Toxocariasis
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Final project for my class in Parasitology. Designed to fit with other medical brochures at the veterinarian's office. Provides useful information for pet owners regarding Toxocara parasites.
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Toxocariasis (roundworms)
Toxocariasis is caused by roundworm infection from dogs or cats. Humans can become infected by accidentally ingesting roundworm eggs from contaminated soil or hands. This can cause visceral larva migrans affecting organs like the liver and lungs, or ocular larva migrans affecting the eye. Common symptoms include fever, cough, vision issues, and organ tenderness. Diagnosis involves blood tests and imaging, while treatment uses anthelmintic drugs. Preventing infection involves deworming pets and good hand hygiene.
About ToToxocari̇asi̇s
Toxocariasis is caused by the roundworm Toxocara canis or T. cati infecting humans. The worms normally infect dogs and cats as definitive hosts. Humans can become infected by ingesting embryonated eggs from contaminated soil or surfaces. This causes the larvae to hatch and migrate through the body, potentially causing visceral larva migrans or ocular larva migrans. Albendazole is the recommended treatment for toxocariasis.
Clonorchiasis
infestation with or disease caused by Clonorchis sinensis
invades bile ducts of the liver after ingestion in uncooked fish and when present in large numbers causes severe systemic reactions
TICK BORNE ENCEPHALITIS
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an illness caused by a virus transmitted through the bite of infected ticks. It is endemic in parts of Europe and Asia. The virus is maintained in a natural cycle between ticks and small rodents, though humans can become infected as accidental hosts. TBE has an initial febrile phase followed by potential central nervous system involvement causing meningitis, encephalitis or myelitis. Diagnosis involves detecting IgM antibodies or isolating the virus from blood or cerebrospinal fluid. While there is no specific treatment, prevention focuses on avoiding tick bites through protective clothing and repellents as well as vaccination in endemic areas of Europe.
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- It is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatomine bugs.
- It affects 8-10 million people in Latin America with 300,000-400,000 cases in non-endemic countries.
- The acute phase causes symptoms like fever and swelling while the chronic phase can cause heart and digestive disorders.
- Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of blood or serological tests. Treatment involves antiparasitic drugs.
- A study in Bogota, Colombia compared treatment of 41 Chagas patients to 77 non-Chagas patients with heart failure and found no significant differences in mortality or quality of care received
Strongyloidiasis
Strongyloides is a genus of parasitic roundworms that can infect humans and other primates. It causes strongyloidiasis in humans through skin penetration of the infective filariform larval stage. The infection may remain asymptomatic but can become life-threatening if it spreads throughout the body (disseminated) in immunocompromised individuals. Diagnosis involves detecting larvae in stool samples. Treatment involves anthelmintic drugs like ivermectin. Prevention relies on good hygiene practices to avoid skin contact with contaminated soil.
Trichinellosis
The document discusses Trichinella spiralis, a roundworm parasite that causes trichinellosis in humans. It infects humans who consume undercooked meat, especially pork, containing larvae encysted in muscle tissue. The life cycle involves larvae infecting the intestines and developing into adult worms, which reproduce and release larvae that migrate through the bloodstream to encyst in striated muscle. Symptoms vary from mild to severe depending on infection level, and include gastrointestinal, muscular, and systemic inflammatory reactions. Diagnosis involves exposure history, clinical presentation, and laboratory tests like blood counts, muscle biopsy, and serology to detect antibodies.
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Toxocariasis (roundworms)
Toxocariasis is caused by roundworm infection from dogs or cats. Humans can become infected by accidentally ingesting roundworm eggs from contaminated soil or hands. This can cause visceral larva migrans affecting organs like the liver and lungs, or ocular larva migrans affecting the eye. Common symptoms include fever, cough, vision issues, and organ tenderness. Diagnosis involves blood tests and imaging, while treatment uses anthelmintic drugs. Preventing infection involves deworming pets and good hand hygiene.
About ToToxocari̇asi̇s
Toxocariasis is caused by the roundworm Toxocara canis or T. cati infecting humans. The worms normally infect dogs and cats as definitive hosts. Humans can become infected by ingesting embryonated eggs from contaminated soil or surfaces. This causes the larvae to hatch and migrate through the body, potentially causing visceral larva migrans or ocular larva migrans. Albendazole is the recommended treatment for toxocariasis.
