The document discusses various ways that air conditioning systems can enhance green technology. It analyzes inverter air conditioning, variable air volume systems, alternative refrigerants like R-410A and propane, and chilled ceiling systems. It also describes an ice-powered air conditioning system called Ice Bears that uses stored ice at night to provide cooling during peak daytime periods, reducing energy usage and costs. Overall, the document analyzes how new technologies in air conditioning can help reduce environmental impacts like greenhouse gas emissions and ozone depletion while improving energy efficiency.
Integrated Air Conditioning Unit for AutomobilesIJARTES
Integrated Air Conditioning Unit for
Automobiles
In this paper, the investigation was made for the utilization
of waste heat in an improvised manner, so that the total
power of the automobile is not going to change and the fuel
efficiency is going to be enhanced. Here the use of vapor
absorption refrigeration system for the air conditioning
system was proposed and analyzed. This system was taken as
it can run on very low grade energy, such as waste heat of
the exhaust gas. The recent trend is to use the vapor
compression refrigeration system, where the principal part is
the compressor, which takes the power from the engine or
from auxiliary power unit and hence the fuel consumption
rate is increased. In the recent global scenario reducing the
fuel consumption is the main research area. The cooling
load of the automobile is estimated about 1.37 TR and the
measured cop value for the proposed model is varied from
0.85 to 1.04.
Here the main problem definition is to design an air
conditioning system which runs on exhaust gas waste heat
by exchanging with the refrigerant R134-a inside a
generator which is the replacement of the compressor in a
vapor absorption refrigeration system. The calculation
related to the design of proposed shell and tube heat
exchanger i.e. the generator for the model is carried out and
the rest design is theoretical study and proposed model to be
implemented in large scale after prototype model testing.
Analysis of producer gas carburetor for different air fuel ratios using cfdeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The proposal of this project was to study the energy consumption of three residential buildings in Mosegårdsparken, Odense. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the old buildings, it had to be compared the different materials, construction solutions and energy resources, following the Danish building regulation.
All the materials and energy systems will be conscientiously analyse and afterwards will renew, change or add them. To develop the purpose, several solutions will be studied in each building typology, choosing the most suitable one according to their properties.
As a result, they were transformed into friendly environmental and low energy new buildings.
This review presents various research and development, as well as design and performances of bifluid-based PVT systems. Moreover, the development of PVT system is a very promising area of research. PVT systems using in various applications, such as solar drying, solar cooling, water heating, desalination, and pool heating. With the recognition of the potentials and contributions of PV system, considerable research has been conducted to attain the most advancement which may produce reliable and sustainable PVT system. The cooling system’s design refers to the absorber design which mostly focuses on water and air-based PVT systems. An air-based system has been developed through different absorber configurations, air flow modes and single- or double-pass design. Bifluid-based PVT system is used to remove heat accumulated in a PV panel and reuses the waste heat (hot air and water) in an appropriate way. PV, thermal and PVT efficiencies of bifluid PVT systems were 6.6%-18.6%, 31%–90% and 60%-83%, respectively.
In a plethora of countries, buildings are adapted to the local climate condition using sustainable architecture techniques and materials, thereby the highest level of climatic comfort is provided. For example, the walls and roofs reflecting sunlight have been used for centuries in the warm regions of the world, while in the cold regions, the maximum use of solar energy has been tended.
The process of modernization has created a high density, thereby demand for fast and affordable constructions in cities has subsequently increased, resulting in reduced attention to environmentally sustainable architecture techniques that, in turn, has led to the financial loss and scarcity of non-renewable energy resources over long periods of time.
Regarding the energy crisis and the necessity of saving non-renewable energy, the reduced need to use heating/cooling systems is assumed to be one of the key goals in advanced building design.
The present study was conducted based on causal research and simulation. Design Builder thermal simulation software was used as the tool to this end. Therefore, a building with/out solar chimney was modeled and analyzed to identify the effect of solar chimney on the amount of energy used for heating.
In-house graphic designer: Responsibilities included maintaining corporate branding, keeping all new and old marketing material and internal document cohesive with the style guide, designing new promotional materials such as posters, signs, labels, badges etc.
In-house photographer: Responsible for photographing the Safety Leadership Development Fund Billboard for both Clermont Mine & Blair Athol Coal, as well as photographing for events, media and internal jobs.
