Transactional Analysis (TA) is the study of social transactions where individuals exchange stimuli and responses, revealing their ego states: Parent, Adult, and Child. Each ego state influences behavior and decision-making, with the Child representing emotions and creativity, the Adult focusing on data processing, and the Parent reflecting learned behaviors from caregivers. TA aims to improve interpersonal communication and understanding, enabling healthier interactions and personal growth.

1. Transactional analysis

2. What is Transactional Analysis ?
When two people interact with each other ,they engage in social transactions ,in one
person responds to the other.Study of such “Social Transactions “is called
“Transactional Analysis “
A Transaction is an exchange of two strokes between two people.The first stroke is
called “Stimulus” ,the second is called ‘Response’ .

3. To understand transactional analysis we must first understand the ego
states.
Each human being has three ego states depending upon how a person is
behaving at any given time
1.Parent ego state
2.Adult ego state
3.Child ego state

6. Child ego state
• Seat of emotions, thoughts and memories from childhood .
• The child ego state has the liberty of fun , loving and carefree behavior
• It is storehouse of creativity
It is a set of behaviors ,thoughts and feelings
replayed from our childhood.
These are permanent recordings and can’t be
erased.
The happy and pleasurable events are recorded in
CHILD.
In our child reside creativity, curiosity and the
desire to know and the urge to touch and feel.

7. As in the case of Parent, the Child is a state which brings the feelings which we felt at
that time .
Creativity is born from curiosity in the Child, as it provides “want to “and Adult
provides “how to “
In our child is a vast store of positive data. In our Child are recorded countless
experience of the firsts of life.

8. Adult ego state
• Oriented towards current reality and
objectivity gathering of information.
• Data processing center.
• This is a role of care ,concern , respect,
responsibility and maturity .
 At about 8-10 months of age ,the child starts creeping ,crawling and walking .He starts playing with a cup and
pretends to drink.
 At the age of 10 months ,comes his own awareness and original thoughts. This is the beginning of Adult.
 He starts gathering and processing data.This is thought process and is different from the earlier felt concept I
the child.

9.  Adult during this period is very fragile. It is easily knocked down by commands
from parents.
 The Adult is a data processing computer. The adult starts testing the Parent data and
updates it. It also updates Child data.
 The ongoing work consists of checking out old data,valdating or invalidating and
refilling it for future use.

10. Parent ego state
P
Set of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors learnt from parents or other care takers.
Nurturing Parent :Soft, loving and permission giving
While in parent ego state ,people treat others like children.
Critical parent :
This is a role where people becomes authoritative ; caring ; controlling ;and
sometimes bossy .
 This pertains to behavior ,thoughts and feelings copied from parents
 The Parent is a huge collection of recordings in the brain of imposed external events perceived in the early years
(roughly the first 5 years )
 Everything the child saw the parents do and everything he heard them say ,are recorded straight without editing in his
PARENT

11. There are thousands of “No's and Don’ts that bombarded the child .
Parent data appear in “how to category “ , ”How to hit a nail”, How to eat “
On the basis of these feelings the child concludes -
I.I am not ok –You are Ok
But, sometimes parent says one thing but does another thing like says “don’t lie
"but tells lies himself.
It is not safe for the child to question this inconsistency. He defends himself by
turning off the recording.

12. Ego states
Acting ,thinking ,feeling like your parent
Dealing with current realities, gathering facts objectivity
Acting or feeling like you did when you were a child

15. ‘I am not OK – You are OK ‘ :
This is a feeling of inferiority.
‘I am not Ok – you are not Ok
By the end of first year the child starts walking. He is no longer picked up. Mother's stroking stops
entirely. The life which was comfortable in the first year becomes difficult. Punishment comes harder.
The child concludes ‘I am not Ok –you are not Ok “
I am not Ok –you are not Ok
The child who is brutalized long enough by parents will switch over to this position of I am Ok –you
are not Ok
I am ok – You are Ok
The earlier three positions have been based on childhood feelings ,but this fourth position is based on
‘Thought and faith'. It is a decision we make.
The Adult can comprehend. We have the presence of old recordings, but we can choose to turn them
off.

16. PSYCHOLOGICAL POSITIONS
I am Ok, you are ok – Mentally healthy position
Realistic people, can solve problems on their own
Accepts significance of others
This is the best known expression of the purpose of Transactional Analysis ,which is
1.To reinforce the position that recognizes the value and worth of every person.
2.Transactional Analysis regard people as basically “Ok “ and thus capable of change, growth, and healthy interactions.
I am Ok,You are not –Ok – Person feels victimized. So Victimizes others.
Blame others for their miseries
I am not ok –You are Ok – Feel powerless when compare with others
Leads them to withdraw, to experience depression
Suicidal
I am not ok –you are not ok – Lost interest in living

17. Stroking and Life positions
• Physically one strokes other by shaking hands ,clapping ,hugging ,smiling.
• Countless physical strokes are exchanged between people everyday and each stroke stimulates its own
physical response.
• Psychological strokes deal with recognizing others with words ,gestures and behavior.
• Psycological strokes are A Recognition of others and ca be positive or negative in nature.
• Respecting ,praising and thanking people are positive strokes,while criticizing and ignoring them are
negative strokes .

25. Three rules of Communication
1.Complementary Transactions :Communication remains open
2.Crossed Transactions : Communication stops
3.Complex Transactions : Outcome is predicated only at the psychological level

26.  Advantages of T.A
 Improves Interpersonal Communication
 Simple to learn
 Applicable to Motivation
 Helps in Organizational Development
 Can be used at home as well as in Office
 It can be effectively used to understand the secrets of human behavior and often works better in
improving relationships.

27. Source :Open source/google