Clonorchiasis
infestation with or disease caused by Clonorchis sinensis
invades bile ducts of the liver after ingestion in uncooked fish and when present in large numbers causes severe systemic reactions
TICK BORNE ENCEPHALITIS
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an illness caused by a virus transmitted through the bite of infected ticks. It is endemic in parts of Europe and Asia. The virus is maintained in a natural cycle between ticks and small rodents, though humans can become infected as accidental hosts. TBE has an initial febrile phase followed by potential central nervous system involvement causing meningitis, encephalitis or myelitis. Diagnosis involves detecting IgM antibodies or isolating the virus from blood or cerebrospinal fluid. While there is no specific treatment, prevention focuses on avoiding tick bites through protective clothing and repellents as well as vaccination in endemic areas of Europe.
Chagas ppt
This document provides information on Chagas disease, including:
- It is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatomine bugs.
- It affects 8-10 million people in Latin America with 300,000-400,000 cases in non-endemic countries.
- The acute phase causes symptoms like fever and swelling while the chronic phase can cause heart and digestive disorders.
- Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of blood or serological tests. Treatment involves antiparasitic drugs.
- A study in Bogota, Colombia compared treatment of 41 Chagas patients to 77 non-Chagas patients with heart failure and found no significant differences in mortality or quality of care received
Strongyloidiasis
Strongyloides is a genus of parasitic roundworms that can infect humans and other primates. It causes strongyloidiasis in humans through skin penetration of the infective filariform larval stage. The infection may remain asymptomatic but can become life-threatening if it spreads throughout the body (disseminated) in immunocompromised individuals. Diagnosis involves detecting larvae in stool samples. Treatment involves anthelmintic drugs like ivermectin. Prevention relies on good hygiene practices to avoid skin contact with contaminated soil.
Trichinellosis
The document discusses Trichinella spiralis, a roundworm parasite that causes trichinellosis in humans. It infects humans who consume undercooked meat, especially pork, containing larvae encysted in muscle tissue. The life cycle involves larvae infecting the intestines and developing into adult worms, which reproduce and release larvae that migrate through the bloodstream to encyst in striated muscle. Symptoms vary from mild to severe depending on infection level, and include gastrointestinal, muscular, and systemic inflammatory reactions. Diagnosis involves exposure history, clinical presentation, and laboratory tests like blood counts, muscle biopsy, and serology to detect antibodies.
Myiasis ....a parasitic disease.
The document summarizes information about myiasis, a parasitic infestation caused by fly larvae. It discusses the classification of myiasis, including different types based on location (e.g. cutaneous, nasal) and flies involved (e.g. bot flies, blow flies, screw flies). Symptoms vary depending on location but may include skin lesions, irritation, pain and secondary infections. Diagnosis involves identifying fly larvae based on morphology and travel history. Treatment focuses on physically removing larvae and preventing further infestation.
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Tularemia
Tularemia is a rare infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. It is commonly found in animals like rabbits and rodents and can infect humans through insect bites, contact with infected animal skin or meat, or inhalation. Symptoms vary depending on how the disease enters the body but can include ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, eye infections, and flu-like symptoms. While it poses a risk to humans, tularemia does not naturally occur in people. Diagnosis involves blood tests and cultures, and treatment consists of antibiotics for 10-21 days.
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Liver fluke
Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke, is a parasitic flatworm that infects the livers of sheep and cattle. Its complex life cycle involves freshwater snails acting as intermediate hosts. Humans can become accidentally infected by consuming raw freshwater plants containing the fluke larvae. The flukes mature and reproduce in the bile ducts of the liver, causing a disease called fascioliasis. Symptoms range from asymptomatic to abdominal pain and liver damage. Diagnosis involves examining stool samples for fluke eggs or conducting imaging tests and antibody tests. Treatment primarily involves administering deworming medications like triclabendazole or bithionol.
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Fasciola
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In what parts of the world if fascioliasis found?
How do people get infected with fascioliasis?
What are the signs and symptoms of Fasciola infection, and when do they begin?