Achievements:
2010 Blair Athol 500 Days LTI free Safety Booklet
2010 Safety Leadership Development Program Billboard - Blair Athol
2010 Safety Leadership Development Program Billboard - Clermont Mine
Integrated Air Conditioning Unit for AutomobilesIJARTES
Integrated Air Conditioning Unit for
Automobiles
In this paper, the investigation was made for the utilization
of waste heat in an improvised manner, so that the total
power of the automobile is not going to change and the fuel
efficiency is going to be enhanced. Here the use of vapor
absorption refrigeration system for the air conditioning
system was proposed and analyzed. This system was taken as
it can run on very low grade energy, such as waste heat of
the exhaust gas. The recent trend is to use the vapor
compression refrigeration system, where the principal part is
the compressor, which takes the power from the engine or
from auxiliary power unit and hence the fuel consumption
rate is increased. In the recent global scenario reducing the
fuel consumption is the main research area. The cooling
load of the automobile is estimated about 1.37 TR and the
measured cop value for the proposed model is varied from
0.85 to 1.04.
Here the main problem definition is to design an air
conditioning system which runs on exhaust gas waste heat
by exchanging with the refrigerant R134-a inside a
generator which is the replacement of the compressor in a
vapor absorption refrigeration system. The calculation
related to the design of proposed shell and tube heat
exchanger i.e. the generator for the model is carried out and
the rest design is theoretical study and proposed model to be
implemented in large scale after prototype model testing.
Analysis of producer gas carburetor for different air fuel ratios using cfdeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The proposal of this project was to study the energy consumption of three residential buildings in Mosegårdsparken, Odense. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the old buildings, it had to be compared the different materials, construction solutions and energy resources, following the Danish building regulation.
All the materials and energy systems will be conscientiously analyse and afterwards will renew, change or add them. To develop the purpose, several solutions will be studied in each building typology, choosing the most suitable one according to their properties.
As a result, they were transformed into friendly environmental and low energy new buildings.
This review presents various research and development, as well as design and performances of bifluid-based PVT systems. Moreover, the development of PVT system is a very promising area of research. PVT systems using in various applications, such as solar drying, solar cooling, water heating, desalination, and pool heating. With the recognition of the potentials and contributions of PV system, considerable research has been conducted to attain the most advancement which may produce reliable and sustainable PVT system. The cooling system’s design refers to the absorber design which mostly focuses on water and air-based PVT systems. An air-based system has been developed through different absorber configurations, air flow modes and single- or double-pass design. Bifluid-based PVT system is used to remove heat accumulated in a PV panel and reuses the waste heat (hot air and water) in an appropriate way. PV, thermal and PVT efficiencies of bifluid PVT systems were 6.6%-18.6%, 31%–90% and 60%-83%, respectively.
In a plethora of countries, buildings are adapted to the local climate condition using sustainable architecture techniques and materials, thereby the highest level of climatic comfort is provided. For example, the walls and roofs reflecting sunlight have been used for centuries in the warm regions of the world, while in the cold regions, the maximum use of solar energy has been tended.
The process of modernization has created a high density, thereby demand for fast and affordable constructions in cities has subsequently increased, resulting in reduced attention to environmentally sustainable architecture techniques that, in turn, has led to the financial loss and scarcity of non-renewable energy resources over long periods of time.
Regarding the energy crisis and the necessity of saving non-renewable energy, the reduced need to use heating/cooling systems is assumed to be one of the key goals in advanced building design.
The present study was conducted based on causal research and simulation. Design Builder thermal simulation software was used as the tool to this end. Therefore, a building with/out solar chimney was modeled and analyzed to identify the effect of solar chimney on the amount of energy used for heating.
In-house graphic designer: Responsibilities included maintaining corporate branding, keeping all new and old marketing material and internal document cohesive with the style guide, designing new promotional materials such as posters, signs, labels, badges etc.
In-house photographer: Responsible for photographing the Safety Leadership Development Fund Billboard for both Clermont Mine & Blair Athol Coal, as well as photographing for events, media and internal jobs.
