print culture. Voltaire, Diderot, and Beccaria used their writings to promote tolerance and reform unjust laws. Adam Smith advocated for free markets and criticized mercantilism. Montesquieu's ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances influenced the U.S. Constitution. Rousseau believed people were originally good but corrupted by society. Though most Enlightenment thinkers did not advocate for women's rights, salons run by women and works by Wollstonecraft began expanding women's role.

1. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentThe Enlightenmentand SocietyPage 550-558Page 564-575

2. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentObjectivesThe Formative influencesThe Enlightenment an societyAdam SmithThe Enlightenment and Political ThoughtWomen and the Enlightenment

3. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentThe Formative influencesLocke and NewtonBritish TolerationThe Print Culture

4. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentA. Locke and NewtonUse science, not ancient or medieval religion to explain the world. Reason, Rational thinking and science dominated the study of the natural worldNewton and laws of Gravity…etcLocke and tabula rasaMan is a blank slateHe is a product of his experiencesThis can be studies and shaped

5. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentB. British TolerationConstitutional Monarchy and Individual libertyMagna CartaPetition of RightHabeas CorpusEnglish Bill of RightsAdmired by all of Europe as most free

6. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentC. The Print CultureGuttenberg and the Printing PressLed to expansion of printed materialsEncouraged a literate cultureThe populaceAuthors as wellEncouraged new ideas

7. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentII. The Enlightenment an societyVoltaire The EncyclopediaBeccaria

8. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentA. VoltaireVoltaire was his pen name.Used his writings to campaign against intolerance, injustice and prejudice.Often is jailed for his criticisms of rulers.Admired British system of common law.Viewed reason as a divine force.

9. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentB. EncyclopediaDenis Diderot Created the First Encyclopedia.Wanted to collect all information from leading scholars and writers.Louis XV saw the book as a threat and and had it banned.Diderot continued to print other copies.Inspired Encyclopedia Britannica

10. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentC. BeccariaAttacked torture and capital punishmentSupported speedy trialsLaws should deter crime and ensure societal happiness

11. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentIII. Adam Smith (1723-1790)BackgroundCritic of mercantilismAdvocate of Free MarketsLaw of self interestLaw of CompetitionLaws of supply and demand

12. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentA. BackgroundBorn in ScotlandCollege ProfessorEthics, Philosophy and economicsThe Wealth of Nations, 1776Critic Of MercantilismAdvocated Free marketsLaissez Faire economicsPrivate property

13. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentB. Critic of MercantilismNations compete for wealthTaxes, regulations, tariffs and colonies protected marketsThe world is a zero sum gameMy gain is your loss

14. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentC. Advocate of Free MarketsWealth is created (non zero sum game)Law of self interestPeople act in their own self interestThe profit motivePower of incentives Free markets harness this…It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our own necessities but of their advantages.

15. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentC. Advocate of Free MarketsLaw of CompetitionForces producers to provide better products for a cheaper price.efficiencyInnovationLaws of supply and demandPrice systems direct market forcesHigh prices attract production and decrease demandLow prices attract demand and limit production

16. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentIV. The Enlightenment and Political ThoughtBaron de Montesquieu(1689-1755)Rousseau

17. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentA. Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)Charles de SecondatInherited title and wealthWrote Spirit of the lawsStudied British modelStill supported aristocracyHuge influence on MadisonSeparation of PowersChecks and Balances

18. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentSeparation of powersEach function of government should be dividedLegislative Branch: Write the lawsExecutive Branch: Enforce the lawsJudicial Branch: Interpret the LawsPrevents concentration of power“When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty;...”

19. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on Government

20. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentChecks and balancesEach branch must have the power to restrain the others.This is the power exercised between the branches“Power should be a check to power”

21. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on Government

22. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentB. Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)Wrote The Social ContractEccentric (Crazy)Believed man was good…Society corrupted himAlso advocated the Social ContractFreedom is obedience to laws you agree with

23. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentB. RousseauFocused on virtueEmphasized collective good versus individual interestAttacked the emphasis on the individual found in other writers

24. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentRousseau" Find a form of association which defends and protects with the whole force of the community the person and the goods of each associate, and in which each, while uniting with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as free as before. This is the fundamental problem of which the Social Contract offers the solution."

25. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentV. Women and the EnlightenmentThe role of SalonsMary WollstonecraftEnlightenment on Women

26. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentA. The Role of Salons.Acted as intellectual centers of Europe.Poetry, stories, debate, and music.Organized by woman.Marie Therese Geoffrin.Restricted to the upper class.

27. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentThe Salons

28. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentB. Mary WollstonecraftA Vindication of the Rights of WomenOpposed traditional roles for womenConfinement to roles is slaveryMale tyrannyCritiqued other philosphes for excluding womenBroadened the debate

29. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentC. Enlightenment on WomenMost did not advocate a change for womenMontesquieu’s support was limitedSympathetic, not revolutionarySubordinate to male, but could divorceMost writers emphasized the physical differencesWeaknessFrivolousRousseau advocated traditional roles for women

30. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentWhat we know…What influenced the enlightenment?How did the Enlightenment influence society?How did the Enlightenment influence politics?What was the role of women in the Enlightenment?

31. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentTermsJohn LockeVoltaireAdam smithMontesquieu RousseauMarie Therese GeofrinMary Wollstonecraft Separation of powersChecks and balancesSalonsLaissez FaireFree markets

32. 10.2 The Enduring Political Impact of the Enlightenment on GovernmentMajor Ideas of the Enlightenment