Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils, usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms include sore throat and fever. The document defines tonsillitis and describes the causes, signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnostic tests, potential complications, treatment options including medications and tonsillectomy, nursing diagnoses, and nursing interventions.

1. Topic:Tonsillitis
Subject: AHN

2. Learning objectives
• At the end the learners will be able to;
• Define tonsillitis.
• Describe causes of tonsillitis .
• Enlist signs and symptoms of tonsillitis.
• Explain pathophysiology of tonsillitis.
• Discuss therapeutic management of tonsillitis.
• Describe complications of tonsillitis.
• Discuss nursing diagnosis and nursing interventions
of tonsillitis.

3. What are the tonsils
• Tonsils are collections of lymphoid tissue (part of the
immune system) situated at the back of the throat.
• In total, there are four sets of tonsils in the human
head, but, usually, when they are referred to as "the
tonsils," it refers to the palatine tonsils.
• The palatine tonsils are the only tonsils that are
visible under normal circumstances.
• Tonsils are at their largest size around the time
of puberty and from that point on they slowly atrophy
(breakdown).

4. Conti…
• The tonsils are the body's first line of defense against
inhaled pathogens.
• Specialized M cells on their surface capture antigens
from pathogens and alert B cells and T cells to mount
an immune defense.
• Tonsils also produce T cells, a type of white blood
cell that plays a vital role in the immune response

6. Tonsillitis
• Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils most
commonly caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
Symptoms may include sore throat and fever.

7. Etiology
• Viral infections by :adenovirus, rhinovirus,
influenza, coronavirus
• Bacterial infections :streptococcus pneumonia,
Mycoplasma pneumonia, Chlamydia pneumonia,
Bordetell pertussis, Fusobacterium sp.,
Corynebacterium diphtheria, Treponema pallidum

8. Pathophysiology of tonsillitis
• Entry of
pathogens
• Triggering of
mast cells
• Release of
inflammatory
mediators
Inflammation
of the tonsils
and
development
of related
signs and
symptoms

9. Sign And Symptoms
• Sore throat
• Red, swollen tonsils
• Dysphagea
• Fever
• Coughing
• Headache
• Tiredness
• Chills
• Trismus

10. Conti…
• Malaise
• White pus-filled spots on the tonsils
• Lymphadenopathy
• Otalgia
• Weight loss
• Dysphasia

11. Differnce between viral and bacterial
tonsilitis

12. Investigations
• CBC.
• GPE.
• Throat swab.

13. Complications
• Otitis Media.
• Quinsy (Peritonsillar Abscess).
• Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).
• Scarlet Fever .
• Rheumatic Fever.
• Glomerulonephritis.

14. Therapeutic Management
• Analgesics
• Antipyretics
• Antibiotics
 Surgical Management
• Tonsillectomy

15. Nursing Diagnosis
• Ineffective air way clearance related to pus or
mucous formation secondary to inflammation
• Acute pain related to the presence of inflammation in
tosil.
• Imbalanced Nutrition Less Than Body
Requirements related to inadequate intake.
• Hyperthermia related to acute infection by
microorganisms.
• Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to the pain in the
tonsil area.

16. Nursing Interventions
• Abdomen or side lying position to facilitate
drainage of secretions.
• Tepid sponging to reduce temprature.
• A soft to liquid diet is preferred.
• Warm salt water gargles
• Administer analgesic and antipyretic as ordered.
• By explaining cause of disease will relief patient
anxiety.

17. References
• www.webmd.com/oral-health/.../tonsillitis-
symptoms-causes-and-treatments
• www.nhs.uk/conditions/Tonsillitis/Pages/Intro
duction.aspx
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsillitis