The document discusses interpersonal skills and transactional analysis. It defines interpersonal relationships as social connections between people that involve finding common ground. It lists important interpersonal skills like listening, questioning, communication, feedback, and conflict handling. It then discusses transactional analysis, which analyzes human behavior in social interactions through studying stimuli and responses. It describes Eric Berne's model of the ego states of parent, adult, and child and different types of transactions between these states.
Last year 2013 I was studying about Attitude, then this year 2014 I discovered that is not about 'Attitude' BUT 'Ego'; Hence I was very interested to study about Ego, I came across one very interesting Theory developed by Dr. Erick Berne in 1958 known as 'Transactional Analysis'. The theory outlines how we have developed and treat ourselves, how we relate and communicate with others, and offers suggestions and interventions which will enable us to change and grow. Many times we think that its because of our attitudes that we can't relate well with others, NO it is because of our Ego. In case you need practical tests to discover your EGO, don't hesitate to write to me Through my Email address: kvndhillon@gmail.com.
Last year 2013 I was studying about Attitude, then this year 2014 I discovered that is not about 'Attitude' BUT 'Ego'; Hence I was very interested to study about Ego, I came across one very interesting Theory developed by Dr. Erick Berne in 1958 known as 'Transactional Analysis'. The theory outlines how we have developed and treat ourselves, how we relate and communicate with others, and offers suggestions and interventions which will enable us to change and grow. Many times we think that its because of our attitudes that we can't relate well with others, NO it is because of our Ego. In case you need practical tests to discover your EGO, don't hesitate to write to me Through my Email address: kvndhillon@gmail.com.
Transaction analysis is about how two people communicate with each other and how they can improve their behavior and overall personality. As a result it helps in improving interpersonal communication
Transactional Analysis cab be very helpful for people to improve their Interpersonal Relations and also have effective Communication, in organizational setup or in domestic
This is regard about transactional analysis and self awareness and also ego states and life positions it may useful our daily life because we communicate so many people in community that time the ego states are to be different we can have experience three ego states in daily life...
This is just a Basic introduction designed in a Beginner friendly mode . Hope this would help understanding the Human transactions and adjusting self whenever required to seek smoother relationship .
Transaction analysis is about how two people communicate with each other and how they can improve their behavior and overall personality. As a result it helps in improving interpersonal communication
Transactional Analysis cab be very helpful for people to improve their Interpersonal Relations and also have effective Communication, in organizational setup or in domestic
This is regard about transactional analysis and self awareness and also ego states and life positions it may useful our daily life because we communicate so many people in community that time the ego states are to be different we can have experience three ego states in daily life...
This is just a Basic introduction designed in a Beginner friendly mode . Hope this would help understanding the Human transactions and adjusting self whenever required to seek smoother relationship .
The slide is about the need and importance of inter personal skills. Each and every business day the manager puts many decision questions to the test. The questions must first be identified as problems or opportunities, verified; scaled into mathematical models for which an answer will abound, and then controlled by updating the solutions because of the dynamic nature of business decisions. Mathematics has been recognized as an autonomous interior constructional activity which, although it can be applied to an exterior world, neither in its origin nor in its methods depends on an exterior world. The criterion of a good mathematical model is confined to its usefulness in making good strategic decisions. This is the absolute core of Management Science approach to decision-making, which is the science of decision-making. Not all science facts have practical usefulness. For example, Darwin's insight had no practical payoff, but he was a revered figure because he changed the way humans see their place in nature. The slide is based on the premise that a good decision maker has good interpersonal skills.
Management Science can help reduce or eliminate the fear of making wrong decisions by providing help with the decision-making process. In fact, management science's goal is to eliminate decidophobia. This is accomplished through the phased processes of management science that dissects the components of the decision into workable elements and allows one to proceed to the decision-making stage with sound knowledge on which to base one's choice. However, if you choose not to use management science, there are plenty of other ways to avoid making decisions.
