Transactional Analysis (TA) is a theory that views personality as comprising three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. The Parent ego state involves learned behaviors from caregivers, the Adult deals with present realities, and the Child involves feelings from one's own childhood. Key concepts in TA include transactions between ego states, strokes or recognition received from others, life scripts formed in childhood, and games played in social interactions. TA was influenced by Freud but focused more on observable behaviors and interpersonal dynamics rather than unconscious drives. Eric Berne developed TA to provide a framework for understanding personality and improving communications between people.
Transactional Analysis (TA) is a theory that views personality as consisting of an internal Parent, Adult, and Child. Eric Berne discovered TA and proposed that people engage in ego states when interacting. Transactions are stimuli between people based on their current ego states. Straight transactions involve complementary ego states responding, while crossed transactions involve mismatched ego states. Berne also identified ulterior transactions, strokes, life scripts, existential positions, and games that people play for various psychological reasons. TA provides a framework for understanding interpersonal dynamics and improving communication.
Teacher student interaction ta approach newBhaskar Naidu
The document discusses some key concepts of transactional analysis (TA), including the three ego states of parent, adult, and child. It explains that transactions are exchanges between people from their different ego states, and that strokes (acts of recognition) are important in transactions. Effective communication in TA involves using complementary transactions that exchange positive strokes while being direct with any necessary negative feedback. The goal is to operate from an "I'm OK, you're OK" life position in interactions.
Transactional analysis is a theory developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s to study interactions between individuals. It views communication as occurring through three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. The Parent ego state represents learned behaviors from caregivers, the Adult focuses on processing information objectively, and the Child contains emotions from one's own childhood. Effective communication involves understanding which ego states are being used and balancing positive and negative strokes, which are units of recognition between individuals. Transactional analysis aims to improve interactions by analyzing complementary, crossed, and ulterior transactions.
1) TA posits that people's thoughts and behaviors are influenced by their "ego states" - the Parent, Adult, and Child parts of their personality. Interactions are shaped by which ego states people engage with.
2) "Transactions" refer to any communication between two people, and can be complementary, crossed, or ulterior depending on whether the responses align with expectations.
3) People unconsciously send "strokes" or messages to each other through their communications and these can be positive or negative. Understanding transactions and strokes is key to TA's analysis of human interaction.
This document provides an overview of transactional analysis (TA). It discusses key concepts in TA including ego states (parent, adult, child), complementary vs crossed transactions, and life positions. TA is a model for understanding how and why people think, act, and interact the way they do. It emphasizes problem solving, mutual understanding and respect between people. Mastering TA can help people improve their communication, relationships, and emotional intelligence.
Eric Berne developed the theory of transactional analysis which analyzes human behavior and interactions. It examines a person's ego states (parent, adult, child) and how transactions between two or more people can be complementary, crossed, or ulterior. Berne also developed the concepts of life scripts, games people play, and analyzed behaviors and interactions using structural analysis, transactional analysis, game analysis and script analysis. Transactional analysis aims to understand human behavior and help people have more constructive interactions.
Transactional analysis provides a framework to better understand human relationships and interactions. It defines fundamental concepts like strokes, ego states, and life positions. Strokes are the basic units of social interactions, while ego states represent different aspects of personality. Common life positions reflect different views of self and others. Understanding games, scripts, and rituals can help explain repetitive behaviors and improve communication. Overall, transactional analysis aims to enhance self-awareness and interpersonal skills.
Transactional Analysis (TA) is a psychological theory and method of psychotherapy developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s and 1960s. It views human behavior through the framework of ego states called the Parent, Adult, and Child. Key concepts in TA include strokes, transactions between ego states, and life positions. TA aims to help people have more flexible, aware communication through understanding ego states and game playing.
Transactional Analysis (TA) is a theory that views personality as consisting of an internal Parent, Adult, and Child. Eric Berne discovered TA and proposed that people engage in ego states when interacting. Transactions are stimuli between people based on their current ego states. Straight transactions involve complementary ego states responding, while crossed transactions involve mismatched ego states. Berne also identified ulterior transactions, strokes, life scripts, existential positions, and games that people play for various psychological reasons. TA provides a framework for understanding interpersonal dynamics and improving communication.
Teacher student interaction ta approach newBhaskar Naidu
The document discusses some key concepts of transactional analysis (TA), including the three ego states of parent, adult, and child. It explains that transactions are exchanges between people from their different ego states, and that strokes (acts of recognition) are important in transactions. Effective communication in TA involves using complementary transactions that exchange positive strokes while being direct with any necessary negative feedback. The goal is to operate from an "I'm OK, you're OK" life position in interactions.