Achievements:
2010 Blair Athol 500 Days LTI free Safety Booklet
2010 Safety Leadership Development Program Billboard - Blair Athol
2010 Safety Leadership Development Program Billboard - Clermont Mine
OSMC 2016 - Monasca - Monitoring-as-a-Service (at-Scale) by Roland HochmuthNETWAYS
Roland Hochmut ist der Project Tech Lead (PTL) und Software Architect bei Monasca, das Open –Source Monitoring-as-a-Service (at-Scale) OpenStack Project (https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Monasca). Er konzentriert sich auf die Entwicklung einer leistungsstarken, skalierbaren und zuverlässigen Turn-Key Monitoring Lösung, die Einfluss hat auf die leitenden Trends und Innovationen der Industrie was Streaming von Daten, Analyse und Big Data betrifft. Er ist auch verantwortlich für die Metrics Processing Pipeline für HP`s öffentliche Cloud. Er hat Erfahrung in mehreren Software-Bereichen und Domänen, sowohl von 3-D Computer Grafiken als auch von Remote Desktop Visualisierung und Cloud Computing und Monitoring.
OSMC 2016 - The Engineer's guide to Data Analysis by Avishai Ish-ShalomNETWAYS
Avishai ist ehemaliger Operations- und Software Ingenieur mit jahrelanger Erfahrung in High Scale Produktion. Gegenwärtig arbeitet er als Engineering Manager und leitet ein Software Ingenieur-Team in der Wix.com Server Gruppe. In seiner Freizeit beschäftigt er sich mit DevOps und Operations Engineering.
How to implement strategic planning and work with your target audience right from the beginning of the project. Project design and prototyping stages with our own examples from web and mobile development.
Formulado especialmente para el hombre y la mujer.
Para mayor vitalidad y rendimiento físico (y sexual).
Mejora el funcionamiento cerebral y todas las funciones orgánicas.
Mejora la circulación sanguínea.
Mejora la memoria.
En el Hombre: Alivia los síntomas en los problemas prostáticos.
En la Mujer: Alivia las molestias menstruales, de la pre y postmenopausia.
THERMAL INVESTIGATION ON OPEN CYCLE DESICCANT COOLING AIR CONDITIONINGIjripublishers Ijri
In hot and humid countries like India, Air-conditioning systems of solid desiccant dehumidification based on direct
evaporative cooling can be an effective alternative to the existing vapor compression refrigeration air conditioning due
to its various advantages in, decreasing latent load of air, environmentally friendly, no pollutants in the process air,
decreeing power utilization and finally the equipment cost is much lower. This project first deeply explains about recent
researches and developments in solid desiccant dehumidification combined with direct evaporative cooling technologies.
A basic description of the principle operation for solid desiccants and different types of desiccant materials is given first.
Next, solid desiccant dehumidification system design and working process is included.
Air Cooler. Evaporative air cooler. Desert Cooler. Outdoor cooler. Industrial...Pramod Khedekar
We offer complete range of Air Cooler or Evaporative Air Coolers or Industrial Air Coolers or Commercial Air coolers or Desert cooler or outdoor coolers. We are Outdoor air coolers supplier in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Oman, Doha & UAE.
We know that the present air conditioning system produces cooling effect by refrigerants like Freon, Ammonia. Using this refrigerants can get maximum output but one of the major disadvantages is harmful gas emission and global warming. This problem can be overcome by using thermoelectric modules Peltier effect air conditioner and their by protecting the environment. The present paper deals with the study of Thermoelectric air conditioner using different modules is discuss Thermoelectric cooling systems have advantages over conventional cooling devices, such as compact in size, light in weight, high reliability. High reliability as there is no moving parts. Mr. Parag Singhal | Tarun Chaudhary | Shardul Kumar Vijay | Tauheed Akhtar | Vaibhav | Ravin Singh ""Thermoelectric Air Conditioning"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23509.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23509/thermoelectric-air-conditioning/mr-parag-singhal
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Published in Engineers Australia journal December 2013,
Dr. Ronald Wood discusses indoor air quality and dynamic botanical air filtration for clean "breathable" indoor air by removing VOCs, particles and other pollutants.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
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A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
1. School of Architecture, Building & Design
BUILDING SERVICES 2 (BLD 60503)
Student Name: NG HUOY MIIN
Student ID No: 0319097
Lecturer: Tan Hee Chai
Date of Submission: 21/10/2016
Assignment title: The various ways how air conditioning
systems can enhance green technology.
Word Count: 2010
August 2016 semester Page 1
2. School of Architecture, Building & Design
In line with the green technology’s policy, critically analyze and discuss the various ways how air
conditioning systems can enhance green technology.