Transactional Analysis, A Sketch of Eric Berne, Ego States, Ego States- PAC Model, Parent Ego State,Adult Ego State, Child Ego State, Life Positions, Complementary Transactions, Crossed Transactions, Ulterior Transactions
Transactional analysis defined by Eric Berne is a
theory of personality and social action and a
clinical method of psychotherapy based on the
analysis of all possible transaction between two
or more people on the basis of specially defined
ego states.
Gibson.R.L. & Mitchell.M.H.(2008), Introduction to Counselling and Guidance (7th Ed). PHI Learnig Pvt Ltd : New Delhi
Clarkson.P. (1992). Transactional Analysis and Psychotherapy . Routlodge: London and New York
Palmer.S. (2000) Introduction to Counseling and Psychotherapy .Sage Publications:London
Thompson.R.A. (2003) Counseling Techniques (2nd Ed). Routledge: New York
Transactional Analysis: concept and significance in organizational effecti...bp singh
This lecture is very much useful for the students pursuing their education in extension science ( Agriculture, Veterinary, Fishery, Home Science, Dairy) and also for the students studying the management sciences.
In this PPT we are going to talk about Transactional Analysis which comes under the subject of Organisational Behaviour.
So, if you're a student of BBA/MBA or B.com/M.com this PPT will surely gonna help you out.
Transactional analysis in psychotherapyTejal Patil
Transactional Analysis is a personality theory which gives us a picture of how people are structured psychologically. It is a method of understanding communication between people, a system of analyzing and understanding human relationship.
Know about self and how to be self aware, importance of self awareness, the various theories of human relations, and ideas to maintain good human relations
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
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Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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Interpersonal skills
1. THE ABILITY TO RELATE TO COLLEAGUES AND
CUSTOMERS, INSPIRE OTHERS, RESOLVE
CONFLICTS, BE TACTFUL, UNDERSTAND CULTURES,
AND SHOW DIPLOMACY.
2. Interpersonal Relationships are
social associations, connections or
affiliations between two or more
people.
They imply the discovery or
establishment of common ground
and may be centered on something
shared in common.
4. • Self awareness
• Control
• Motivation
• Acknowledging the interests of
subordinates
• Communication skills
4
5. Poor Listening
Emotional Arousal
Lack of Time
Differences in objective
5
6. Eric Berne and Transactional
Analysis
Transactional Analysis
A unified system of individual and
social psychiatry
Focuses on the individual but also
one’s relationship to others
A model for explaining why and how:
People think like they do
People act like they do
People interact/communicate with
others
7. “Study of inter and intra individual transactions where there is a
stimulus and response”.
Transactional analysis is a method of analyzing human behavior
in social transactions.
It is a study of human relations through the study of stimuli and
response.
It is an extension of Freudian theory
Id
Ego
Super Ego
TA was developed by Eric Berne and popularized by Harries.
Marial James, Dorthy Jongeward and Wagner.
8. Psycho-Analytical or Psycho-Dynamic TheoryPsycho-Analytical or Psycho-Dynamic Theory
““Sigmund Freud’s STRUCTURAL MODEL OF MENTAL LIFE”Sigmund Freud’s STRUCTURAL MODEL OF MENTAL LIFE”
ID Psychic energy
Inherited, Presented at birth, Present in life.
Store of wishes and unconscious.
Strives for immediate pleasure and avoid pain.
Insistent and rash.
Does not tolerate un-comforts-tension.
Immoral, animal drives, Unorganized.
EGO The Gateway of Action
Separates reality from unreality,
Logical, realistic, practical and rational.
Consciously distinguish between the demands of ID & Realities.
Regulate and integrate inner motives and source of Tension release.SUPER EGO
Sensor agent of – Value, belief and standards of the society.
Ideals & noble thoughts.
Acquired from parents, teachers, friends, religion, etc.,
Describes the right and wrong.
Mediates, filters action.
