HVAC is typically responsible for around 40% of the energy consumption in a building. Frequently, this is the largest energy consuming type of equipment on a site and can therefore provide significant scope for saving energy and money. This fact sheet covers common types of HVAC and will guide you in the right direction to identify energy efficient HVAC initiatives.
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based on Life Cycle Cost AnalysisIJERA Editor
A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to satisfy the environmental requirements of comfort or a process, in a specific building or portion of a building and in a particular geographic locale. Efficient design of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is a primary concern in building projects. The objectives of the HVAC system design are to provide a thermal comfort, good indoor quality and energy conservation. For the typical commercial building projects, it is not difficult to acquire the reference settings for efficient operation. However, for some special projects, due to the specific design and control of the HVAC system, conventional settings may not be necessarily energy-efficient in daily operation. The HVAC system design and equipment selection for a commercial building (376 TR) is included as a case study in this paper. The outcomes of this paper are efficient design of HVAC system with minimum energy consumption and equipment selection based on operating and life cycle cost analysis.
using different refrigerants as working fluid,the variation in the dimensional parameters of evaporator ,compressor,condenser and expansion device are shown.
Fundamentals of HVAC Systems is a thorough introduction on how HVAC systems control temperature, air quality and air circulation in a conditioned space.
Ideal for recent engineering graduates working in the HVAC&R industry, experienced engineers entering HVAC&R from another engineering area, as well as architects, technicians, construction or building management professionals who need to increase their knowledge of HVAC systems.
This course reader can function as a stand-alone reference, or may accompany the eLearning course, Fundamentals of HVAC Systems, online modules.
Solar Or Waste Heat Absorption Cooling System
DRAMATIC INCREASE OF AIR CONDITIONING SINCE THE EARLY 80’S
• COST OF ENERGY
• ISSUES RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
DUE TO ENERGY PRODUCTION
DUE TO THE USE OF CFC’S AND HCFC’S
• MATCHES DEMAND WITH SOURCE AVAILABILITY
• CRUCIAL FOR IMPROVING LIFE STANDARDS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Process of converting solar thermal energy (heat) into conditioned air.
Eco-friendly as well as Energy-efficient.
Can be operated with green resources of heat as backup resources when solar radiation is unavailable
Heat recovery ventilation is a means of energy conversation in buildings. Because of reducing ventilation exhaust air, can play a good role in the effectiveness of ventilation to reduce energy use. As building efficiency is improved with insulation and weather stripping, buildings are intentionally made more airtight, and consequently less ventilated. Since all buildings require a source of fresh air, the need for HRVs has become obvious.
Simulating The Air-Condition Controlling In Operating Room And ImprovementWaqas Tariq
In this study we have tried necessary condition and suitable for air balance and temperature in the operating room, using a fuzzy expert controller system and thermal cameras are designed. Condition for implementation and simulation of this system has been studied to see if it can be true or not performed in hospitals. This is a completely new method, all the operating room by a fuzzy controller with thermal picture environment has been properly balanced to ventilation system work properly. Therefore, the operating room is simulated using MATLAB software so fuzzy control system is supposed to be shown the benefits of this control system. Input parameters of the system are important factors in determining the balance temperature and ambient temperature. The publication of these parameters is considered as an output parameter. By the expert system, an account statement with the membership functions for input parameters were defined. After classification of ventilation systems and related information, using a concept designed interface that with MATLAB software has been simulated, transferred to the computer and also whole system operation in the operating room during hundred minutes is shown. The results revealed by this controller showed that in terms of economic and reliability and other has more advantages than the previous single-phase system.
OPTIMIZING THE GREENHOUSE MICRO-CLIMATE MANAGEMENT BY THE INTRODUCTION OF ART...IAEME Publication
The socio-economic evolution of populations has in recent decades a rapid and multiple changes, including dietary habits that have been characterized by the consumption of fresh products out of season and widely available throughout the year.
Culture under shelters of fruit, vegetable and flower species developed from the classical to the greenhouse agro - industrial, currently known for its modernity and high level of automation (heating, misting, of conditioning, control, regulation and control, supervisor of computer etc.). New techniques have emerged, including the use of control devices and regulating climate variables in a greenhouse (temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration etc.) to the exploitation of artificial intelligence such as neural networks and / or fuzzy logic.
HVAC is typically responsible for around 40% of the energy consumption in a building. Frequently, this is the largest energy consuming type of equipment on a site and can therefore provide significant scope for saving energy and money. This fact sheet covers common types of HVAC and will guide you in the right direction to identify energy efficient HVAC initiatives.
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based on Life Cycle Cost AnalysisIJERA Editor
A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to satisfy the environmental requirements of comfort or a process, in a specific building or portion of a building and in a particular geographic locale. Efficient design of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is a primary concern in building projects. The objectives of the HVAC system design are to provide a thermal comfort, good indoor quality and energy conservation. For the typical commercial building projects, it is not difficult to acquire the reference settings for efficient operation. However, for some special projects, due to the specific design and control of the HVAC system, conventional settings may not be necessarily energy-efficient in daily operation. The HVAC system design and equipment selection for a commercial building (376 TR) is included as a case study in this paper. The outcomes of this paper are efficient design of HVAC system with minimum energy consumption and equipment selection based on operating and life cycle cost analysis.
using different refrigerants as working fluid,the variation in the dimensional parameters of evaporator ,compressor,condenser and expansion device are shown.
