This document provides an overview of Transactional Analysis theory. It discusses the three ego states that make up an individual's personality according to this theory: the Parent ego state, Adult ego state, and Child ego state. The Parent ego state contains nurturing and critical behaviors learned from caregivers. The Adult ego state objectively processes information. The Child ego state involves spontaneous and adaptive behaviors from childhood. The document also describes complementary, crossed, and ulterior transaction types and defines strokes as units of human recognition.

1. BY
JOSNA
KARAMPAL
NOMMANDAKH
ROSHNI
SULAIMAN

2.  INTRODUCTION
 THE 3 EGO STATES: PAC MODEL
 PARENTAL EGO STATE
 ADULT EGO STATE
 CHILD EGO STATE
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERACTIONS
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 Transaction Analysis : a theory for analysing
human behavior and communication.
 Developed by Eric Berne.
 Seeks to explain how each of us has developed
into the people we have become by
understanding everything around us.
 A model for explaining why and how people
think, act and interact like they do

4. Contd…
 Some of the important assumptions made by TA
are :
 Everyone is born ok.
 Each person has a right to be in this world and to
be accepted as they are.
 Everyone is responsible for themselves
 All seek physical and emotional nurturing so our
behavior is modified to achieve this

5. THE 3 EGO STATES: PAC MODEL
 Everyone has three ego states based on their
childhood experiences and role models.
 Each ego state is a separate and distinct source
of behavior
 The three ego states are Parent Ego state or “
The Should Ego state, the Adult Ego state that “
Computes Dispassionately” and the Child Ego
state that “Makes you feel like you did when you
were a child”.

6.  Thoughts, feelings, attitudes and behavioral patterns
based on lessons learned from parents and other
„parental‟ sources
 Parent ego state can be divided into two types: the
Nurturing Parent ego state and the Critical Parent Ego
state
 The Nurturing Parent ego state includes the nurturing
side and can be soft, loving, and permission giving.
 The Critical Parent. (also sometimes called the
Prejudiced Parent) includes part of our personality
contains the prejudged thoughts,feelings and beliefs that
we learned from our parents.
 Values of the parent ego state : Condemning, Moralistic,
Supportive, Encouraging, Judgmental, Nurturing and

7. CHILD EGO STATE
 Thoughts, feelings, attitudes and
behavioral patterns based on child like
emotions
 Divided into two parts : Free child ego
state( known as Natural child) and
Adaptive child ego state(includes
Rebellious child ego state)
 Free child : spontaneous feeling and
behavior.
 Characteristics : playful, expressive

8. Contd..
 Adaptive child : Experience and parental influence
on behavior
 Part of the personality that has learned to comply
with the parental messages received while growing
up.
 Rebellious Child ego state: Sometimes when faced
with parental messages that are restricting, instead
of complying with them, we rebel against them.
 Values of child ego state : Selfish, Mean, Playful,
Affectionate, Whining, Manipulative and Curious,
Impulsive, Pleasure seeking, Angry, Happy and
Self centered.

9. ADULT EGO STATE
 Adult ego state is data processing center.
 Part of our personality that can process data accurately,
that sees, hears, thinks, and can come up with solutions to
problems based on the facts and not solely on our pre-
judged thoughts or childlike emotions.
 Gives a person a measure of objectivity.
 Can evaluate parental and child programming and decide
on what is all right and what needs to be changed.

10.  Three basic types of interactions :
Complementary, Crossed and Ulterior.
 Complementary:
When a transaction gets the expected response
from a specific ego state in the other person.
 The lines of transactions are kept open between
the transactors.
 Eg. Do you know where the xray is?
It seems to be temporarily misplaced. I have a
tracer in it.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
INTERACTIONS :

12.  Crossed Transactions:
 When a transaction gets an unexpected
response from an unexpected ego state in the
other person.
 Frequent source of resentment between people.
 Eg. Do you know where the xray is?
It is right where you left it. Can‟t you remember
anything?
Contd…

14.  Ulterior transactions
 When a transaction has a hidden message to it and
it hooks the ego state the hidden message was
going for not the one the overt message was aimed
at.
 The ulterior message is more important to the
sender than the overt message.
 Eg.1) Do you know where the xray is?I cant find
anything when I need it.(Looks sad and pouts a
little)
2)Don‟t worry I will find it for you(Gives an affectionate
look and touch).

15.  Defined as unit of human recognition.
 Non verbal means of communication.
 Can be a nod, a look, a smile, a touch.
 Whenever a human being does something to
recognise another human being, it is called a
stroke.
 Can be positive or negative.
 Can be conditional or unconditional.
 Conditional strokes given for what we do or what we
accomplish or the trait what we possess.
 Unconditional stroke are negative strokes.
 They convey that we are not ok.

16.  We all have three ego states programmed
with different kinds of behavior.
 Awareness of ego states gives more choices
in your communication patterns.

17. THANK YOU