A government is an institution that makes and enforces public policies through legislative, executive, and judicial powers in order to maintain order in society. A state is a body of people living in a defined territory that is politically organized and able to make laws without consent from a higher authority. There are four theories on the origins of the state: evolutionary theory ties the development of states to the evolution of family and social structures; force theory argues that those with strength enforce their authority; divine right theory holds that power comes from God; and social contract theory views the state as arising from an agreement between the ruler and the people.

1. Government and the State Chapter 1 sec 1

2. The Essential Questions What is a government? What is a state? What are the origins of the state? What are the forms of government? Democracy versus autocracy. How does geography play a role?

3. What is a government? What is government? How does it exercise power? What is the purpose of government?

4. A. What is a government? A government is an institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies. Public policies consist of: Taxation, control of crime, education, transportation, environment, civil rights and working conditions.

5. B. How does it exercise power? A government must have power in order to fulfill these goals. This power consists of: Legislative : the power to write the law Executive : the power to enforce the law Judicial : the power to interpret laws

7. C. What is the purpose of government? The purpose of government is to maintain order in society. Chaos is Bad The authority in order to do this can come from several sources. Force Evolutionary Divine Right Social Contract

8. II. What is a State? What is a state? What does it represent?

9. A. What is a state? A state can be defined as a body of a people , living in a defined territory , organized politically , and the ability to make and enforce laws without the consent of a higher authority .

10. B. What does it represent? A state must represent a population or people. A state must have authority over a territory States are sovereign , or the power to make laws over its region. Must be politically organized , or have a government.

12. III. What are the origins of a state? Evolutionary Theory Force Theory Divine Right The Social Contract

13. A. Evolutionary Theory Government comes from family structure. Patriarchal Society Nations evolved over time. Families Clans Tribes Nations

14. B. Force Theory The Strong rule. Those who have strength can enforce authority over others. Those who maintain authority by force. Genghis Khan Feudal estates. The 400 lb. Gorilla

15. Force Theory

16. C. Divine Right Power comes from God and is given to a ruling monarch. Power is hereditary and Absolute Popular in Europe from 1200-1919 Louis XIV is a good Example Egyptian Pharaoh

17. D. The Social Contract Developed to oppose Divine Right. Product of the Enlightenment era. Thomas Hobbes believed the people could have a Social Contract with a Monarch. A Social Contract is agreement between the ruler and the people.. John Locke stated that power comes from the Consent of the governed. People had right to revolt.

18. A Social Contract

19. Terms to know. Government State Public Policy Legislative Power Executive Power Judicial Power Force Theory Divine Right Evolutionary Social Contract

20. Summary There are 4 characteristics of a state. Governments are the decision making apparatus of a state and can take various forms There are 4 sources of power for a state.