presentation on engine emission and its control

1. A Presentation on
Engine emissions
and
its control
PREPARED BY :-
APPU KUMAR
1214340039
ME-1
IMS ENGG . COLLEGE

2. Engine emissions :-
 1. exhaust emissions
 2.non-exhaust emission
Exhaust emissions :-
 Unburnt hydrocarbon( HC)
 Oxides of carbon (CO2,CO)
 NO,NO2
 SO2,SO3
 Particulates, soot ,smoke
First four are common to both SI and CI
engines and last are mainly from CI
engines

3. Emissions as a function of equivalence ratio
for a SI engine

4. Emissions as a function of
equivalence ratio for a CI engine

5. Hydrocarbon emission :-
causes :-
 Incomplete combustion
 Crevice volumes and flow in crevices
 Leakage past the exhaust valves
 Valve overlap
 Deposits on walls
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) EMISSION
 Created when engine is operated with
a fuel rich equivalence ratio
 CO+1/2O2=CO2+heat

6. Oxides of nitrogen :-
 Created mostly from nitrogen in the air
 Found in fuel blends
 Fuel may contain trace amounts of
NH3,NC,HCN
Primarily causes for photochemical smog.
NO2 +energy from sunlight
=NO+O+smog
MINOR EMISSIONS :-
Aldehyde, sulphur,lead, phosphorus

7. Emission control methods :-
1.Thermal converters
• means of lowering emissions
• Are high temperatures chamber
through which the exhaust gas flows
• Promotes oxidation of the CO and HC
which remain in the exhaust.
2. CATALYTIC CONVERTERS :-

9. Catalytic converters :-
• Automotive catalytic converter are
made of platinum, palladium and
rhodium or a combination of these
materials.
• Platinum and palladium are used to
change HC and CO into CO2 and
Water.
• Rhodium acts to reduce NOx emissions
• Due to enhance emissions standard
later model catalytic converters now
use cerium to attract and release
oxygen inside the converter to aid in the
process of changing HC and CO to

10. Catalytic converter :-
 The catalyst agent inside a catalytic
converter is either ceramic beads or a
honeycomb-shaped blocks.
 All catalytic converters are encased in
a stainless steal housing.
 NOTE: stainless steal is used on
newer vehicle with catalytic converters
because the production of water will
rust traditional exhaust system medals
in only a few years

11. Problems related to catalytic
converters

12. Cold starts ups :-
 Not efficient when engines are cold
 After engine started it takes several
minutes to become efficient
 Temperature at which becomes 50 %
efficient is called light off temperature
in the range of 250-300 c

13. Non exhaust emissions :-
 Sources in an automobile which emit
emissions
 Fuel tank
 Carburetor
 Crankcase
MODERN EVAPORATIVE EMISSION
CONTROL SYSTEM

14. Crankcase blow by :-