This document provides an overview of Transactional Analysis, which was founded by Eric Berne in the late 1950s. It discusses the three ego states of Parent, Adult, and Child and how transactions occur between these states. The document also describes complementary, crossed, and ulterior transactions. It then outlines the modern seven-element model of Transactional Analysis and discusses effective and ineffective modes of communication and behavior. In conclusion, it states that Transactional Analysis is an effective method for understanding and managing relationships and behaviors.
Transactional Analysis, A Sketch of Eric Berne, Ego States, Ego States- PAC Model, Parent Ego State,Adult Ego State, Child Ego State, Life Positions, Complementary Transactions, Crossed Transactions, Ulterior Transactions
Transactional analysis defined by Eric Berne is a
theory of personality and social action and a
clinical method of psychotherapy based on the
analysis of all possible transaction between two
or more people on the basis of specially defined
ego states.
Gibson.R.L. & Mitchell.M.H.(2008), Introduction to Counselling and Guidance (7th Ed). PHI Learnig Pvt Ltd : New Delhi
Clarkson.P. (1992). Transactional Analysis and Psychotherapy . Routlodge: London and New York
Palmer.S. (2000) Introduction to Counseling and Psychotherapy .Sage Publications:London
Thompson.R.A. (2003) Counseling Techniques (2nd Ed). Routledge: New York
Transactional Analysis cab be very helpful for people to improve their Interpersonal Relations and also have effective Communication, in organizational setup or in domestic
Transactional Analysis, A Sketch of Eric Berne, Ego States, Ego States- PAC Model, Parent Ego State,Adult Ego State, Child Ego State, Life Positions, Complementary Transactions, Crossed Transactions, Ulterior Transactions
Transactional analysis defined by Eric Berne is a
theory of personality and social action and a
clinical method of psychotherapy based on the
analysis of all possible transaction between two
or more people on the basis of specially defined
ego states.
Gibson.R.L. & Mitchell.M.H.(2008), Introduction to Counselling and Guidance (7th Ed). PHI Learnig Pvt Ltd : New Delhi
Clarkson.P. (1992). Transactional Analysis and Psychotherapy . Routlodge: London and New York
Palmer.S. (2000) Introduction to Counseling and Psychotherapy .Sage Publications:London
Thompson.R.A. (2003) Counseling Techniques (2nd Ed). Routledge: New York
Transactional Analysis cab be very helpful for people to improve their Interpersonal Relations and also have effective Communication, in organizational setup or in domestic
The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis. Eric Berne defined an ego state as a consistent pattern of feeling and experience directly related to a corresponding consistent pattern of behaviour.
In an ulterior transaction, two messages are conveyed at the same time. One of these is an overt or social level message. The other is a covert or psychological level message. Most often, the social level content is Adult-Adult. The psychological level messages are usually either Parent –Child or Child –Parent.
Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, U...Sarath Thomas
Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, Usages in a very simple and Lucid language . One basic approach to study interpersonal relations in an organisational system is transactional analysis.
This analysis deals with understanding, predicting and controlling interpersonal relationships.
Recognizing ego states (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
Eric Berne listed four ways of recognizing ego states. He called them as Behavioral diagnosis, Social diagnosis, Historical diagnosis and Phenomenological diagnosis.
When I am child contaminated, I cloud my grown up thinking with beliefs from my childhood. These are fantasies, evoked by feelings, that are taken as facts. Berne used the word delusion to describe the kind of belief that typically arise from child contamination. When the content of a child contamination comes from earlier childhood, the delusion is likely to be more bizarre.
Transactional Analysis is one of the most accessible theories of modern psychology. Transactional Analysis was founded by Eric Berne, and the famous 'parent adult child' theory is still being developed today.
This program explores how you can leverage EQ competencies to enhance performance and productivity in your organization.
Emotional Intelligence refers to a set of emotional and social skills and competencies that influence the way we perceive and express ourselves; develop and maintain social relationships; cope with challenges; and use the information in emotions in effective and meaningful ways.
The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis. Eric Berne defined an ego state as a consistent pattern of feeling and experience directly related to a corresponding consistent pattern of behaviour.
In an ulterior transaction, two messages are conveyed at the same time. One of these is an overt or social level message. The other is a covert or psychological level message. Most often, the social level content is Adult-Adult. The psychological level messages are usually either Parent –Child or Child –Parent.
Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, U...Sarath Thomas
Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, Usages in a very simple and Lucid language . One basic approach to study interpersonal relations in an organisational system is transactional analysis.
This analysis deals with understanding, predicting and controlling interpersonal relationships.
Recognizing ego states (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
Eric Berne listed four ways of recognizing ego states. He called them as Behavioral diagnosis, Social diagnosis, Historical diagnosis and Phenomenological diagnosis.
When I am child contaminated, I cloud my grown up thinking with beliefs from my childhood. These are fantasies, evoked by feelings, that are taken as facts. Berne used the word delusion to describe the kind of belief that typically arise from child contamination. When the content of a child contamination comes from earlier childhood, the delusion is likely to be more bizarre.
