Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. It can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. CDC recommends vaccines for infants, children, teens and adults to prevent diphtheria. The presentation consists of basic concepts regarding the bacteria and its infection. It has explanation in detail about signs and symptoms of Diptheria
Hookworm is one of the most important small intestinal nematodes causing iron deficiency anemia. This PPT illustrates hookworms associated with human diseases, life cycle, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hookworm infection.
Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. It can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. CDC recommends vaccines for infants, children, teens and adults to prevent diphtheria. The presentation consists of basic concepts regarding the bacteria and its infection. It has explanation in detail about signs and symptoms of Diptheria
Hookworm is one of the most important small intestinal nematodes causing iron deficiency anemia. This PPT illustrates hookworms associated with human diseases, life cycle, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hookworm infection.
Tape worms (cestoda) are intestinal parasites that are shaped like a tape measure. They are highly diversified group of ubiquitous endoparasites that generally have a two-phased life cycle
Food-borne diseases, including food-borne intoxications and food-borne infections, are terms applied to illnesses acquired through consumption of contaminated food, and are also frequently referred to as food poisoning.
Zoonoses :- derived from the Greek words
Zoon- Animal & Noson – Disease
Zoonoses was coined and first used by Rudolf Virchow who defined it for communicable diseases.
Diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans - WHO 1959
Of the 1415 microbial diseases affecting humans, 61% are zoonotic with 13% species regarded as emerging or reemerging
Link b/w human & animals with their surrounding are very close especially in developing countries
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Fungal,viral, bacterial, parasitic and nutritionalinfection of urinary system
1. SUBMITTED TO :
Sir RANA IMTIAZ
Submitted By:
ZEESHAN AHMAD AWAN
Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
University Of Arid Agriculture, Rwp.
PMAS
FUNGAL,VIRAL, BACTERIAL, PARASITIC AND NUTRITIONALINFECTION OF URINARY SYSTEM
2. Principal of infection
Understanding the basic principles of infection is essential. It include Disease
transmission and Prevention of disease transmission. Microorganisms (microbes)
are small, living organisms that are not visible to the naked eye. Pathogens
(germs) are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are
microorganisms that do not cause disease; can be beneficial. At times, a
microorganism that is beneficial in one body system can become pathogenic
when it is present in another body system. For example Escherichia coli (E. coli)
bacteria when in Large intestine: beneficial, part of the natural flora and when in
Urinary system: causes an infection.
Type of microorganism
Bacteria: Simple, one-celled microorganisms that are classified according to their
shape and arrangement.Cause diseases such as strep throat, pneumonia,
meningitis and tuberculosis. Antibiotics are used to kill bacteria – however some
strains have become resistant. Less than 1% of bacteria are harmful. There are
more bacteria in our mouths than humans living on the planet.
FungiA plantlike organism that lives on dead organic matter.Yeasts and molds can
be pathogenic.Cause conditions such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, yeast infections,
and thrush. Antibiotics do not kill fungi. Antifungal medications are available, but
expensive and may cause liver damage.
VirusesSmallest of all microorganisms – visible only using an electron microscope.
Cannot reproduce unless they are inside another living cell. Spread by contact
with blood and other body fluids. Difficult to destroy. Not affected by antibiotics.
Associated with diseases such as the common cold, chicken pox, herpes, hepatitis
B, measles, warts, polio, influenza, and AIDS
Following factors influence microbial growth
Temperature, pH, or the values used in chemistry to express the degrees of
acidity or alkalinity of a substance,Darkness,Food,Moisture,Oxygen Pathogenic
microorganisms cause infection and disease in different ways. Produce poisons
3. (toxins) which harm the body. Ex: Tetanus. Allergic reaction in the body causing
runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing. Attack and destroy the living cells they invade.
Ex: Malaria (rbc’s)
Causing an infection In order for disease to occur and spread from one individual
to another, certain conditions must be met. If any one condition is not met, the
transmission of the disease will not happen. Pathogens are everywhere and
preventing their transmission is a continuous process. Chain of infection contains
six elements. If broken, infection will not occur.
Body defenceIf defense mechanisms are intact and the immune system is
functioning, a human can frequently fight off the causative agent and not contract
the disease,Mucous membranes (traps pathogens),Cilia (propel pathogens out of
respiratory tract),Coughing and sneezing,Hydrochloric acid (stomach),Tears in the
eyes (contain bacteriocidal chemicals),Fever,Inflammation (wbc’s destroy
pathogens),Immune response (produce antibodies)
Sign and symptom Redness, Swelling ,Tenderness, Warmth, Drainage,Red streaks
leading away from wound.