Transactional analysis is a theory developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s to study interactions between individuals. It views communication as occurring through three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. The Parent ego state represents learned behaviors from caregivers, the Adult focuses on processing information objectively, and the Child contains emotions from one's own childhood. Effective communication involves understanding which ego states are being used and balancing positive and negative strokes, which are units of recognition between individuals. Transactional analysis aims to improve interactions by analyzing complementary, crossed, and ulterior transactions.
1) TA posits that people's thoughts and behaviors are influenced by their "ego states" - the Parent, Adult, and Child parts of their personality. Interactions are shaped by which ego states people engage with.
2) "Transactions" refer to any communication between two people, and can be complementary, crossed, or ulterior depending on whether the responses align with expectations.
3) People unconsciously send "strokes" or messages to each other through their communications and these can be positive or negative. Understanding transactions and strokes is key to TA's analysis of human interaction.
This document provides an overview of transactional analysis (TA). It discusses key concepts in TA including ego states (parent, adult, child), complementary vs crossed transactions, and life positions. TA is a model for understanding how and why people think, act, and interact the way they do. It emphasizes problem solving, mutual understanding and respect between people. Mastering TA can help people improve their communication, relationships, and emotional intelligence.
Eric Berne developed the theory of transactional analysis which analyzes human behavior and interactions. It examines a person's ego states (parent, adult, child) and how transactions between two or more people can be complementary, crossed, or ulterior. Berne also developed the concepts of life scripts, games people play, and analyzed behaviors and interactions using structural analysis, transactional analysis, game analysis and script analysis. Transactional analysis aims to understand human behavior and help people have more constructive interactions.
Transactional analysis provides a framework to better understand human relationships and interactions. It defines fundamental concepts like strokes, ego states, and life positions. Strokes are the basic units of social interactions, while ego states represent different aspects of personality. Common life positions reflect different views of self and others. Understanding games, scripts, and rituals can help explain repetitive behaviors and improve communication. Overall, transactional analysis aims to enhance self-awareness and interpersonal skills.
Transactional Analysis (TA) is a psychological theory and method of psychotherapy developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s and 1960s. It views human behavior through the framework of ego states called the Parent, Adult, and Child. Key concepts in TA include strokes, transactions between ego states, and life positions. TA aims to help people have more flexible, aware communication through understanding ego states and game playing.
This is regard about transactional analysis and self awareness and also ego states and life positions it may useful our daily life because we communicate so many people in community that time the ego states are to be different we can have experience three ego states in daily life...
Transactional analysis (TA) is a theory of communication that views interactions between people in terms of ego states and transactions. TA was developed in the 1960s to understand behavior. It analyzes exchanges between two or more individuals (transactions) and examines personality structure (ego states). The ego consists of three parts - parent, adult, and child - that influence transactions. TA is used to understand behaviors, improve communication, and address dysfunctional relationship patterns like "games." While popular in therapy, TA lacks scientific evidence proving some of its key concepts.
Transactional analysis is a theory of psychology founded by Eric Berne that analyzes social interactions to determine an individual's ego state as parent, child, or adult. It can help with managerial styles, developing positive attitudes, harmonious relationships, organizational development, motivating employees, and implementing changes. The theory examines individual psyche, interpersonal transactions based on individual structures, repeating transaction sequences known as games, and lifetime plans called scripts.
Transactional analysis (TA) is a theory of communication developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s. According to TA, all human interactions or "transactions" involve exchanges between three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. Berne identified common dysfunctional interaction patterns called "games" and developed tools like the Johari Window and script analysis to improve self-awareness and interpersonal relationships. The goal of TA is more open, empathetic communication through increasing awareness of one's own and others' behaviors and motivations.
Transactional analysis is a theory that analyzes human behavior and communication. It was developed by Eric Berne and uses a model of ego states to explain how and why people think, act, and interact. The three ego states are the parent, adult, and child. The parent ego state is programmed by childhood experiences and role models. The adult ego state processes information objectively. The child ego state involves emotions learned from childhood. Effective communication involves complementary exchanges between people's adult ego states, while crossed or ulterior transactions are less direct.
Transactional analysis is a theory that views communication as an exchange between ego states. There are three ego states - the parent, adult, and child. Transactions can be complementary, where the response matches expectations, or crossed, where it does not. Life positions reflect basic beliefs about the self and others. Strokes refer to recognition and can be positive like praise or negative like criticism. TA provides a framework for understanding interactions and communication patterns between individuals.
Transactional analysis (TA) is a theory of psychology that analyzes human behavior and communication through interactions called "transactions". TA posits that people operate through three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. Understanding these ego states and the different types of transactions (complementary, crossed, ulterior) between them provides insights to improve interpersonal communication and relationships. TA was developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s and remains a widely used approach in modern psychology.
In this PPT we are going to talk about Transactional Analysis which comes under the subject of Organisational Behaviour.
