Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining that can be acute or chronic. Acute gastritis develops suddenly while chronic gastritis persists over a long period of time. Common causes include bacterial infections, NSAIDs, autoimmune disorders, and bile reflux. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, weight loss, and nausea or vomiting. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and tests like blood tests, stool tests, or endoscopy. Treatment focuses on antacids, H2 blockers, PPIs, antibiotics, and managing pain or nutrition imbalances. Prevention emphasizes diet, avoiding alcohol/smoking, exercise, and stress management.

1. Gastritis

2. Objectives
• At the end of this presentation learners will be
able to
• Define gastritis
• Discuss types of gastritis
• What are the causes of gastritis
• What are the sign & symptoms of gastritis
• Discuss the prevention and treatment of gastritis
• What are the nursing diagnosis & intervevention
for gastritis

3. Gastritis
Gastritis is an inflammation, irritation or
erosion of the stomach mucosa.
Inflammation of the whole stomach is called
PANGASTRITIS and an inflammation of a part
of stomach is called ANTRAL GASTRITIS.

4. Types of Gastritis
Gastritis can broadly be divided into acute
gastritis and chronic gastritis.
• Acute gastritis
Acute gastritis is a sudden inflammation of the
lining of the stomach.
Acute gastritis can be divided in to
1. Acute superficial gastritis
2. Acute Erosive gastritis
3. Acute gastric ulceration

5. Cont….
• Chronic gastritis
It is an inflammation of the lining
of the stomach that occurs gradually and persists
for a prolonged time.
• Chronic gastritis can divided into:
1. Type A chronic gastritis (autoimmune gastritis)
2. Type B chronic gastritis (bacteria induced
gastritis)
3. Type C chronic gastritis (chemical induced
gastritis)

6. Aetiology
• Bacterial infections
• Non- steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)
• Autoimmune
• Bile reflux disease
• Stress
• Alcohol addiction
• Cocaine
• Radiation and chemotherapy

7. Sign & Symptoms
• Abdominal pain and burning, often in the upper
center of the abdomen called the epigastric area
• Bloating
• Weight loss
• Belching
• Indigestion
• Anorexia
• Nausea & vomiting
• Hiccups

8. Conti….
Severe gastritis can lead to life-threatening
symptoms including:
• Severe chest pain
• Feeling faint or short of breath
• Severe abdominal pain
• Sudden onset of bloody stools (blood may be red,
black or tarry in texture)
• Vomiting blood or black material (resembling
coffee)

9. Diagnosis
Gastritis is diagnosed on the basis of medical
history and physical examinations of the
patient and the following tests:
• Blood test
• Stool test
• Upper gastrointestinal X ray
• Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

10. Treatment
• Antacids
• H2 Receptor Blockers
• Proton Pump Inhibiters
• Antibiotics
• Antidiarrheal Agents

11. Prevention
• Eating habits
• Avoid alcohol
• Don't smoke
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Exercise regularly
• Manage stress

12. Complications
• Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
• Pernicious anemia
• Increased risk of stomach cancer
• Malnutrition due to lack of appetite, discomfort,
and decreased nutritional intake
• Perforated gastric ulcer, which can lead to
bleeding
• Severe discomfort or pain
• Septecemia

13. Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing
Interventions
1. Pain (acute / chronic) associated with
inflammation or irritation of the gastric mucosa due
to increased gastric acid.
Nursing Interventions for Pain - Gastritis:
• Assess the patient's general condition
• Assess vital signs
• Assess pain scale
• Provide a quiet environment and comfortable
• Teach relaxation techniques
• Analgesic

14. 2. Imbalanced Nutrition, Less than body
requirements related to anorexia and vomiting
Nursing Interventions for Imbalanced Nutrition
Less Than Body Requirements – Gastritis
• Allow clients to choose foods (low-calorie foods are not
allowed)
• Specify the time to eat, serve food, and eating time limit;
inform the client that if the food is not eaten during the time
that has been provided, will be the replacement of other
feeding methods.
• When food is not eaten, do feeding through a tube, (NGT)