Fundamentals of HVAC Systems is a thorough introduction on how HVAC systems control temperature, air quality and air circulation in a conditioned space.
Ideal for recent engineering graduates working in the HVAC&R industry, experienced engineers entering HVAC&R from another engineering area, as well as architects, technicians, construction or building management professionals who need to increase their knowledge of HVAC systems.
This course reader can function as a stand-alone reference, or may accompany the eLearning course, Fundamentals of HVAC Systems, online modules.
Solar Or Waste Heat Absorption Cooling System
DRAMATIC INCREASE OF AIR CONDITIONING SINCE THE EARLY 80’S
• COST OF ENERGY
• ISSUES RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
DUE TO ENERGY PRODUCTION
DUE TO THE USE OF CFC’S AND HCFC’S
• MATCHES DEMAND WITH SOURCE AVAILABILITY
• CRUCIAL FOR IMPROVING LIFE STANDARDS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Process of converting solar thermal energy (heat) into conditioned air.
Eco-friendly as well as Energy-efficient.
Can be operated with green resources of heat as backup resources when solar radiation is unavailable
Heat recovery ventilation is a means of energy conversation in buildings. Because of reducing ventilation exhaust air, can play a good role in the effectiveness of ventilation to reduce energy use. As building efficiency is improved with insulation and weather stripping, buildings are intentionally made more airtight, and consequently less ventilated. Since all buildings require a source of fresh air, the need for HRVs has become obvious.
Simulating The Air-Condition Controlling In Operating Room And ImprovementWaqas Tariq
In this study we have tried necessary condition and suitable for air balance and temperature in the operating room, using a fuzzy expert controller system and thermal cameras are designed. Condition for implementation and simulation of this system has been studied to see if it can be true or not performed in hospitals. This is a completely new method, all the operating room by a fuzzy controller with thermal picture environment has been properly balanced to ventilation system work properly. Therefore, the operating room is simulated using MATLAB software so fuzzy control system is supposed to be shown the benefits of this control system. Input parameters of the system are important factors in determining the balance temperature and ambient temperature. The publication of these parameters is considered as an output parameter. By the expert system, an account statement with the membership functions for input parameters were defined. After classification of ventilation systems and related information, using a concept designed interface that with MATLAB software has been simulated, transferred to the computer and also whole system operation in the operating room during hundred minutes is shown. The results revealed by this controller showed that in terms of economic and reliability and other has more advantages than the previous single-phase system.
OPTIMIZING THE GREENHOUSE MICRO-CLIMATE MANAGEMENT BY THE INTRODUCTION OF ART...IAEME Publication
The socio-economic evolution of populations has in recent decades a rapid and multiple changes, including dietary habits that have been characterized by the consumption of fresh products out of season and widely available throughout the year.
Culture under shelters of fruit, vegetable and flower species developed from the classical to the greenhouse agro - industrial, currently known for its modernity and high level of automation (heating, misting, of conditioning, control, regulation and control, supervisor of computer etc.). New techniques have emerged, including the use of control devices and regulating climate variables in a greenhouse (temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration etc.) to the exploitation of artificial intelligence such as neural networks and / or fuzzy logic.
Heat Ventilation & Air- Conditioning System with Self-Tuning Fuzzy PI ControllerIJMER
In this paper, a Self-tuning Fuzzy PI controller is used for the supply air pressure Control
loop for Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system. The modern H. V. A. Cussing
direct digital control methods have provided useful performance data from the building occupants. The
self-tuning Fuzzy PI controller (STFPIC) adjusts the output scaling factor on-line by fuzzy rules in
accordance to the current trend of the control process. This research work has got the integration and
application of these fundamental sources of information, using some modern and novel techniques. In
Comparison to PID and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy (ANF) Controllers, the simulation results show that
STFPIC performances are better under normal conditions as well as extreme conditions where in the
HVAC system encounters large variations. The cost and scalability of the setechniques can be
positively influenced by the recent technological advancement in computing power, sensors and data
bases.
Climate Change: A Business Guide to Action PlanningPECB
Today, businesses struggle to adapt their policies and operations to the reality of a changing climate. More than ever, it is critical for organizations to make informed decision-making on the best actions to take to ensure their long-term viability and success.
In this webinar, we will review the state of climate action planning for the business. We will start off with a review of current (as well as foreseeable future) mandatory governmental policies and legislation, before moving on to action planning strategies for business organizations. We will look at some of the important benefits of climate action planning (innovation, opportunity, risk reduction, cost savings, efficiency). We will review the important concept of "carbon footprint": how to calculate it, and the how-to's of carbon reporting using major international protocols (such as GRI, CDP, GRESB, etc.). We will take a quick look at various mitigation and adaption measures that organizations may undertake, before closing out the session with some tips for success.