So, if you're a student of BBA/MBA or B.com/M.com this PPT will surely gonna help you out.
Eric Berne developed Transactional Analysis (TA) which focuses on ego states (Parent, Adult, Child) and how they interact through transactions. Key aspects of TA include:
- Ego states are sets of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that can be activated depending on the situation.
- Transactions are how people interact and communicate through their different ego states. Complementary transactions promote open communication while crossed transactions inhibit it.
- Life scripts are unconscious life plans developed in response to early parental influences that program behaviors and decisions throughout life.
- Permissions and injunctions from parents establish what behaviors and feelings children are allowed or not allowed to have, influencing their life scripts. Understanding transactions and scripts can
Transactional Analysis cab be very helpful for people to improve their Interpersonal Relations and also have effective Communication, in organizational setup or in domestic
The document provides an overview of Transactional Analysis (TA), a theory of personality and psychotherapy developed by Eric Berne. It describes key aspects of TA including ego states (Parent, Adult, Child), transactions, complementary and crossed transactions, and life positions. TA views interactions as exchanges between ego states and provides a framework for understanding personality and improving communication. The document traces the history and development of TA by Berne and defines its central concepts for analyzing human interactions and behavior.
Transactional analysis is a theory of communication developed by Eric Berne. It views human interaction through three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. The Parent represents internalized social rules, the Child emotional reactions, and the Adult rational thinking. Complementary transactions are healthy interactions where responses match expectations, while crossed transactions mismatch and can cause problems. Ulterior transactions convey hidden meanings beyond the surface message. The Johari window model aims to increase self-awareness through disclosure and feedback between participants.
The document discusses the basics of Transactional Analysis (TA), a theory of communication developed by Eric Berne in the 1960s. Some key points of TA include:
- It analyzes communication transactions between people as complementary, crossed, or ulterior.
- It describes different ego states (parent, adult, child) that influence communication styles.
- It proposes different life positions or filters through which people view the world.
- It identifies common psychological games people play in relationships and communication.
This document provides an introduction to transactional analysis, which is a technique used to better understand interpersonal relationships and behavior. It discusses key concepts in transactional analysis, including analysis of self-awareness using the Johari window model, analysis of ego states (parent, adult, child), analysis of transactions between ego states, script analysis, analysis of life positions, stroking as a way people seek recognition, and analysis of common psychological games people play. The overall purpose of transactional analysis is to improve understanding of oneself and others in interpersonal interactions.
Transactional analysis (TA) studies social interactions between people. It views interactions as transactions that occur between three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. A healthy personality balances these states. TA aims to improve communication and relationships by increasing understanding of ego states and how people give and receive recognition (strokes). It has applications for leadership, conflict resolution, and improving interpersonal communication in organizations.
Transaction analysis is about how two people communicate with each other and how they can improve their behavior and overall personality. As a result it helps in improving interpersonal communication
The document provides an overview of Eric Berne's theory of Transactional Analysis (TA). It describes how TA views human behavior and interactions through three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. The Parent ego state represents learned behaviors from caregivers, the Adult represents rational thinking, and the Child represents emotions. Modern TA expanded on this model and now conceptualizes each ego state as having positive and negative aspects. The document recommends several books on TA and its applications in therapy, relationships, and organizational settings.
This document provides an overview of transactional analysis (TA), a model developed by Eric Berne for understanding human interaction and communication. [1] TA posits that people have three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child - and that interactions, or "transactions", between two people involve messages moving between their different ego states. [2] Transactions can be complementary, crossed, or ulterior. TA is used for behavioral, social, historical, and phenomenological diagnosis and has applications in organizational development to improve communication, relationships, and personal growth.
Transactional analysis is a personality theory developed by Eric Berne that views a person as comprising three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. Berne proposed that people communicate through transactions between their ego states, and that unhealthy interactions can take the form of crossed transactions. He also introduced the concepts of life scripts, existential positions, strokes, games, and contracts to understand interpersonal relationships and facilitate change. Transactional analysis was influenced by Freud's psychoanalysis but focuses more on observable behaviors and interactions between people.
Transactional Analysis is a personality theory developed by Dr. Eric Berne in the 1950s. It views personality as comprising three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. Berne believed transactions between individuals are based on the ego states engaged at the time. Straight transactions involve complementary ego states responding, while crossed transactions involve mismatched states. Berne explored how people engage in recurring patterns of transactions called "games" and developed scripts from early childhood decisions. Transactional Analysis aims to improve communication and relationships through analyzing ego states and transaction types.