Parasites of urinary system( parasitic infection )
There are two nematodes that occur as parasites of the urinary system in small
animals, Dioctophyma renale and Capillaria plica. Both are of rare incidence. The
adult worm occurs in the kidney parenchyma and occasionally the peritoneal
cavity of dogs, mink and other wild carnivores. There is no possibility of confusion
in the identification of this worm because of its spectacular size and location. It is
the largest parasite nematode of domestic animals. Dioctophyma renale
ultimately destroys the kidney, leaving only a thickened capsule. Unilateral
infections are the rule and the right kidney is most commonly involved. Most
unilateral infections are asymptomatic, with compensatory hypertrophy of the
unaffected kidney. Bilateral infections are fatal. One to three worms may occupy
a kidney. Worms are thought to migrate directly through the wall of the
duodenum to the kidney. The duodenum is on the right side and this probably
accounts for the high incidence in the right kidney. Worms become adult in 1-3
4. months and are thought to live 1-3 years. In some cases worms may develop in
the peritoneal cavity of dogs. Although infections are rare in dogs, a high
incidence may occur in mink and other wild animals (i.e. 8% of mink in Michigan).
It is cosmopolitan in the U.S. and has been reported from Louisiana. Outbreaks on
mink farms have been reported from feeding raw fish scraps.
Capillaria plica occurs uncommonly in the urinary bladder and sometimes kidney
pelvis of dogs, wild canids and occasionally the cat. It is not considered to be
pathogenic and diagnosis is often made by the incidental finding of characteristic
eggs in sediment of routine urinalysis specimens. Larvae enter the kidneys by way
of the renal arteries and migrate through Bowman's capsule and tubular
nephrons to the renal pelvis, and finally descend to the bladder via the ureter.
Patency occurs 2 months after infection.
Fungal infection of urinary track
Three distinct groups of pathogens are noted for causing fungal UTIs:
1) Opportunistic organisms
2) Environmental
3) Rare and unusual
Bacterial urinary tract infections
Most infectious diseases of the urinary system in small animals are aerobic
bacterial infections. Common organisms include Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus. Less common infections
include Klebsiella, Proteus, and Pseudomonas. Pasteurella is more common in
cats than dogs. Mycoplasma is an uncommon urinary tract infection and is
usually found as a coinfection with bacteria. Leptospirosis is a worldwide
zoonotic disease caused by filamentous bacteria that infect the kidney and
many other organs. Fungi, yeast, and parasites uncommonly infect the urinary
system.Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTI) typically result from normal
skin and GI tract flora ascending the urinary tract and overcoming the normal
urinary tract defenses that prevent colonization. Bacterial UTI is the most
common infectious disease of dogs, affecting 14% of all dogs during their
5. lifetime. It is less common in cats, and occurs only infrequently in large
animals. Young cats with feline lower urinary tract disease usually have
bacteriologically sterile urine. However, >50% of geriatric cats with urinary
tract disease have a bacterial UTI. Approximately two-thirds of those cats also
have renal failure. Bacterial UTI in ruminants are associated with
catheterization or parturition in females and as both a cause and consequence
of urolithiasis in males. In horses, UTI are uncommon and typically associated
with bladder paralysis, urolithiasis, or urethral damage.
Unlike humans, veterinary patients are often asymptomatic, and the UTI may
be an incidental finding. The consequences of untreated UTI include lower
urinary tract dysfunction, urolithiasis, prostatitis, infertility, septicemia, and
pyelonephritis with scarring and eventual kidney failure. Coagulase-positive
staphylococci are involved in the formation of struvite (MgNH4PO4) calculi in
dogs. In intact male dogs, UTI frequently extends to the prostate gland. Due to
the blood-prostate barrier, it is difficult to eradicate bacteria from the prostate,
and the urinary tract may be reinfected following appropriate treatment,
causing a systemic bacteremia, infecting the rest of the reproductive tract, or
causing an abscess within the prostate.
Large retrospective studies have documented the most common species of
uropathogens in dogs and cats, with Escherichia coli being the single most
common pathogen in both acute and recurrent UTI. In equine UTI, E coli,
Streptococcus spp and Enterococcus spp predominate, while Corynebacterium
renale and E coli are the most common pathogens in ruminant infections. In
dogs and cats, UTI are caused by more than one pathogen ~30% of the time. In
immunocompromised patients, funguria from Candida spp may be seen.
Antimicrobials are the cornerstone of UTI therapy, and many animals with
recurring UTI are managed empirically with repeated. This approach fails if
the underlying pathophysiology predisposing the animal to the UTI is not
addressed; as well, it encourages the development of resistant bacteria. With
chronic UTI from highly resistant bacteria, therapeutic options are extremely
limited.
Fungal infection of urinary track
Although uncommon, most fungal UTI in dogs and cats are caused by
Candida spp. Finding Candida organisms in the urine may indicate sample
contamination; however, finding Candida organisms in 2 serial urine samples
6. collected by cystocentesis is consistent with infection and warrants culture and
definitive identification. Treatment includes eliminating potential predisposing
factors (eg, excessive endogenous or exogenous corticosteroids, urinary
catheters) and administering antifungal drugs with or without urinary
alkalinization. Fluconazole is the antifungal drug of choice for the treatment of
candidal cystitis. The dosage in cats is 50 mg/cat, PO, sid-bid, and in dogs
is 2.5–5.0 mg/kg/day, PO, divided bid. The duration of treatment needed to
eliminate infection is unknown but may be as short as 7 days.