There is no doubt that green technology is the one that has “green” purposes. “Green” in
green technology does not refer to green color, however, is the impacts on environment by green
inventions. Green inventions are environmentally friendly and it can make a greener place and
transform the world in a much better living areas. The benefits reliance on green energy, including
the ability to decrease the “ecological footprint” on the plant and also alleviate energy security
issues while spurring economic growth which make changes in HVAC technologies. The increasing
prices of fuel and oil crisis has made the respective green technology get promoted recently. The air-
conditioning plays an important role to achieve the satisfaction level since Malaysia has a humid and
hot climate. Air conditioning aims to provide a comfortable atmospheric conditions, but still along
with some drawbacks. As of now, the greater use of air-conditioning systems led to the large amount
of electrical energy which currently going through a sustainability crisis. Excessive use of air-
conditioning systems undergo a significant increase of energy consumption which make clear that
the need of utilization of renewable energy sources and sustainable considerations. In order to
reduce the greenhouse gas emission and enhance energy saving, the substantial role of environment
friendly factors is the key should be highlighted. The few major issues that air-conditioning affect the
HVAC industry and the green technology, which including ozone depletion, global warming and toxic
refrigerants. Ozone depletion is the ozone depleting substances (ODS) released to the environment
and deplete the ozone layer. Another impact of green technology is global warming, which the
refrigerants are the major damage when it is released into the environment. Besides that, toxic
refrigerants also the factor of air conditioning affects the green technology. Most commercial
refrigerants which there has different toxic composition each and CFCs is more harmful to our health
and damage green technology. Basically, conventional air conditioners employ a vapor-compression
cycle to cool the ambient air temperature in a room. Vapor compression cycles are the major cause
of global warming and ozone layer depletion. The policy of green technology includes energy,
environment, economy, and social. Air conditioning can use a huge amount of energy and increase a
building’s energy consumption and associated carbon emissions by up to 100%. There are a low
percentage of the country use the renewable sources and it shows changes in HVAC systems are still
leaves plenty of room. In addition, it should be energy efficient that ensure productive use of energy
and waste also should be minimized in order to contribute to sustainable development. Besides that,
welfare and national competitiveness need to be increased too.
Nowadays, inverter air conditioning become more popular because it is the latest
technology in the HVAC that can enhance green technology. Traditionally, air conditioning system
used the compressor which has only ON or OFF type. It has a specific limit of either it reaches the
maximum capacity or none at all and cannot save the costs. However, for inverter air conditioning,
the temperature will always approach the set temperature and maintain a constant temperature to
saving energy. The inverter system compressor will work lesser when it senses the weather is cold to
make the temperature be comfortable. In hot day compressor work harder speed up to release
more refrigerant work at maximum to make it colder. Inverted air conditioning can typically save
power consumption and 30% to 50% less electricity to operate. The most important factors to use
inverter air conditioning is it is energy savings. The benefit outweighs the initial cost of long term.
August 2016 semester Page 2
3. School of Architecture, Building & Design
The traditional system also will use more energy compared to inverter technology. Inverter air
conditioning consumes less power for as much as save money of occupants. Beside that, the big
benefit of this system is it can provide comfort to the users and quicker to achieve desired
temperature. There are no temperature fluctuations and maximizing comfort level. In addition to
the comfort, inverter air condition, runs quiet operation which quieter and no need worry about
noise when you sleep and improve quality of our life. Lastly, refrigerant R-410a which is ozone
friendly also is used in most of the inverter system. Therefore, using inverter system, definitely will
enhance the green technology and protect our environment.
Furthermore, variable air volume systems (VAV) are the best way to set up the air
conditioning in commercial and large industrial buildings and provide large saving in energy usage
and enhance green technology. VAV replaced CAV’s position for air-conditioning as CAV require
higher amount of energy for cooling system and require high air flow rates. VAV unit can maintain
same room temperature and provide more comfortable space conditions. VAV can hold a variable
amount of air and regulate the amount of cooling targeted more efficiently. Although the VAV
system is simple, but also energy efficient, which save as much as 30% in energy costs compared to
conventional dual duct systems. VAV are more common than CAV due to fan energy saving
potential. VAV can modulate more control of compressor to deliver further energy savings. VAV unit
reduces more energy consumed than using constant air volume (CAV) unit which unit has been
always cooperated full capacity until the temperature drops and increases to a specific limit and
then turns ON and OFF. Moreover, the VAV fan speed depending on the actual space temperature
automatically and modulate the refrigerant flow to maintain a constant supply air temperature. VAV
is economical to install because the duct sizes air handler are smaller. VAV can also control humidity
and dehumidifying the space efficiently.