Transactional Analysis (TA) is a theory developed by Eric Berne that views personality as composed of three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. Berne proposed that people communicate through transactions between these ego states. Straight transactions are healthy, while crossed transactions are less so. Berne also introduced the concepts of strokes, life scripts, existential positions, and games - patterns of transactions used to meet psychological needs. TA aims to bring awareness to ego states and transactional patterns to improve communication and relationships.
This is regard about transactional analysis and self awareness and also ego states and life positions it may useful our daily life because we communicate so many people in community that time the ego states are to be different we can have experience three ego states in daily life...
Transactional analysis (TA) is a theory of communication that views interactions between people in terms of ego states and transactions. TA was developed in the 1960s to understand behavior. It analyzes exchanges between two or more individuals (transactions) and examines personality structure (ego states). The ego consists of three parts - parent, adult, and child - that influence transactions. TA is used to understand behaviors, improve communication, and address dysfunctional relationship patterns like "games." While popular in therapy, TA lacks scientific evidence proving some of its key concepts.
Transactional analysis is a theory of psychology founded by Eric Berne that analyzes social interactions to determine an individual's ego state as parent, child, or adult. It can help with managerial styles, developing positive attitudes, harmonious relationships, organizational development, motivating employees, and implementing changes. The theory examines individual psyche, interpersonal transactions based on individual structures, repeating transaction sequences known as games, and lifetime plans called scripts.
Transactional analysis (TA) is a theory of communication developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s. According to TA, all human interactions or "transactions" involve exchanges between three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. Berne identified common dysfunctional interaction patterns called "games" and developed tools like the Johari Window and script analysis to improve self-awareness and interpersonal relationships. The goal of TA is more open, empathetic communication through increasing awareness of one's own and others' behaviors and motivations.
Transactional analysis is a theory that analyzes human behavior and communication. It was developed by Eric Berne and uses a model of ego states to explain how and why people think, act, and interact. The three ego states are the parent, adult, and child. The parent ego state is programmed by childhood experiences and role models. The adult ego state processes information objectively. The child ego state involves emotions learned from childhood. Effective communication involves complementary exchanges between people's adult ego states, while crossed or ulterior transactions are less direct.
Transactional analysis is a theory that views communication as an exchange between ego states. There are three ego states - the parent, adult, and child. Transactions can be complementary, where the response matches expectations, or crossed, where it does not. Life positions reflect basic beliefs about the self and others. Strokes refer to recognition and can be positive like praise or negative like criticism. TA provides a framework for understanding interactions and communication patterns between individuals.
Transactional analysis (TA) is a theory of psychology that analyzes human behavior and communication through interactions called "transactions". TA posits that people operate through three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. Understanding these ego states and the different types of transactions (complementary, crossed, ulterior) between them provides insights to improve interpersonal communication and relationships. TA was developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s and remains a widely used approach in modern psychology.
In this PPT we are going to talk about Transactional Analysis which comes under the subject of Organisational Behaviour.
So, if you're a student of BBA/MBA or B.com/M.com this PPT will surely gonna help you out.
Eric Berne developed Transactional Analysis (TA) which focuses on ego states (Parent, Adult, Child) and how they interact through transactions. Key aspects of TA include:
- Ego states are sets of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that can be activated depending on the situation.
- Transactions are how people interact and communicate through their different ego states. Complementary transactions promote open communication while crossed transactions inhibit it.
- Life scripts are unconscious life plans developed in response to early parental influences that program behaviors and decisions throughout life.
- Permissions and injunctions from parents establish what behaviors and feelings children are allowed or not allowed to have, influencing their life scripts. Understanding transactions and scripts can
Transactional Analysis cab be very helpful for people to improve their Interpersonal Relations and also have effective Communication, in organizational setup or in domestic
The document provides an overview of Transactional Analysis (TA), a theory of personality and psychotherapy developed by Eric Berne. It describes key aspects of TA including ego states (Parent, Adult, Child), transactions, complementary and crossed transactions, and life positions. TA views interactions as exchanges between ego states and provides a framework for understanding personality and improving communication. The document traces the history and development of TA by Berne and defines its central concepts for analyzing human interactions and behavior.
Transactional analysis is a theory of communication developed by Eric Berne. It views human interaction through three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. The Parent represents internalized social rules, the Child emotional reactions, and the Adult rational thinking. Complementary transactions are healthy interactions where responses match expectations, while crossed transactions mismatch and can cause problems. Ulterior transactions convey hidden meanings beyond the surface message. The Johari window model aims to increase self-awareness through disclosure and feedback between participants.
The document discusses the basics of Transactional Analysis (TA), a theory of communication developed by Eric Berne in the 1960s. Some key points of TA include:
- It analyzes communication transactions between people as complementary, crossed, or ulterior.
- It describes different ego states (parent, adult, child) that influence communication styles.
- It proposes different life positions or filters through which people view the world.
- It identifies common psychological games people play in relationships and communication.