9. EGOEGO
A Psychological State of an Individual, which GuideA Psychological State of an Individual, which Guide
the Way of Feeling, Thinking and Behaviorthe Way of Feeling, Thinking and Behavior
EGO Status
PARENT
(Taught Ego)
Help
---------------
Control
Controlling
Protective
Critical
Nurturing
Instructive
ADULT
(Acquired by Maturity)
Rational
Factual
Unemotional
Independent
Problem solver
Free
Adp
LP
CHILD
(Felt Ego)
Dependent Spontaneous
Curious Creative
Rebel Clumsy
Frustrated Pleasure seeking
10. Types of TransactionsTypes of Transactions
P P
A A
C C
P P
A A
C C
OPENOPEN
CROSSCROSS
COMPLIMENTARYCOMPLIMENTARY
P – P – C P= Parent
A – A – C A=Adult
C – C C=Child
BLOCKED
P – A
C - P
ULTERIOR - - Transactions influenced by other than ego status (Hidden Meanings)
GALLOWS TRANSACTIONS - - In appropriate smile or love
GAMES – Repeat, Find it ulterior, Sense at superficial level
INEFFECTIVE STYLES OF GAMES – Perfectionist, Driver, Power game,
and Pleasure game
11. 11
Types of Transactions
Complementary Transactions: Appropriate and
Expected Transactions indicating healthy human
relationships.
Communication takes place when transactions are
complementary. A stimulus invites a response; this
response becomes a stimulus inviting further
response and so on.
13. 13
Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis
Transactional Analysis occurs when the ego states
of 2 people interacting is assessed
Complimentary interaction:
one person in a nurturing parent ego state
other person in their adaptive child ego
state
14. 14
Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis
For a leader-follower, the following complementary
transactions could occur:
15. 15
Types of Transactions
Crossed Transaction: This causes most difficulties in
social situations.
“May be, you should improve your study habits”.
“You always find fault with me whatever I do” Parent-
Child interaction.
16. 16
Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis
For a leader-follower, there are a number of possible
crossed transactions:
18. LIFE POSITIONS
““Assumption about self and others in the Societies”Assumption about self and others in the Societies”
I am OK - You are not OK
I am not OK - You are OK
I am not OK - You are not OK
I am OK - You are OK
I am OK
You are not OK
I am OK
You are OK
I am not OK
You are not OK
I am not OK
You are OK
POSITIVEPOSITIVE
NEGATIVENEGATIVE
NEGATIVENEGATIVE POSITIVEPOSITIVE
AttitudeTowardsSelfAttitudeTowardsSelf
20. A stroke is a unit of recognition may be positive or negative of a condition
or both, strokes are required for healthy behavior.
Strokes may be physical, verbal or eye-to-eye contact.
Child hood learning influences the behavior
If a child lives with criticism, he/she learns to fight.
If a child lives with hostility, he/she learns to condemn.
If a child lives with ridicule, he/she learns to be shy.
If a child lives with shame, he/she learns to feel guilty.
If a child lives with tolerance, he/she learns to be patient.
If a child lives with encouragement, he/she learns confidence.
If a child lives with praise, he/she learns to appreciate.
If a child lives with fairness, he/she learns justice.
If a child lives with security, he/she learns to have faith.
If a child lives with approval, he/she learns to like himself.
If a child lives with acceptance and friendship, he/she learns to find
love in the world.
21. Open Area Blind Area
Hidden Area Unknown Area
Known to
others
Unknown to
others
Discussion
Feed Back
Known to Self Unknown to Self
JOHARI WINDOW
22. Compete-When?
•Quick and decisive action is vital
•Unpopular actions need to be
implement
•You know are right
•Against people who take advantages
of non competitive behavior
Collaborate –If
•An integrative solution is required
•Your objective is to learn
•You gain Commitment by transforming
concern in to consensus
•You work through feelings that have
interfered with relations
Compromise-When---
•Goals are worthier than
efforts of assertive mode or disruption
• When opponents of equal power are
committed to mutually exclusive goals
• Temporary settlements are required
•Collaboration or Competition are not
useful.
Avoiding, if
•If is a trivial issue
•You perceive
chance of winning
•Others can solve
it better than you
•You want people
and situation to
cool down
Accommodate, if-
• You find, that you are
Wrong
•You wish the co-operation
of others
•You want social credits for
later issues
•You expect others to learn
From their mistakes