Transactional Analysis is one of the most accessible theories of modern psychology. Transactional Analysis was founded by Eric Berne, and the famous 'parent adult child' theory is still being developed today.
This program explores how you can leverage EQ competencies to enhance performance and productivity in your organization.
Emotional Intelligence refers to a set of emotional and social skills and competencies that influence the way we perceive and express ourselves; develop and maintain social relationships; cope with challenges; and use the information in emotions in effective and meaningful ways.
Transaction analysis is about how two people communicate with each other and how they can improve their behavior and overall personality. As a result it helps in improving interpersonal communication
It is concerned with the interaction of two persons at a time. In this interaction the individual behaves in a particular way which may be either cooperative or conflicting. To analyze and improve interpersonal behavior, transactional analysis technique has been developed.
This theory was given by Eric Berne. TA offers a model of personality and the dynamics of self and its relationship to others. When people interact, there is social transaction in which one person respond to another. The study of these transactions among people is called transaction analysis. This analysis can be understood by using Johari Window, that tries to evaluate concept of self with respect to others.
Ego states are a person’s way of thinking, feeling and behaving at any time.
Berne has defined ego state as a consistent pattern of feeling and experience which is directly related to a respective consistent pattern of behavior.
He has given 3 ego states which are as follows:
Parent Ego State: It is a state where the individual behave, feel and think in response to an unconscious imitation or mimicking of how their parents have acted in the past and how they interpreted the actions of their parents. This is also called ‘exteropsyche’ state. e.g. An individual may yell because of frustration because they have experienced the same in their childhood.
Adult ego state: Here, the adult is directed towards an objective appraisal of reality. Here, he processes information and make predictions about various emotions that can influence his behavior. This is also known as ‘neopsyche’ State.
Child ego state: Here, the individuals behave, think and feel in the same manner as they used to think in their childhood. Thus, the child is a source of intimacy, spontaneity, recreation, creation and emotions.
Thus, according to Berner, parental figures are either more criticizing or more nurturing and childhood behaviors are either adapted or more natural, i.e. free. A person of any age may have any of these states in varying degrees.
We have three sides or 'ego-states' to our 'personality
Parent,
Adult and
Child
These ego states converse with one another in 'transactions' both internally and externally with other people (hence the name).
We are dominated alternately and to varying degrees by one of the three sides of our personality.
In this PPT we are going to talk about Transactional Analysis which comes under the subject of Organisational Behaviour.
So, if you're a student of BBA/MBA or B.com/M.com this PPT will surely gonna help you out.
Transactional analysis in psychotherapyTejal Patil
Transactional Analysis is a personality theory which gives us a picture of how people are structured psychologically. It is a method of understanding communication between people, a system of analyzing and understanding human relationship.
Meaning of HR and HRM, Nature & Scope of HRM, Functions of HRM, Role and Objectives of HRM, Personnel Management, Policies and Strategies and Recent Trends of HRM.
The case study discusses the potential of drone delivery and the challenges that need to be addressed before it becomes widespread.
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Discussion questions:
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This person is none other than Oprah Winfrey, a highly influential figure whose impact extends beyond television. This article will delve into the remarkable life and lasting legacy of Oprah. Her story serves as a reminder of the importance of perseverance, compassion, and firm determination.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) offers new opportunities to radically reinvent the way we do business. This study explores how CEOs and top decision makers around the world are responding to the transformative potential of AI.
1. By
Dr. H.S. ABZAL BASHA, M.B.A., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor,
Department of Management Studies,
G. Pullaiah College of Engineering & Technology,
Kurnool.
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
UNIT-III
2. • Transactional Analysis was Founded
by Eric Berne.
• During the late 1950’s.
Transactional
Analysis
• Clinical, organizational and
personal development.
• Encompassing communications.
• Management, personality.
• Relationships and behavior.
Applications:
3. • Transactional Analysis is
effectively a language within
a language;
• A language of true meaning,
feeling and motive.
Transactional
Analysis
• To understand more clearly
what is going on.
• Secondly, we give ourselves
choices of what ego states to
adopt.
• Which signals to send, and
where to send them.
It helps us in
3 ways:
5. EGO
STATES
Parent Ego Stage-
Behaviors, thou
ghts and
feelings copied
from parent or
parent figures.
Adult Ego Stage-
Behaviors, thoug
hts and feelings
which are direct
responses to the
here and now.
Child Ego Stage-
Behaviors, thou
ghts and
feelings replayed
from childhood.
7. Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral
patterns based on objective analysis of
information(data, facts).
Make decisions based on logic, computations,
probabilities, etc.(not emotion).
ADULT EGO
STATE
8. Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral
patterns based on child-like
emotions, impulses, feelings we have
experienced.
Example- Impulsive
happy, curious, angry, Self-center, pleasure
seeking and fearful
9. In Simple Words:
Parent is our 'Taught'
concept of life
Adult is our 'Thought'
concept of life
Child is our 'Felt' concept
of life
10.
11. TRANSACTION ANALYSIS MECHANISM
• Berne’s starting-point was that when
two people encounter each other, one
of them will speak to the other. This he
called the Transaction Stimulus
• The reaction from the other person
is called the Transaction
Response.
