This presentation is made by Samin VossoughiRad. American University for Humanities- Tbilisi campus
The security Dilemma is the them of the presentation and it has been explained exactly why states goes to war
Relations among states take place in the absence of a world government. For realists, this means that the international system is anarchical. International relations are best understood by focusing on the distribution of power among states. Despite their formal legal equality, the uneven distribution of power means that the arena of international relations is a form of ‘power politics’. Power is hard to measure; its distribution among states changes over time and there is no consensus among states about how it should be distributed. International relations is therefore a realm of necessity (states must seek power to survive in a competitive environment) and continuity over time. When realists contemplate change in the international system, they focus on changes in the balance of power among states, and tend to discount the possibility of fundamental change in the dynamics of the system itself.
The following key thinkers all subscribe to these basic assumptions in their explorations of the following questions:
(1) What are the main sources of stability and instability in the international system?
(2) What is the actual and preferred balance of power among states?
(3) How should the great powers behave toward one another and toward weaker states?
(4) What are the sources and dynamics of contemporary changes in the balance of power?
Despite some shared assumptions about the nature of international relations, realists are not all of one voice in answering these questions, and it would be wrong to believe that shared assumptions lead to similar conclusions among them. In fact, there is sharp disagreement over the relative merits of particular balances of power (unipolarity, bipolarity and multipolarity). There is also much debate over the causal relationship between states and the international pressures upon them, and the relative importance of different kinds of power in contemporary international relations.
This presentation is made by Samin VossoughiRad. American University for Humanities- Tbilisi campus
The security Dilemma is the them of the presentation and it has been explained exactly why states goes to war
Relations among states take place in the absence of a world government. For realists, this means that the international system is anarchical. International relations are best understood by focusing on the distribution of power among states. Despite their formal legal equality, the uneven distribution of power means that the arena of international relations is a form of ‘power politics’. Power is hard to measure; its distribution among states changes over time and there is no consensus among states about how it should be distributed. International relations is therefore a realm of necessity (states must seek power to survive in a competitive environment) and continuity over time. When realists contemplate change in the international system, they focus on changes in the balance of power among states, and tend to discount the possibility of fundamental change in the dynamics of the system itself.
The following key thinkers all subscribe to these basic assumptions in their explorations of the following questions:
(1) What are the main sources of stability and instability in the international system?
(2) What is the actual and preferred balance of power among states?
(3) How should the great powers behave toward one another and toward weaker states?
(4) What are the sources and dynamics of contemporary changes in the balance of power?
Despite some shared assumptions about the nature of international relations, realists are not all of one voice in answering these questions, and it would be wrong to believe that shared assumptions lead to similar conclusions among them. In fact, there is sharp disagreement over the relative merits of particular balances of power (unipolarity, bipolarity and multipolarity). There is also much debate over the causal relationship between states and the international pressures upon them, and the relative importance of different kinds of power in contemporary international relations.
The slideshow provides a comprehensive overview of the field of international security studies, offering an insight into its theoretical developments, topical issues, political applications and implications.
The slides cover a wide range of theories in the field of security studies (from the security dilemma, Cold War deterrence to the work of Copenhagen school), address a variety of security risks and threats (from conventional war to asymmetric conflicts and terrorism to the ‘new wars’) and referent objects of security (from state to human security). In addition, the new forms of security, namely energy security, cyber-security – are presented.
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War and Peace in the 21st century, or Will the World Collapse in the Next 10-...Azamat Abdoullaev
the World Government for the World of Tomorrow
Science, Art, and Practice of War and Peace
MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) PhilosophyWorld Peace and World Government Post-Information Age > Post-Nuclear Epoch > Post-Human Era
Rise and Dominance of Peace-Making Intelligent Machinery
Homo Sapiens or Homo Barbarus: “all men are always at war with on another”
Ashim Turgunzhanov from International Relations Department of International Ataturk Alatoo University is talking about the Constructivism in IR .Subject: History and Theory of International Relations Lecturer: Dr. Ibrahim Koncak
This was one of my most recent powerpoint presentation. I worked in a small group with 2 other partners. The presentation lasted 1 hour followed by a group discussion.
The slideshow provides a comprehensive overview of the field of international security studies, offering an insight into its theoretical developments, topical issues, political applications and implications.