This document provides an introduction to transactional analysis, which is a technique used to better understand interpersonal relationships and behavior. It discusses key concepts in transactional analysis, including analysis of self-awareness using the Johari window model, analysis of ego states (parent, adult, child), analysis of transactions between ego states, script analysis, analysis of life positions, stroking as a way people seek recognition, and analysis of common psychological games people play. The overall purpose of transactional analysis is to improve understanding of oneself and others in interpersonal interactions.
Transactional analysis (TA) studies social interactions between people. It views interactions as transactions that occur between three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. A healthy personality balances these states. TA aims to improve communication and relationships by increasing understanding of ego states and how people give and receive recognition (strokes). It has applications for leadership, conflict resolution, and improving interpersonal communication in organizations.
Transaction analysis is about how two people communicate with each other and how they can improve their behavior and overall personality. As a result it helps in improving interpersonal communication
The document provides an overview of Eric Berne's theory of Transactional Analysis (TA). It describes how TA views human behavior and interactions through three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. The Parent ego state represents learned behaviors from caregivers, the Adult represents rational thinking, and the Child represents emotions. Modern TA expanded on this model and now conceptualizes each ego state as having positive and negative aspects. The document recommends several books on TA and its applications in therapy, relationships, and organizational settings.
This document provides an overview of transactional analysis (TA), a model developed by Eric Berne for understanding human interaction and communication. [1] TA posits that people have three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child - and that interactions, or "transactions", between two people involve messages moving between their different ego states. [2] Transactions can be complementary, crossed, or ulterior. TA is used for behavioral, social, historical, and phenomenological diagnosis and has applications in organizational development to improve communication, relationships, and personal growth.
Transactional analysis is a personality theory developed by Eric Berne that views a person as comprising three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. Berne proposed that people communicate through transactions between their ego states, and that unhealthy interactions can take the form of crossed transactions. He also introduced the concepts of life scripts, existential positions, strokes, games, and contracts to understand interpersonal relationships and facilitate change. Transactional analysis was influenced by Freud's psychoanalysis but focuses more on observable behaviors and interactions between people.
Transactional Analysis is a personality theory developed by Dr. Eric Berne in the 1950s. It views personality as comprising three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. Berne believed transactions between individuals are based on the ego states engaged at the time. Straight transactions involve complementary ego states responding, while crossed transactions involve mismatched states. Berne explored how people engage in recurring patterns of transactions called "games" and developed scripts from early childhood decisions. Transactional Analysis aims to improve communication and relationships through analyzing ego states and transaction types.
Transactional Analysis (TA) is a theory developed by Eric Berne that views personality as composed of three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child. Berne proposed that people communicate through transactions between these ego states. Straight transactions are healthy, while crossed transactions are less so. Berne also introduced the concepts of strokes, life scripts, existential positions, and games - patterns of transactions used to meet psychological needs. TA aims to bring awareness to ego states and transactional patterns to improve communication and relationships.
Transactional analysis in psychotherapyTejal Patil
Transactional Analysis is a personality theory which gives us a picture of how people are structured psychologically. It is a method of understanding communication between people, a system of analyzing and understanding human relationship.
Transactional analysis focuses on understanding human behavior through analyzing ego states and transactions between people. It posits that each person operates from a parent, child, or adult ego state. Transactions can be complementary if both parties use the same ego state, crossed if different ego states are used, or ulterior if a hidden ego state is present. The theory also emphasizes the importance of strokes, or recognition and feedback between people, in shaping behavior and structuring interactions.
Transactional analysis (TA) was formulated by Eric Berne in the 1960s as a model of psychotherapy and personality theory. It views personality as comprising three ego states - parent, adult, and child. The goal of TA therapy is to help clients transform themselves by identifying distorted ego states and restoring healthy communication patterns. Key concepts include strokes, transactions, games, and life scripts. While providing a simple framework, TA has been criticized for its cognitive focus and lack of empirical support since Berne's death.
Transactional analysis (TA) was formulated by Eric Berne in the 1960s as a model of psychotherapy and personality theory. It views personality as comprising three ego states - parent, adult, and child. The goal of TA therapy is to help clients transform themselves by identifying distorted ego states and restoring healthy communication patterns. Key concepts include transactions between ego states, games people play, and life scripts formed in childhood. TA aims to increase self-awareness and autonomy through techniques like treatment contracting, interrogation, and script analysis.
Transactional analysis is a technique for understanding interpersonal behavior and relationships. It was introduced by Eric Berne and focuses on analyzing self-awareness, ego states, transactions, scripts, life positions, stroking, and games. The key concepts are that people interact through three ego states - parent, adult, and child - and that transactions occur between two people based on their ego states. Transactional analysis aims to improve self-awareness and interpersonal communication.