How is Fasciola infection diagnosed?
Can Fascioliasis be treated?
How can fasciola infection be prevented?
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Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis is caused by five species of blood flukes in the genus Schistosoma. The adult worms live in veins and cause disease. Diagnosis involves examining stool for eggs. Symptoms range from initial fever to long-term issues like liver damage and portal hypertension. Praziquantel treatment can cure 85% of cases. Prevention relies on avoiding contact with infected freshwater in endemic areas and improving sanitation.
Anthrax
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Demodex by aseem
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Larva migrans
Larva migrans is caused by larval migration through tissues. It can be cutaneous (skin), ocular (eyes), or visceral (internal organs). Cutaneous larva migrans is caused by animal hookworms in soil, causing burrowing skin lesions. Visceral larva migrans is caused by dog or cat roundworm eggs in soil ingested by humans, where the larvae migrate through organs causing damage. Ocular larva migrans is caused by the same roundworms migrating to the eyes. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, exposure history, and antibody tests. Prevention involves deworming pets and reducing children's contact with contaminated soil.
Tracheitis.......ppt
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Toxocariasis by Eyal Elad
- Toxocariasis is caused by roundworms of the genus Toxocara that mature in mammals like dogs and cats. People, especially children, can become infected by ingesting Toxocara eggs from contaminated soil or objects.
- While the worms do not mature in humans, the larvae can migrate through the body and in some cases cause vision loss, neurological or respiratory symptoms.
- Transmission occurs through ingestion of infective eggs from dog or cat feces. Eggs require 2-6 weeks outside a host to mature. Treatment involves anthelmintics alongside anti-inflammatories, while prevention focuses on hygiene and deworming pets.
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Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke, is a parasitic flatworm that infects the livers of sheep and cattle. Its complex life cycle involves freshwater snails acting as intermediate hosts. Humans can become accidentally infected by consuming raw freshwater plants containing the fluke larvae. The flukes mature and reproduce in the bile ducts of the liver, causing a disease called fascioliasis. Symptoms range from asymptomatic to abdominal pain and liver damage. Diagnosis involves examining stool samples for fluke eggs or conducting imaging tests and antibody tests. Treatment primarily involves administering deworming medications like triclabendazole or bithionol.
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Presentation describes about the topic with diagrams related to the topic which makes understanding easy
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What is fascioliasis?
In what parts of the world if fascioliasis found?
How do people get infected with fascioliasis?
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Malignant catarrhal fever is a fatal disease of cattle characterized by inflammation of the nasal and oral mucosa, eye issues like keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis, dehydration, and enlarged lymph nodes. It is caused by ovine herpesvirus-1 and alcelaphine herpesvirus-2 which are transmitted from wildbeast to cattle over 2-8 weeks. Clinical signs include nasal and ocular discharge, mouth sores, skin lesions, and high fever. There are no reliable diagnostic tests. Prevention focuses on limiting contact between susceptible cattle and natural virus hosts like sheep and wildebeest.
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Schistosomiasis is caused by five species of blood flukes in the genus Schistosoma. The adult worms live in veins and cause disease. Diagnosis involves examining stool for eggs. Symptoms range from initial fever to long-term issues like liver damage and portal hypertension. Praziquantel treatment can cure 85% of cases. Prevention relies on avoiding contact with infected freshwater in endemic areas and improving sanitation.
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TOXOPLASMOSISI.ppt
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2. In immunocompromised patients, toxoplasmosis often occurs in those with impaired T cell-mediated immunity and presents as toxoplasmic encephalitis, pneumonia, or organ involvement.
3. Diagnosis involves antibody testing, parasite detection, imaging, and histology. Treatment consists of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine with folate for acute infections or prophylaxis in high-risk groups.
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The document discusses various pathogens that cause communicable diseases, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, and parasite worms. It describes several common pathogens like roundworm, pinworm, tapeworm, and flukes that infect humans. The pathogens are typically transmitted through contaminated food, water, or person-to-person contact. Common symptoms and treatment options are provided. The document also outlines several government agencies and organizations responsible for preventing and controlling communicable diseases, with the Department of Health playing the lead role.
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