The document defines various diseases and conditions related to the ear, including otology, otitis media, tinnitus, and vertigo. It provides details on acute otitis media, chronic otitis media, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Evaluation and management of otitis media involves assessing symptoms, performing examinations of the ear, identifying causal factors, and using antibiotic treatments or surgical procedures as needed.

3.  Otology:- The study of disease of the ear.
 Otalgia:- Pain in the ear due tom disease of
jaw joint, neck, throat or teeth.
 Tinnitus:- The sensation of sound in the ear.
 Vertigo:- Swimming of the head .
 Otorrhea:- Any discharge from the ear.
 Otorrhagia:- Bleeding from the ear.

4.  Otomycosis:- A fungus infection of the ear
causing irritation & inflammation.
 Deafness:- Loss of hearing.
 Otoplasty :-Surgical Repair & Reconstruction of
the ear.
 Otorhinolaryngology:- Study of ear, nose &
throat disease.
 Audiometry:- An apparatus for measuring
hearing.

5.  Tympanoplasty:- It is repairment of tympanic
membrane.
 Myringotomy:- Incision in tympanic
membrane.The fluid is section out of
middle ear,cavity.
 Osteitis:- Inflammation in bone.
 Mastoiditis:- Inflammation of the mastoid antrum
and cell.

7.  Otitis media
 Osteosclerosis
 Menieres disease
 Perichondritis
 Permanent sensorineural hearing loss

8. Definition:-
“It is an inflammation of middle ear
that most often occur in infant &
young children but can occur at
any age”

9.  Most common in children
under 15 yr of age.

10. 1. Acute otitis media
2. Chronic otitis media
Other-
a. Serous otitis media
b. Secretory otitis media
c. Suppurative otitis media

11. Definition-
“It is an acute infection
of the middle ear, usually lasting
less then 6 weeks”

12.  Bacteria eg. Streptococcus pneumoniae, H.
Influenza
 Upper respiratory tract infection
 Infection nasopharynx

13. Due to etiological factor(URTI, Bacteria)
Exudates & edema in middle ear
Decrease retraction of tympanic membrane
Serous exudates in middle ear
Pus formation
Tympanic membrane rupture
ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA

14.  Otorrhea
 Otalgia
 Fever
 Rhinitis
 Tympanic membrane erythema, may
be perforated
 Hearing loss
 Irritability

15.  History
 Physical examination
 Otoscopic examination
 Culture
 Audiometry & Tympanometry

16. Medical Management-
 Antibiotic
 Analgesic
 Antihistamine
Surgical management-
 Myringotomy or tympanotomy (incision in the
tympanic membrane)

17.  Chronic otitis media
 Hearing loss
 Perforation
 Poor speech develop

19. Definition:-
“It is a long standing infection of a
part of whole of the middle year
characterised by ear discharge &
permanent perforation”
OR
“Inflammation of the middle ear that
lasts for more than 6 weeks”

20.  Common in the age 3-6

21.  Inappropriate treatment of acute otitis
media.
 URTI, Allergic rhinitis.
 Breastfeeding and long time group child
care
 Eustachian tube deformity
 Septal deviation, cleft palate, sinusitis

22. Chronic otitis
media
Suppurative
(+ perforation)
atico-antral
type
Tubo-tympanic
type
Non
suppurative
Mucoid or serous

23. a.Atico-antral chronic otitis media –
Inflammation involves bones (e.g. mastoid,
tympanic ring, ossicles ).
b.Tubo-tympanic otitis media-
Acute otitis media  permanent
perforation  muco-purulent
discharge.

24. a.Serous Otitis media-
Stages:
URTI or acute otitis media–> Fluid collection in
middle ear and obstruction of eutachian tube
 tympanic membrane retraction.
Fluid become pus like  necrosis  tympanic
membrane perforation.
Could end up with mastoiditis ( if not stopped ).

25.  hearing loss
 Otorrhea
 Tinnitus

26. Medical management-
 careful suctioning of the ear under
microscopic guidance.
 Instillation of antibiotic drops
Surgical management-
 Tympanoplasty
 Ossiculoplasty (surgical reconstruction of the middle ear
bones to restore hearing)
 Mastoidectomy

28. Assessment:-
 Collect health history includes a complete
description of the ear problem.
 Collect data about the duration and intensity of
the problem, its causes, and previous
treatments.
 Obtain Information about other health
problems and medications.
 Physical assessment includes observation for
erythema, edema, otorrhea, lesions, and
characteristics such as odor and color of
discharge.

29.  Pain R/T Infection
 Risk for infection R/T eustachian
tube dysfunction.
 Altered auditory sensory perception
R/T Fluid in the middle year.
 Anxiety R/T surgical procedure,
potential loss of hearing,
 Risk for trauma R/T balance
difficulties or vertigo during the
immediate postoperative period.

30.  Disturbed sensory perception R/T potential
damage to facial nerve (cranial nerve VII).
 knowledge deficient R/T disease, surgical
procedure,and postoperative care.