Transactional analysis is a technique for understanding interpersonal behavior and relationships. It was introduced by Eric Berne and focuses on analyzing self-awareness, ego states, transactions, scripts, life positions, stroking, and games. The key concepts are that people interact through three ego states - parent, adult, and child - and that transactions occur between two people based on their ego states. Transactional analysis aims to improve self-awareness and interpersonal communication.
Transactional analysis is a technique used to understand interpersonal relationships and behavior, especially in organizations. It was introduced by Eric Berne and views personality and dynamics through ego states (parent, adult, child) and transactions between individuals. Key concepts include analysis of self-awareness using the Johari window model, understanding ego states and how they influence transactions, analyzing communication patterns and "games" people play, and identifying core beliefs about self and others through life positions and use of recognition ("stroking"). The goal is improved self-understanding and interpersonal relationships.
The document provides an overview of Transactional Analysis (TA), a theory developed by Eric Berne in the 1960s. Some key points:
- TA focuses on analyzing interactions (transactions) between individuals and identifying the ego states (Parent, Adult, Child) behind each transaction.
- Complementary transactions are healthy, while crossed and ulterior transactions can be problematic. Ulterior transactions convey a hidden message.
- Repeating problematic transaction patterns form "games" people play. Berne identified a common game formula of Con-Gimmick-Response-Switch-Crossup-Payoff.
- Script analysis examines unconscious life decisions formed in childhood that influence one's behavior and decisions as an adult
This document provides an overview of interpersonal behavior and transactional analysis. It discusses that interpersonal behavior is shaped by communication skills, emotional intelligence, and social skills. It then explains the Johari window model and how it can help people understand their interpersonal relationships and communication. Transactional analysis is introduced as the study of social transactions between people in terms of stimulus and response. The concepts of ego states, life positions, strokes, script analysis, and time structuring are defined in transactional analysis. Advantages of using transactional analysis to improve interpersonal communication are also highlighted.
tranasctional analysis and johari window.pptxVarunPrem
This document provides an overview of Transactional Analysis and the Johari Window model. It discusses:
- Eric Berne's development of Transactional Analysis and the three ego states - Parent, Adult, and Child
- The meaning of transactions and types of transactions between people (complementary, non-complementary, ulterior)
- The four quadrants of the Johari Window model - Open Self, Hidden Self, Blind Self, and Undiscovered Self - and how they relate to interpersonal dynamics and potential for conflict
- Berne's concept of "life positions" describing basic assumptions people develop about their own and others' self-worth
This document summarizes several theories of personality and psychology. It discusses Freud's concepts of the id, ego, and superego. It also outlines Erik Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development from infancy to late adulthood. Additionally, it provides overviews of Raymond Cattell's 16 personality factors, Eric Berne's transactional analysis including ego states and types of transactions, and Berne's concept of life positions.
The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis. Eric Berne defined an ego state as a consistent pattern of feeling and experience directly related to a corresponding consistent pattern of behaviour.
Transactional analysis is a social psychology theory developed by Eric Berne that analyzes social interactions. It focuses on analyzing self-awareness, ego states (parent, child, adult), transactions between people, and life scripts. The ego states represent internalized recordings from early childhood - the parent ego contains rules and values learned from caregivers, the child ego contains emotions, and the adult ego allows rational analysis. Transactions between people can be complementary, crossed, or covert depending on which ego states are involved. Script analysis aims to help people and organizations recognize unhealthy life patterns learned early on so they can choose to act autonomously in the present.
The document discusses transactional analysis, which is a technique used to better understand interpersonal relationships and behavior. It focuses on analyzing self-awareness, ego states including parent, adult and child, transactions between individuals, scripts that guide behavior, life positions regarding self and others, stroking or recognition needs, and psychological games people play. The goal of transactional analysis is to improve communication, understand motivations and enhance organizational development through clearer analysis of interpersonal dynamics.
Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, U...Sarath Thomas
Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, Usages in a very simple and Lucid language . One basic approach to study interpersonal relations in an organisational system is transactional analysis.
This analysis deals with understanding, predicting and controlling interpersonal relationships.
New microsoft office word document (3)Reshma Zahra
The document provides an overview of Transactional Analysis theory as developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s and expanded upon by others since. It discusses the key concepts of ego states (Parent, Adult, Child), transactions between people from different ego states, and the modern subdivision of ego states into more detailed categories. Transactional Analysis aims to understand personality, communication patterns, and repetitive behaviors through analyzing stimuli and responses between people's ego states.
This document provides information about professional communication and the communication process. It discusses key aspects of communication including definitions, characteristics, importance of feedback, and communication patterns. Transactional analysis is described as a theory that analyzes human communication in terms of three ego states - parent, adult, and child. The parent ego state contains teachings and rules imposed during early childhood. The adult ego state rationally evaluates situations. The child ego state contains emotions from childhood experiences. Effective communication involves sending messages from complementary ego states between individuals.
