Downloaded 41 times
More Related Content
Similar to Integumentary Pathophysiology
Integumentary Pathophysiology
- 1.
- 2. FUNCTIONS OF THESKIN 1) Immunologic barrier 2) Temperature regulation 3) Secretion 4) Excretion 5) Vitamin D production 6) Sensation
- 3. LAYERS OF THESKIN 1) Epidermis Epithelial cells Forms the outermost protective shield of the body Avascular 2) Dermis Strong, flexible connective tissue Contains nerves with sensory receptors and blood vessels 3) Hypodermis, Subcutaneous Tissue Below the skin Connective tissue Contains at cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, large blood vessels, and nerves
- 5. BURNS An injury tothe tissues of the body caused by heat, chemicals, electric current, or radiation 5 types of burns: 1) Thermal burns 2) Chemical burns 3) Electrical burns 4) Smoke inhalation injury 5) Cold thermal injury
- 6. BURNS: DEEPNESS Superficial Burns– epidermis Partial Thickness Burns – papillary layer of dermis Deep Partial Burns - reticular layer of dermis Full Thickness Burns – entire thickness to subcutaneous tissue Subdermal Burns – beyond skin; reaches bone, fat, and muscle
- 8. BURNS: HEALING Epidermal Healing Begins24-48 hours after the burn Epithelia cells detach from the basal layer and migrate towards the wound Cells proliferate by mitosis Cells differentiate into mature epidermal cells
- 9. BURNS: HEALING Dermal Healing InflammatoryPhase Hemostatic events Vascular events Cellular events Fibroplastic Stage Fibroblasts Collagen synthesis Granulation tissue Wound contraction Maturation Phase Hypertrophic scar, keloid
- 10.
- 11. CONTACT DERMATITIS Exposure toan allergen, such as soap, produces sensitization upon first exposure
- 12. CHEMICAL IRRITATION Does notinvolve the immune response
- 13. URTICARIA (HIVES) Type 1Hypersensitivity Reaction Can be caused by the ingestion of a substance Pruritic lesions Part of anaphylactic response
- 14. ATOPIC DERMATITIS (ECZEMA) Type 1hypersensitivity reaction Inherited allergy Infants: moist, pruritic rash Adults: dry, scaly rash Treatment: glucocorticoids
- 17. PSORIASIS Chronic inflammatory skin disorder Cause:abnormal T-cell elevation, excess keratinocytes Signs/Symptoms: lesions on the face, scalp, elbow, and knees Treatment: glucocorticoids
- 19. SCLERODERMA Systemic skin disorder Increasedcollagen production and inflammation Shiny, tight, and hard areas of skin May lead to renal failure, intestinal obstruction, or respiratory failure
- 20. KERATOSIS Benign lesions associatedwith aging or skin damage 1) Seborrheic Keratosis Proliferation of basal cells Painless, round, dark, and elevated 2) Actinic Keratosis Occurs on UV exposed skin Common in fair skinned Looks scaly May develop into squamous cell carcinoma
- 21.
- 22.
- 23. SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA Painless, malignanttumor of the epidermis Can come from the sun or smoking Slow-growing Good prognosis with early removal
- 25. MALIGNANT MELANOMA Highly metastaticcancer Multi-colored with irregular borders Grows quickly and changes in appearance ABC’s of Melanoma Increase in AREA Change in BORDER Change in COLOR Increase in DIAMETER
- 26.
- 28. KAPOSI’S SARCOMA Occurs inpatients with compromised immune systems Often seen in patients with AIDS Purple skin spots
- 29.
- 30. SENESCENCE The biological processesthat lead to aging Begins prior to birth Represents the period from onset of old age to death
- 31. CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES: GENERAL Size ofcardiac muscle fibers decrease Fatty tissue and collagen accumulate Reduced strength in contractions Heart valves thicken and become less flexible Less oxygen travels to the heart Diminished cardiac reserve
- 32. CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES: DISEASE Arteriosclerosis Loss ofelasticity, accumulation of collagen, thickening of arteries Atherosclerosis Hyperlipidemia, accumulation of cholesterol Common cause of heart attacks Osteoarthritis Degeneration of cartilage in joints Associated with sports injury
- 33. NEUROLOGIC CHANGES Reduction inneurons Lipid accumulation in neurons Loss of myelin sheath Slower response times
- 34. VISION CHANGES Lens becomeless flexible Night vision is reduced Color vision is reduced
- 35. FALLS 70% of alldeaths in those over 75 y/o 90% of hip fractures are due to falls Interventions for Falls Decrease medications Pressure stockings Gait training Exercise Balance Exercises
- 36.
- 37. GERIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 2) Tinettigait and balance test