Main points covered:
• What is Climate Change?
- Definitions
- major contributors and effects
• Climate Action Planning
- Government legislation and policies
- Business approaches
- Benefits (innovation, opportunity, cost savings, efficiency)
- Carbon Footprint (measurement and reporting)
- Mitigation and adaptation measures
• Tips for Success
- how and where to start
- Setting priorities
- Communications
Presenter:
Our presenter for this webinar, Jessica Mann is the CEO and founder of Green Futures Unlimited, a sustainability consultancy, and an instructor at the University of California San Diego extension's sustainable business program. With over 30 years of experience in the fields of environmental health & safety and sustainability, she previously served in leadership roles at several international corporations. Currently specializing in carbon accounting and climate action planning, Jessica is a regular speaker and author on the subject. She holds a BS in Environmental Science and an MPH in Occupational and Environmental Health (University of Michigan), and is a LEED Accredited Professional, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 45001 Auditor, Greenhouse Gas Verifier, Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH), and Certified Safety Professional (CSP).
Date: April 11th, 2019
Recorded Webinar: https://youtu.be/cMKXPoepF3k
As ecological and economical changes abound, advancements in air conditioning have appeared to remain stagnant. As cooling costs and temperatures rise, it is important to reevaluate conventional ways of staying cool.
In this white paper, we will discuss the confounding variables attributing to the rising cooling costs and ways to combat these changes.
Global warming concerns leading to decarbonization is shifting energy from fossil fuels to renewable energy. The slides briefly touch on different ways of decarbonizing & alternative energy resources.
Do you find it difficult to order a coffee in a restaurant or cafe? Learn about different types of coffee and you can know the difference between all types of coffees and their ingredients.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
The Future of Air Conditioning & its Impact on the Planet
1. The Future of Air Conditioning & its Impact
on the Planet
The Future of Air Conditioning
Air conditioning places a significant burden on energysystems. Energydemand and greenhouse gas
emissions from air conditioners are projected to accelerate to unprecedentedlevels in the coming
decades(the number of air conditioners worldwide is set to increase from 900 million units at
present to over 2.5 billion units by 2050).
Improving by 30% the average efficiencyof air conditioners in use globally by 2030 could reduce
emissions by up to 25 billion metric tons of CO2 over the lifetime of the equipment and reduce peak
electricity demand by as muchas 340-790 gigawatts. This is equal to erasing the annual emissions
from 1,550 coal-fired power plants.
Air conditioners are no longer just a luxury for the wealthy citizens of the world — they are
becoming a necessity.Staying cool and comfortable is just about impossible unless you own one of
these devices.Health benefits,improved productivity and reducedmortality are among the absolute
and undeniable benefits of modern cooling and air conditioning.
There are a couple of verypromising technological solutions to the standard air conditioner - DEVap
and Solar Air Conditioners. Both of these technologies show promise for reducingthe cost to run
your air conditioner, though the initial cost to purchase one, may remain the same.
The EnvironmentalImpact of Air Conditioning
While the benefits of air conditioning for basic, everydayliving are welcomed during the hot and
muggy seasons, the hazardous environmental effectsdue to their use needto be considered as well:
Air Conditionersare Everywhere
Whether you are walking down the street in a crowded city or driving through a suburban
neighborhood, heating and cooling systems are everywhere.Theyhave become cheaperfor
companies to make, so households evenin developing countries are beginning to use this source of
2. 2
comfort. So many people have become accustomedto their presence that they cannot see
themselves living without one,which is causing rising in temperatures and extremelyhumid climates
in many parts of the world.
Air-conditioner are causingglobal warming.
HFCs represent a small portion of total greenhouse gas emissions, but they trap thousands of times
as muchheat in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
Some HFCs are releasedduring the manufacturing process, if your air-conditioner or refrigerator has
a leak, or when you throw a unit away, possibly causing some molecules to escape,especially if it’s
disposed of improperly
4.3-C Temperature Jump from Climate Change By 2100.
Air-conditioner technology has come a long way since Willis Carrier invented the modern air-
conditioner in 1902 using ice and fans. In 1980, an individual room air-conditioning unit used
1,474 kWh per year and cost $178 to run, according to figures by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Today, an EPA "Energy Star"-certified room a/c uses only 597 kWh/year and
costs $75 to run.
But while units use less energy, we're using more of them. In fact, the amount of electricity
burned per air-conditioned household increased 38 percent since 1990.
Conclusion
The impact of air conditioning on the environment is obviously a very serious issue. We must
address it now to avoid further damage. The rising and sometimes deadly temperatures make
living without a cooling system very difficult and uncomfortable, and living without one is
simply out of the question for many people in certain areas of the world. Regulations regarding
the output of air conditioners must continue moving forward. Researchers must also develop
substitutes for coolants until they are as environmentally friendly as possible.
Heating and cooling technicians will also need to stay up to date on the latest regulations, as well
as continue their education as new systems are developed. Overall, innovation must continue
before further damage from air conditioners causes an irreversibly drastic impact on the future of
the planet.