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Covey says most people look for quick fixes. They see a big success and want to know how he did it, believing (and hoping) they can do the same following a quick bullet list.
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2. Overview:
• Transactional Analysis is a personality theory
which gives us a picture of how people are
structured psychologically.
• Transactional Analysis is underpinned by the
philosophy that people can change and we all
have a right to be in the world and be accepted.
• Transactional Analysis (TA) was greatly
influenced by one of the foremost theories in
Personality, the Psychoanalysis by Sigmund
Freud
3. • But Freud’s greatest contribution to Eric
Berne’s theory was the fact that the
human personality is multi-faceted
• Another contributory to Eric Berne’s
theory would be Dr. Wilder Penfield who
did experiments on the application of
electrical currents to specific regions of
the brain.
• Berne mapped interpersonal
relationships to three ego-states of the
individuals involved: the Parent,
Adult, and Child state.
4. • He then investigated communications
between individuals based on the current
state of each. He called these
interpersonal
interactions transactions and used the
label games to refer to certain patterns of
transactions which popped up repeatedly
in everyday life.
5. The Theorist • Eric Berne was born on
May 10, 1910 in Montreal
Quebec, Canada, as
Leonard Eric Bernstein.
• ErIc Berne came to the
United States in 1935.
• In 1936, he began his
psychiatric residency at the
Psychiatric Clinic of Yale
University School of
Medicine, where he worked
for two years.
6. • Around 1938-1939,
Berne became an
American citizen
and shortened his
name Eric Leonard
Bernstein to Eric
Berne.
• He also went into
the Army Medical
Corps
7. • Eric Berne married
thrice and was
divorced twice in
his whole life.
• In 1947 he began
to work with Erik
Erikson; their
working
relationship lasted
for two years.
8. • Berne's work
began to diverge
from the
mainstream of
psychoanalytic
thought.
• In 1949 when he
was rejected for
membership in the
San Francisco
Psychoanalytic
Institute.
10. • Eric died on July 15,
1970. Eric Berne is
buried at the El
Carmelo Cemetery in
Pacific Grove,
California.
11. The Theory
• A transaction – the fundamental unit of social
intercourse.
• A transactional stimulus. If two or more people
encounter each other…sooner or later one of
them will speak, or give some other indication of
acknowledging the presence of the others.
• A transactional response. Another person will
then say or do something which is in some way
related to the stimulus.
12. • The Agent. The person sending the stimulus.
• Respondent. The person who responds.
13. Berne’s Three Ego States
• The human brain works like a camcorder it
records all our thoughts, feelings and
emotions since childhood which we tend to
replay in our adult life.
• Ego state - a consistent pattern of feeling and
experience directly related to a
corresponding consistent pattern of
behavior.
14. Parent
• This is a set of
feelings, thinking
and behavior that
we have copied
from our parents
and significant
others.
• Examples of
recordings in the
Parent include:
• “Never talk to
strangers”
• “Always chew with
your mouth
closed”
• “Look both ways
before you cross
the street
15.
16. Adult
• ego state is about direct responses to the here
and now. We deal with things that are going on
today in ways that are not unhealthily influenced
by our past.
• “Wow. It really is true that pot handles
should always be turned into the stove”
said Sally as she saw her brother burn
himself when he grabbed a pot handle
sticking out from the stove.”
17. Child
• – is a set of behaviors, thoughts and feelings
which are replayed from our own childhood.
• - Child are the emotions or feelings which
accompanied external events.
• “When I saw the monster’s face, I felt really
scared”
• “The clown at the birthday party was really
funny”
18.
19. Analyzing Transactions
• Structural analysis - the process of analysing
personality in terms of ego states.
• Straight transactions (or complementary
transactions) - the response must go back from the
receiving ego state to the sending ego state.
• simplest transactions are between Adult - Adult ego states.
• Parent – Child transactions are almost as simple as Adult-
Adult transactions
20. • Crossed Transaction.
Not all transactions between humans are healthy or normal.
In those cases, the transaction is classified as
a crossed transaction.
• In a crossed transaction, an ego state different than the
ego state which received the stimuli is the one that
responds.
• Example:
• Agent’s Adult: “Do you know where my cuff links are?”
(note that this stimuli is directed at the Respondents
Adult).
• Respondent’s Child: “You always blame me for
everything!”
21. • When we learn to recognize and differentiate
between straight and crossed transactions we
increase our ability to communicate clearly
with others. Conversations made up of straight
transactions are more emotionally satisfying
and productive than conversations that have
frequent crossed transactions.