The slides cover a wide range of theories in the field of security studies (from the security dilemma, Cold War deterrence to the work of Copenhagen school), address a variety of security risks and threats (from conventional war to asymmetric conflicts and terrorism to the ‘new wars’) and referent objects of security (from state to human security). In addition, the new forms of security, namely energy security, cyber-security – are presented.
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
http://www.ultraspectra.com
http://www.ultraspectra.net
Join Our Network:
facebook.com/ultraspectra
twitter.com/ultraspectra
youtube.com/user/ultraspecra
War and Peace in the 21st century, or Will the World Collapse in the Next 10-...Azamat Abdoullaev
the World Government for the World of Tomorrow
Science, Art, and Practice of War and Peace
MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) PhilosophyWorld Peace and World Government Post-Information Age > Post-Nuclear Epoch > Post-Human Era
Rise and Dominance of Peace-Making Intelligent Machinery
Homo Sapiens or Homo Barbarus: “all men are always at war with on another”
Ashim Turgunzhanov from International Relations Department of International Ataturk Alatoo University is talking about the Constructivism in IR .Subject: History and Theory of International Relations Lecturer: Dr. Ibrahim Koncak
This was one of my most recent powerpoint presentation. I worked in a small group with 2 other partners. The presentation lasted 1 hour followed by a group discussion.
O presente documento apresenta um modelo de avaliação para a disciplina de Filosofia. Parte do que motivou a sua escrita foi a constatação empírica de que, se o tema da avaliação é fonte de complexos debates entre os professores, a avaliação das aprendizagens em Filosofia ilustra, talvez melhor do que em qualquer outra disciplina, as dificuldades desse debate, sobretudo quando está em causa a necessidade de gerar consensos mínimos que viabilizem a elaboração de critérios de avaliação justos, rigorosos e adequados às finalidades da disciplina e do sistema de ensino.
Embora tenha sido escrito tendo presente, fundamentalmente, os 10.º e 11.º anos (ensino médio/secundário português), julgamos que muito do que aqui ficou dito era extensível ao 12.º ano e mesmo à avaliação das aprendizagens nos cursos superiores de Filosofia.
Foi inicialmente publicado em 2002, sob encomenda do então Departamento do Ensino Secundário do Ministério da Educação de Portugal.
College Of Security Studies aims to provide state of the art education and employment opportunities that will help secure the economic and social condition of the following sect of people—
Freshers and school drop-outs looking to secure their future
Graduates wanting to pursue a career in the Private Security Industry
Ex-servicemen seeking alternate employment after retirement
Present security personnel who aspire to upgrade and polish their security skills and knowledge.
Training Security personnel in the growing Security sector.College of Security studies trains the trainees in the most effective way,keeping all the criteria in mind.
Security Sector requires skilled youth,we are polishing their skills.
Southern African Peace and Security Studies (SAPSS) is an academic journal established in 2012 to serve as a forum for discussion on issues surrounding conflict, peace, security (whether regional, national, local or human) and political (in)stability in the region. It is to be the flagship publication for the Southern African Centre for Collaboration on Peace and Security (SACCPS).Published twice a year (in June and December) as an open access journal, it is freely available online, and includes academic articles, policy briefs and book reviews.
The journal aims to publish rigorous theoretical and empirical research in all areas of peace and security studies in Africa, with a particular focus on practical policy-oriented research. The journal will also address evolving developments within the discipline. Each issue will normally contain a mixture of peer-reviewed research articles, policy briefs and reviews. Articles should address critical themes or case analyses and must be contextualized within the scholarly and policy literature and existing debates on peace and security in Africa.
2. Defining terms:
‘Liberalism’ (in international relations); “[The] theory [advocating]
Government between states and peoples worldwide. .. Liberals seek to
project values of order, liberty, justice and toleration into international
relations.” (Baylis/Smith/Owens).
Security studies; theories and ideas aimed towards understanding the
concept of security in international relations, and envisioning theories for
increased security in the international context. ‘Security’ meaning the
“[presence] of threats to acquired values, and in a subjective sense, the
absence of fear that such values will be attacked.”
3. The main standpoints of liberal
internationalists:
“A rising tide lifts all boats” ; an international atmosphere of all-
encompassing progress is in the interests of all states, rather than alienating
one state from others through increased power
“Democratic peace theory”; Immanuel Kant hypothesised that democratic
republics should eventually reach a perpetual peace with one another.
