The document summarizes the causes and consequences of British imperialism in India from the 16th to 20th centuries. It details the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century which allowed the British East India Company to rise as the dominant political force in India under figures like Robert Clive. The Company established control over large areas, but faced a major rebellion in 1857 that caused Britain to take direct control over India and establish the period known as the British Raj until independence in 1947. The document examines the political, economic and military factors that enabled Britain to establish and maintain control over India for so long.

1. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 1 India: Crown Jewel of the British Empire Chapter 25 section 3

2. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 2 New Topics The Mughal Empire: 1526–1858 Company Rule: 1757-1858 The British Raj: 1858-1949

3. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 3 I. The Mughal Empire Brief Facts Decline of the Empire Rise of Company Rule 40 Years of Anarchy

4. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 4 A. Brief Facts Leaders traced back to decedents of Genghis Khan One of the great Muslim empires. Sometimes tolerant Sometimes not

5. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 5 B. Decline of the Empire Aurangzeb, Last Great Mughal emperor dies in 1707. Expanded Mughal borders Devout Muslim, little tolerance towards other faiths Left 17 potential heirs that fought amongst themselves Mughal Empire declines

6. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 6 C. Rise of Company Rule Internal fighting resulted in decrease in stability British East Indian Company emerges as a major player in politics Had its own army Had its own treaties and alliances with local rulers Led by Robert Clive Eventually the BEI company became the dominant political force

7. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 7 II. Company Rule Origins Provider of peace Regulatory Act of 1773 The Companies Empire

8. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 8 A. Origins Chartered in 1600 in order to increase trade in Asia. Spices and tea By 1700 established trade in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. Ports, factories and access to raw materials Competed against French and Dutch Independent of British government. Far away from England Focused on trade

9. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 9 B. Provider of peace Did maintain an army of Sepoys. Hindu and Muslim Indians employed as troops. Protect company interest and trade. 1757 Battle of Plassey Robert Clive British commander Wins region of Bengal and Bihar BEI emerges as a political force. Forms alliances with local princes. Maintains stability.

10. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 10 C. Regulatory Act of 1773. "for the better management of the affairs of the East India Company as well in India as in Europe." British government assumes indirect control of colony Organized territories under a Governor General. First Governor General Warren Hastings Lord Cornwallis Established a judicial system

11. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 11 D. The companies Empire Britain developed India Roads, Railways, bridges, canals and dams. Indians were taxed to pay for it. BEI Co. focused on trade and profit Raw materials

12. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 12 III. The British Raj Indian Rebellion of 1857 Government of India Act 1858 The Indian Civil Service

13. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 13 A. Indian Rebellion of 1857 Hindu and Muslim Sepoy discovered animal fat was used in cartridges. Some local princes support Sepoy. Britain helps Company to put down revolt. Sikhs and loyal Indian Princes also support British.

14. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 14 Sepoy Troops

15. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 15 B. Government of India Act 1858 Parliament takes control of BEI and India Created the Indian Civil Service. Professional administrators, not pirates Prevent corruption and anarchy. Organized tax Collection Streamline and normalize taxes. Improved the Sepoy and military. Paramountcy was established. Local Princes recognized British dominance, but stay in power (indirect rule) Owed loyalty to British Crown

16. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 16 D. The Indian Civil Service. At first was professionally trained British citizens who governed India. Eventually, educated Indians were used to administer India. Comprised of Indian elite. Resented 2nd class status. The Indian National Congress The Muslim League

17. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 17 IV. Why Britain was successful Improved Technology Military Communication transportation 40 years of Anarchy weakened Indian leaders. The Power of Peace British rule did bring stability Britain was united, India was not

18. 11/5/2009 10.4 Causes and Consequences of British Imperialism in India 18 Terms Mughal Empire Maharajah British East India Company Robert Clive Battle Of Plassey Regulatory Act of 1773 Raj Indian Rebellion of 1857 Sepoy Government of India Act 1858 The Indian National Congress The Muslim League