22. • Transactional Analysts will pay attention to all of
the cues including non-verbal cues when
analyzing a transaction and identifying which
ego states are involved.
• Dr. Mehrabian
▫ Actual Words – 7%
▫ The Way words are delivered (tone, accents on
certain words, etc.) – 38%
▫ Facial expressions – 55%
23. Parent
• Physical - angry or
impatient body-
language and
expressions,
finger-pointing,
patronising
gestures,
• Verbal - always,
never, for once and
for all, judgmental
words, critical
words, patronising
language, posturing
language.
24. Child
• Physical -
emotionally sad
expressions,
despair, temper
tantrums, whining
voice, delight,
laughter, speaking
behind hand, raising
hand to speak,
squirming and
giggling.
• Verbal - baby talk, I
wish, I dunno, I
want, I'm gonna, I
don't care, oh no,
not again, things
never go right for
me, worst day of my
life, bigger, biggest,
best, many
superlatives, words
to impress.
25. Adult
Physical -
attentive,
interested,
straight-forward,
tilted head, non-
threatening and
non-threatened.
• Verbal - why, what,
how, who, where and
when, how much, in
what way,
comparative
expressions,
reasoned statements,
true, false, probably,
possibly, I think, I
realise, I see, I
believe, in my opinion
26. Ulterior Transactions
• Berne says that we can communicate on
two levels. There is the social message –
what we say, and the psychological
message – what we mean.
•
• Sarcasm is a great example of this. When
we are sarcastic what we say is the
opposite of what we mean.
27.
Strokes
• Berne defined a stroke as the “fundamental
unit of social action.”
• Berne introduced the idea of strokes into
Transactional Analysis based upon the work
of Rene Spitz, a researcher who did
pioneering work in the area of child
development
• Berne postulated that adults need physical
contact just like infants, but have learned to
substitute other types of recognition instead
of physical stimulation
28. • Berne defined the term recognition-
hunger as this requirement of adults to
receive strokes.
• Positive or Negative, is better than no
strokes at all. Or, as summarized in TA
Today, “any stroke is better than no
stroke at all.”
29. Life Scripts and Early Decisions
• A life script is an unconscious life plan
based on decisions made in early
childhood about ourselves, others, and
our lives.
• The early decision (or sets of early
decisions) is the most important part of
our life script
• It is what we do with these messages that
are so important.
32. • First Degree games are played in social
circles generally lead to mild upsets not
major traumas.
• Second Degree games occur when the
stakes may be higher. This usually occurs
in more intimate circles, and ends up with
an even greater negative payoff.
• Third Degree games involve tissue
damage and may end up in the jail,
hospital or morgue.
33. People play games for these reasons:
• to structure time
• to acquire strokes
• to maintain the substitute feeling and the system
of thinking, beliefs and actions that go with it
• to confirm parental injunctions and further the
life script
• to maintain the person's life position by "proving"
that self/others are not OK
• to provide a high level of stroke exchange while
blocking intimacy and maintaining distance
• to make people predictable
34. Examples of games players are:
• The Persecutor: "if it weren't for you",
"see what you made me do", "yes, but".
• The Rescuer: "I'm only trying to help",
"what would you do without me?"
• The Victim: "this always happens to me",
"poor old me", "go on, kick me".
35. Contracts
• An agreement entered into by both
client and therapist to pursue specific
changes that the client desires
39. Discussion
Similarities to Other Theories
•Transactional Analysis (TA) first and foremost is
similar to that of Sigmund Freud’s three
components of the personality.
•Humanistic perspective particularly Carl Roger’s
humanistic psychology. Both theorists believe that
people can change and grow.
40.
Differences from Other Theories
• Eric Berne focused on the treatment of the
observable transactions known as "games"
rather than on the unconscious drives for sex
and hunger of that of Freud.
41. Critical Analysis
•Transactional Analysis is indeed a fresh
method in our approach to understanding
ourselves. I find it very simple and quite
easy to understand, since it uses terms that
are of our age which many people could
easily relate to it.
•I also agree to TA ‘s philosophy that indeed
we as human being have the right to be here
and we have the capacity to change and
grow.
43. • Dr. Eric Berne tried to play games with
Frank Sinatra and nearly go his teeth
kicked in. Their playground was The
Daisy, a private discotheque in Beverly
Hills.
44. • At The Daisy, Dr. Berne’s Child had tried to
engage Mr. Sinatra’s Child, but instead reached
the singer’s puritanical Parent. Deeply offended,
this Parent decided to punish this obstreperous
Child and called on two men retained for that
purpose. Within the doctor’s framework, only
this duo behaved as Adults. If part of their job
was to threaten other people’s teeth, and if they
fulfilled their contract, then their actions were
rational, and neither their Child nor their Parent
showing.