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1. Pancreatic pseudocyst
AHN-1

2. Pancreatic pseudocyst
• A pancreatic pseudocyst is a circumscribed
collection of fluid rich in pancreatic enzymes,
blood, and necrotic tissue, typically located in
the lesser sac of the abdomen.
• Pancreatic pseudocysts are usually
complications of pancreatitis.

3. Etiology
• Fluid collections or penetrating peptic ulcers.
• Other causes include gall stones
o Alcohol consumption
o And, in rare cases, drugs and blunt trauma.

4. Symptoms
• Symptoms can occur within days to months after an
attack of pancreatitis, and include:
• Bloating of the abdomen.
• Constant pain or deep ache in the abdomen, which
may also be felt in the back.
• Difficulty eating and digesting food.

5. Pathophysiology
• Acute pancreatitis results, amongst other things, in
the disruption of pancreatic parenchyma and the
ductal system.
• This results in extravasations of pancreatic enzymes
which in turn digest the adjoining tissues.
• This results in a collection of fluid containing
pancreatic enzymes, hemolysed blood and necrotic
debris around the pancreas.
• The lesser sac being a potential space, the fluid
collects here preferentially.

6. Diagnosis
• The pancreatic pseudocyst can be diagnosed through
the following ways:
• CT scan
• MRI
• X-rays
• Ultrasound

7. Treatment of pseudocysts
• Treatment depends on the size of the pseudocyst
and whether it is causing symptoms.
• Many pseudocysts go away on their own.
• Those that remain for more than 6 weeks and are
larger than 5 cm in diameter often need surgery.
• Surgical treatments include:
o Cystgastrostomy: In this surgical procedure a
connection is created between the back wall of the
stomach and the cyst such that the cyst drains into
the stomach.

8. Conti
o Cystjejunostomy: In this procedure a
connection is created between the cyst and
the small intestine so that the cyst fluid
directly into the small intestine.
o Cystduodenostomy: In this procedure a
connection is created between the duodenum
(the first part of the intestine) and the cyst to
allow drainage of the cyst content into
duodenum.

9. Complications
• Complication of pancreatic pseudocyst include
infection, hemorrhage, obstruction and
rupture.
• For obstruction, it can cause compression in
the GI tract from the stomach to colon,
compression in urinary system, biliary system,
and arteriovenous system.

10. Nursing diagnosis
1) Impaired digestions related to the injury of
pancreas.
2) Pain related to tissue injury and swelling of
pancreas.
3) Imbalanced nutrition less than body
requirement related to lack pancreatic
enzymes.
4) Stress and anxiety related to disease.

11. Nursing interventions
• Encourage the patient for intake of balance
diet
• Give analgesics for relieving pain.
• Avoid the patient from fatty and spicy food.
• Encourage the patient and provide emotional
support to relieve from anxiety.