Emphasis on free international trade; the theory of this concept is that once
companies from differing states begin to trade, the ties between states
become closer, decreasing the likelihood of war and economic aggression.
International constitutionalism; abolishing the “state of nature” (Hobbes) in
international politics; establishment of international lines of communication,
treaties and etc to make international relations a (theoretically) logical,
constitutional process.
4. Liberals and Global Security in Action
The first serious attempt to institute a constitutional international system was
done in the aftermath of the first world war, in the form of the League of Nations.
As should be expected from it having been forged in the aftermath of by far the
bloodiest conflict in (at that point) Western history. The LON acted successfully in
some areas, such as halting a Greek-Bulgarian conflict in 1925 amongst some
other achievements. For better or for worse, the LON is the forebear of our
present international constitutional arrangement (the UN).
By furthering the liberalisation of international trade, liberalism in international
politics has arguably created a pax financia, eloquently expressed in Thomas L
Friedman’s ‘Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention’, the theory that no to
countries which are host to a Mcdonalds restaurant would go to war (later proved
false). Despite this theory being obviously somewhat comedic, it does hold up to
reason; when a country is inviting foreign investment, it stands more to lose
should conflict arise, and as a consequence wars between liberal democracies
are extremely scarce. States with tight grips over their economies have greater
capacity to use their economies aggressively than liberal ones, eg China’s recent
de facto embargo on rare metals to Japan (which is reliant on them for much of
its economy).
5. Liberals and Global Security in Action
(continued)
Liberal internationalists have historically lobbied for ‘self determination’, whereby
de jure countries should be themselves self-governing states, rather than be
ruled through an empire of many peoples. The theory is that a self-determined
democratic state will not aggressively seek expansion, as the populace
recognise the state’s territory as their own and borders are clearly identifiable
and will not support their governments in wars of expansion. The most recent
example of self-determination in international relations is that of the new state of
Kosovo; by (through the UN and EU) establishing the new state on the ‘cultural
boundaries’ in ‘old Serbia’ a clearly identifiable region becomes an autonomous
state. The theory is that the Kosovar people will not be subject to genocide in the
future, now that they are ‘self determined’ in their own state, and that the
likelihood of future conflict in the region is now lowered, due to mutual
recognition of territory (presently a problem, as Kosovo is not recognised by
Serbia or several other states) and the preservation of national borders and
military forces.
6. Criticisms of Liberal Internationalism in
Global Security
Liberalism has been criticised in its handling of international security issues in
several respects. Firstly, is the accusation that international security
preservation by federalised international institutes is unworkable. This is not
an unsubstantiated viewpoint. The 1934 Italian invasion of Abyssinia was
essentially unpunished. The League of Nations’ sanctions did not extend to
important commodities (specifically oil), and Italy ignored all opposition until it
conquered all of Abyssinia (whatever sanctions against Italy there were had
been halted upon cessation of the war). More recently, the UN opposition to
the American-British invasion of Iraq was ignored and yet it proceeded with no
consequences. The capacity of international institutions to prevent war, it
seems, is limited to weaker states, and cannot prevent a determined effort by
powerful states to prevent conflict.
7. Criticisms of Liberal Internationalism in
Global Security
Israel, amongst other states, can be
interpreted as opposing international
liberalism on the grounds that it sees it as
detrimental to its security. Firstly, that (they
interpret) the UN is biased against Israel
and opposing actions they see vital to their
security (eg, invasions of Lebanon and
other military expeditions supposedly
important to their security), and perhaps
most pertinently their blockade of the Gaza
strip. Though the UN opposes it on
humanitarian grounds, Israel’s government
is adamant that it is necessary.
"Due to the UN's unvarnished belligerence toward it, in
recent years a consensus has formed in Israel that there is
nothing to be gained from cooperating with this openly and
dangerously hostile body.“ – Caroline Glick, journalist.
8. In Summary;
Liberalism, for better or for worse, has profoundly affected
the way in which states act in matters of security in its
establishment of international institutes (effectiveness/lack
of effectiveness is debatable).
The growth of international trade (globalisation) has
certainly led to the lack of inter-state conflict since WWII.
Self-determinative state building theoretically increases
international security by decreasing war.
Editor's Notes
Eg, rather than spending money on tank brigades in order to hold power, focussing on helping and cooperating with your neighbours will create a more stable set of states with which to conduct relations.