Rhinitis- Easy explanation for nursing students definition classification allergic rhinitis etiology symptoms signs investigation treatment non allergic rhinitis types risk factors diagnostic studies blood test nasal endoscopy CT scan treatment

1. RHINITIS
SWATILEKHA DAS
RN, BSN, MSN

2. RHINITIS
• It is the inflammation of the nasal mucous
membrane.
• Rhinitis is inflammation and swelling of
the mucous membrane of the nose,
characterized by a runny nose and
stuffiness and usually caused by the
common cold or a seasonal allergy.

4. CLASSIFICATION
1.Allergic rhinitis
2.Non allergic rhinitis

5. ALLERGIC RHINITIS
• Allergic rhinitis is a common disorder which is
usually characterized by spasmodic attack of
severe sneezing and rhinorrhea.

6. Aetiology
• Age:all age
• Sex: both sex
• Predisposing factors:
• Hereditary
• Hormonal
• Climate
• Emotional

7. • Precipatating factor(allergens)
• inhalents
• Ingestants
• Contactants
• Cosmetic powder
• Drugs
• Irritants
• Infection
• Intestinal helmenthis

8. SYMPTOMS
• Paroxysmal sneezing
• Rhinorrhoea
• Nasal obstruction
• Anosmia
• Headache

9. SIGNS
• Mucosa
–Acute stage :pale
Chronic stage :bluish purple
– Infection:present
– Polyp :present
– Allergic salute(tip of nose salute like)
– dorrer’s line (crease on dorsum of nose)

10. INVESTIGATION
• History about allergy
• Allergy skin testing/ Skin test by
intradermal injection
• Test for Immunoglobulin E
• Total blood eosinophil count
• Inhalation of allergens
• Nasal cytology

11. TREATMENT
• Avoidance of allergens
Symptomatic:
• antihistamine
• Steroids
General:
• Vitamin c
• Calcium
• Nasal washes(saline solution)

12. TREATMENT
• Immunotherapy
• Pharmacologic therapy
1. Antihistamines(Chlorpheniramine)
2. Nasal corticosteroids(Fluticasone)
3. Nasal decongestants(Oxymetazoline)
4. Oral decongestants(Pseudoephedrine)

13. NON ALLERGIC RHINITIS
• Non allergic rhinitis is a syndrome resulting
from a nasal inflammation that
encompasses several diagnoses. It is medical
condition of unknown cause, leading to
symptoms very similar to allergic rhinitis.

14. Types
1.Infectious
2.Occupational
3.Hormonal
4.Drug induced
5.Gustatory

15. Risk factors
Environmental & occupational irritants
Weather changes
Infections
Food & beverages
Certain medications(NSAIDs)

16. Diagnostic studies
Skin test

17. Blood test

18. Nasal endoscopy

19. CT scan

20. TREATMENT
• Saline nasal spray
1. Antihistamine nasal spray
2. Nasal corticosteroid spray
(Fluticasone)
3. Nasal decongestants
(Oxymetazoline)
4. Oral decongestants
(Pseudoephedrine)