• The person sending the Stimulus is called
the Agent.
• The person who responds is called the
Respondent.
12. • We can interact with each
other from any ego state.
• Anytime one person recognizes another with
a smile, a nod, a frown, a verbal greeting,
etc., this recognition, in TA language, is
called a “Stroke".
• Two or more strokes make a transaction.
14. Complementary
transactions
• A complementary transaction occurs when a
message, sent from a specific ego state, gets the
predicted response from a specific ego state in
the other person.
• For example, if a wife who is grieving her lost
friend is comforted by a sympathetic
husband, her momentary dependency is
answered appropriately.
15. A wife in child state being relieved by her
husband in parent state.
16. Crossed Transactions
A crossed transaction occurs when an unexpected
response is made to the stimulus. An inappropriate ego
state is activated, and the lines of communication between
people are crossed.
At this point people tend to withdraw, turn away from
each other or switch the conversation in another direction.
For example, Agent's Adult: "Do you know where my
cuff links are?" (note that this stimuli is directed at the
Respondents Adult).
Respondent's Child: "You always blame me for
everything!"
18. Ulterior Transactions
Ulterior transactions are the most complex.
They differ from complementary and crossed
transactions in that they always involve two
or more ego states.
Only one ego state controls the body; but
another ego state is operating in the
background.
19. Ulterior transaction contd…
If a car salesman says to his customer, "This is our
finest sports car...but maybe too racy for you," he
is sending a message that can be heard by either
the customer’s adult or child ego state.
If the customer’s Adult hears, the response may
be... "yes, you’re right, considering the
requirements of my job." If the customer’s Child
hears, the response may be "I’ll take it. It’s just
what I want."
21. The original three Parent Adult Child components
were sub-divided by Wagner, Joines and
Mountain to form seven element model.
Original 3 parental
adult child
components
Traditional
Transactional
Analysis
Modified into 7
elements.
Modern
Transactional
Analysis
22. Modern TA established 2 parental elements:
Nurturing Controlling
* Nurturing (positive)
* Spoiling (negative)
* Structuring (positive)
* Critical (negative)
Parent
24. Child
Child is now commonly represented as
circle with four quadrants:
Adapted - Co-operative (positive) and
Compliant/Resistant (negative).
Free - Spontaneous (positive) and Immature
(negative).
27. Negative Controlling Parent
communicates a "You're not OK" message, and is punitive.
Negative Nurturing Parent
communicates a "You're not OK" message. When in this
mode the person is engulfing and overprotective
Negative Adapted Child
expresses an "I'm not OK" message. When in this mode
the person tends to experience such emotions as
depression, unrealistic fear and anxiety.
Negative Free Child
in this mode the person runs wild with no restrictions or
boundaries. In this mode they express a "You're not OK"
message.
28. Positive Nurturing Parent
communicates the message "You're OK". When inthis
mode the person is caring andaffirming.
Positive Controlling Parent
communicates the message "You're OK". It offers
constructive criticism, while being caring but firm.
Positive Adapted Child
communicates an "I'm OK" message. From this modewe
learn the rules to help us live with others.
Positive Free Child
communicates an "I'm OK" message. This is the
creative, fun loving, curious and energetic mode.
29. It communicates "We're OK" messages.
The Adult is able to assess reality in the here and
now.
m
It is possible to choose which of the other effective
odes to go into, dependent on the situation. This is
then called Accounting Mode.
When stable in this Accounting Mode we are taking
account of the present context and situation and
deciding the most appropriate mode to come from
We are able to respond appropriately rather than flipping into historic ways of
thinking and behaving which are likely to be inappropriate and unhelpful..
30.
31. INEFFECTIVE MODES
• Criticizing Mode - communicates a "You're
not OK" message. If you lead from this position
you are unlikely to develop a loyal supportive
team or culture.
• Over-Indulging / Inconsistent Mode -
communicates "You're not OK". When in this
mode we often 'rescue' others, that is, do things
for them which they are capable of doing for
themselves.
32. • Compliant / Resistant Mode - expresses an
"I'm not OK" or "I'm not OK and You're Not OK"
message.
When in this mode we over-adapt to others and
tend to experience such emotions as depression or
unrealistic fear and anxiety.
When in this mode we are unlikely to make good
team members and will be highly stressed if we
have to manage others.
33. • Immature Mode - in this mode we run
wild with no boundaries. Here we express a
"You're not OK" message.
At work we tend to not to take responsibility
for our actions and are unlikely to progress as
we need a great deal of management in order
to focus our energy and keep boundaries.
34. EFFECTIVE MODES
• Incorporated Aspects of the Accounting
Mode - All of the different incorporated aspects
communicate "I'm OK and You're OK".
• Nurturing - When in this aspect we are caring
and affirming.
• Structuring - This is the boundary setting
aspect, offering constructive criticism. In this
aspect we are caring and firm.
35. • Cooperative - From this aspect we learn the
rules to help us live with others.
• Playful - This is the creative, fun loving,
curious and energetic aspect. We can
confront people playfully as a way of dealing
with a difficult situation. This can diffuse a
potential problem and get the message
across.