Air conditioner refrigerant affects our environment which could also damage and impact on
the ozone layer. The CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) refrigerants often is used in number of refrigerating
and air conditioning systems. The chemicals we called it CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) are contributing
to the greenhouse effect (global warming) and is the major cause of depletion of the ozone layer.
Therefore, CFCs and R-22 are dropping out nowadays because the additional chlorine component
will destroy the ozone layer of the earth. The first way to keep away damaged by CFCs, substituted
to “R-410A”is a good choice. It is a hydro-fluorocarbon (HFC), contain no chlorine and is considered
as ozone friendly. Governments and industry should design and operate chiller plants to maximize
Life-Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) and minimizing the combined emission of refrigerant from
the air conditioning chiller and greenhouse gases from the production of power for the chiller.
Propane(R290) is natural, organic compound(hydrocarbon)and therefore it is non toxic with zero
ODP(Ozone Depletion Potential) and negligible direct global warming effect. It’s suitable for use in a
range of air conditioning applications due to its low environmental impact and excellent
thermodynamic performance. Propane is readily available and it is an energy source that can be
used to to transport to different areas. Additionally, propane has been recognized as “green” energy
which is environment friendly. Propane leaks do not pool to pollute the ground and water because it
is stored in gas form. What’s more, propane has a relatively low mass flow, which compares to R-22
August 2016 semester Page 3
4. School of Architecture, Building & Design
(approximately 55% to 60 %). It may know electricity requires the burning of coal which will emit
68% more greenhouse emissions than burning propane on the environment. The possibility of
reduced refrigerant charge give propane a great advantage of propane. Single-stage compressors
can be used down to approximately -40 °C evaporation temptation and propane can act alternative
for some of HFC blends contain no chloride. Moreover, propane is economical and efficient as it’s
less costly to operate than electric home. The costs of propane can be compared using BTU (British
Thermal Unit) and electricity is more than twice the cost of propane.
Chilled ceiling systems consist of chilled beams and radiant chilled ceilings which fulfill the
policy to enhance green technology. Radiant chilled ceilings are good alternative choice to
traditional air conditioning systems which have adequate temperature control and create excellent
air quality and comfortable indoor conditions. To meet additional cooling requirements, chilled
ceilings can be used in conjunction with chilled beam. Active beam supply volume of primary air
from a dedicated outside air system to the space and it decrease occurrences of dumping and the air
in the space is changed. It supplies a constant primary air volume and provide a superior occupancy
comfort. The superior energy capacity of water to make cooling in air conditioning is much more
economical than using refrigerant. A shallow unit of the chilled ceiling system requires 60% less
vertical space than conventional all air systems. The low volume space reduces the total volume of
air at the air handler up to 50% and require a smaller duct size that reduce overall energy.
Moreover, it has an energy saving potential due to utilize the heat transfer capacity of water and
trade-off between pumping power and fans energy. The energy use is reduced since water has more
efficiency movement and reduction in building fan use. The radiant heat transfer in the radiant
ceiling systems typically results in high thermal comfort that will cooler than the actual room
temperature. Besides, as compared to fans, the superior operational efficiency of pumps takes
advantage that chilled ceiling systems can utilize the heat transfer capacity of water and reduce fan
energy by a factor of 7 to deliver the same cooling to the space. Therefore, chill ceiling systems
need less conditioning than traditional system and increased opportunities for energy savings.
Ice powered air conditioning unit we called it Ice Bears, from a new company, Ice Energy can
be considered to enhance green technology by reducing a building’s total net energy consumption.
This air conditioner can use ice to cool the hot refrigerant rather than the AC unit’s compressor,
which keeps the building’s temperature comfortable. To decrease the tremendous amount of power
use in a hot day, it makes ice at night and cool the air conditioning units’ during the day. 450 gallons
of water in the tank was frozen and for the next day to use. It can provide cooling up to 6 hours
when the ice bear switched to cool mode. Ice Bear works in conjunction with A/C unit, so the job of
cooling reverts back to building’s conventional commercial Air-conditioning unit after the ice has
melted. As that reason it decreases the electricity, cooling bill save up to 40% of the building and
offers significant cost savings. It gets together the smart-grid technology with integrated cooling and
Ice Energy’s patented thermal storage. This combination can enable us easy control the residential
cooling load and the utilities get a solution to its peak power problems. During solar over-generation
periods, homeowners can obtain the cooling they desired. It is a green energy storage system that
residential AC load is transformed into a flexible resource for utilities while supply cooling systems to
August 2016 semester Page 4
5. School of Architecture, Building & Design
users. There is no optimum capacity even big or small scale, it can be cost effective. Focus on
storage, Ice bear’s batteries have a longer lived as the units cost less. AC compressor will turn off and
provide cooling with stored ice when demand peaks and rates go up. It is also not impact any
environmental problems and suffer any degradation. Moreover, Ice Bears do no use any hazardous
or toxic material and easily to be recycled. Ice batteries can green up our environment with reduced
carbon emissions and nitrogen oxides emissions by supporting renewable energy.
As many countries in the world, resources, capacity in Malaysia has facing the energy crisis
and the only solution that is to propose sustainable developments make a point to enhance green
technology. The substantial role of environment friendly factors is the key should be highlighted to
reduce the greenhouse gas emission and enhance energy savings. The several ways mention above
should be carried out by modifying air conditioning systems. People should promote utilization and
attain energy independence efficiently. Take some action to conserve and minimize the impact on
the environment and therefore improve quality of life of all. Last of all, people should enhance the
national economic development through the use of green technology.
References:
August 2016 semester Page 5
6. School of Architecture, Building & Design
Air Conditioner Refrigerant. (2016). Airconditioning-systems.com. Retrieved 20 October 2016,
from http://www.airconditioning-systems.com/air-conditioner-refrigerant.html
(2016). Retrieved 20 October 2016, from
http://www.unep.fr/ozonaction/information/mmcfiles/3973-e-buildingowners.pdf
R290 (CARE 40) Propane | Linde Industrial Gases. (2016). Linde Industrial Gases. Retrieved 20
October 2016, from http://www.linde-
gas.com/en/products_and_supply/refrigerants/natural_refrigerants/r290_propane/index.html
Inverter Air Conditioning. (2016). Airconditioning-systems.com. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from
http://www.airconditioning-systems.com/inverter-air-conditioning.html
Howard, R. (2016). More about Air Conditioning Systems. Cibseenergycentre.co.uk. Retrieved 20
October 2016, from http://www.cibseenergycentre.co.uk/more-about-air-conditioning.html
Ice Energy Introduces Ice Bear 20, an Ice Battery That Manages Residential Cooling Load for
Utilities - Ice Energy. (2016). Ice Energy. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from https://www.ice-
energy.com/ice-energy-introduces-ice-bear-20-ice-battery-manages-residential-cooling-load-
utilities/
Top 10 Green Heating and Cooling Technologies. (2011). HowStuffWorks. Retrieved 20 October
2016, from http://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/construction/green/10-green-
heating-and-cooling-technologies8.htm
7 Green Technologies That Are Changing HVAC. (2016). HVAC Classes. Retrieved 20 October 2016,
from http://www.hvacclasses.org/blog/green-technologies-changing-hvac
August 2016 semester Page 6
7. School of Architecture, Building & Design
Air Conditioner Refrigerant. (2016). Airconditioning-systems.com. Retrieved 20 October 2016,
from http://www.airconditioning-systems.com/air-conditioner-refrigerant.html
(2016). Retrieved 20 October 2016, from
http://www.unep.fr/ozonaction/information/mmcfiles/3973-e-buildingowners.pdf
R290 (CARE 40) Propane | Linde Industrial Gases. (2016). Linde Industrial Gases. Retrieved 20
October 2016, from http://www.linde-
gas.com/en/products_and_supply/refrigerants/natural_refrigerants/r290_propane/index.html
Inverter Air Conditioning. (2016). Airconditioning-systems.com. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from
http://www.airconditioning-systems.com/inverter-air-conditioning.html
Howard, R. (2016). More about Air Conditioning Systems. Cibseenergycentre.co.uk. Retrieved 20
October 2016, from http://www.cibseenergycentre.co.uk/more-about-air-conditioning.html
Ice Energy Introduces Ice Bear 20, an Ice Battery That Manages Residential Cooling Load for
Utilities - Ice Energy. (2016). Ice Energy. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from https://www.ice-
energy.com/ice-energy-introduces-ice-bear-20-ice-battery-manages-residential-cooling-load-
utilities/
Top 10 Green Heating and Cooling Technologies. (2011). HowStuffWorks. Retrieved 20 October
2016, from http://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/construction/green/10-green-
heating-and-cooling-technologies8.htm
7 Green Technologies That Are Changing HVAC. (2016). HVAC Classes. Retrieved 20 October 2016,
from http://www.hvacclasses.org/blog/green-technologies-changing-hvac
August 2016 semester Page 6