The socio-economic evolution of populations has in recent decades a rapid and multiple changes, including dietary habits that have been characterized by the consumption of fresh products out of season and widely available throughout the year.
Culture under shelters of fruit, vegetable and flower species developed from the classical to the greenhouse agro - industrial, currently known for its modernity and high level of automation (heating, misting, of conditioning, control, regulation and control, supervisor of computer etc.). New techniques have emerged, including the use of control devices and regulating climate variables in a greenhouse (temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration etc.) to the exploitation of artificial intelligence such as neural networks and / or fuzzy logic.
This project report summarizes the design of an energy efficient green building with optimized energy use. The building uses various techniques to minimize carbon consumption from electricity usage, including insulating walls and windows, using geothermal cooling systems, installing rainwater harvesting and solar photovoltaic systems. The CAD prototype shows the building layout and design criteria focus on minimizing operational carbon emissions and energy usage/waste. A key feature is the use of geothermal heating and cooling, which can reduce energy consumption by up to 72% compared to traditional systems. The report analyzes costs and energy usage of the building over its lifetime.
The document discusses a greenhouse temperature control system that precisely regulates the temperature of the growth medium to minimize fungal infections while maintaining productivity. It can protect against various fungi like Pythium, Fusarium, Verticillium, and Phytophthora. The system uses an advanced tubular cooling system to precisely control the temperature of the growth medium without affecting the air temperature and humidity levels needed for optimal plant growth. It has undergone research greenhouse trials and has a granted patent in Norway. Partners are sought for further joint research and licensing of the technology.
Passive House Principles for Hot Humid Climatesaiahouston
This document discusses passive house strategies for hot and humid climates. It begins with an overview of passive house principles, including optimizing orientation, super insulation, air sealing, and high-performance windows. It then discusses specific strategies for hot and humid climates, such as envelope strategies to minimize solar heat gain, ventilation systems with heat and moisture recovery, and passive cooling techniques like night purge ventilation. The document emphasizes that passive building design must be climate specific, noting differences in factors like heating and cooling degree days, humidity levels, and solar radiation between climates.
Ventilation systems in greenhouses serve several purposes:
1) To maintain fresh air for plant and human respiratory systems.
2) To control carbon dioxide, oxygen, moisture, and temperature levels.
3) To remove dust and odors.
Natural ventilation relies on pressure and temperature differences to move air through openings, while mechanical ventilation uses fans and ducts. Computer control systems now integrate temperature, humidity, irrigation, fertilization, CO2, light, and shade levels to precisely manage the greenhouse environment.
This document provides an overview of thermal insulation in buildings. It discusses heat transfer mechanisms like conduction, convection, and radiation. It defines key terms like U-value and R-value and describes different types of thermal insulation materials. Benefits of insulation like reduced energy consumption and increased comfort are outlined. The significance of insulation for Saudi Arabian buildings given the hot climate is also reviewed. Finally, efforts by the Saudi government to promote energy efficiency and green building practices are briefly mentioned.
The document discusses Earth Air Tunnels (EAT), a passive cooling system that uses the constant underground temperature to cool buildings. EAT works by pumping air through underground pipes/tunnels 4 meters deep, where the temperature remains stable year-round. Key factors that affect EAT performance include pipe design parameters, soil properties, air velocity, and system operation as open or closed loop. EAT provides both cooling and heating, is low cost to operate, and can be used for various building types from homes to hospitals. However, EAT requires significant space and has a high initial installation cost.
Natural ventilation utilizes stack effect and wind pressure to supply outdoor air into buildings for ventilation and cooling without fans or mechanical systems. It reduces energy consumption for air conditioning. Key concepts include an airtight building envelope with operable windows and exhaust units located high with intakes low to facilitate airflow. Benefits include reduced costs and energy usage while providing thermal comfort, though effectiveness varies with outdoor conditions. Application requires considering factors like prevailing winds, vegetation, inlet/outlet placement and sizing.
The document discusses natural ventilation, including definitions, types, principles, benefits, techniques, strategies, and case studies. It defines natural ventilation as air supply and removal through natural means without mechanical systems. The main types described are wind-driven, buoyancy-driven, and plant-based ventilation. Principles include single-sided, cross, and stack ventilation. Benefits are lower energy use, space efficiency, and increased occupant productivity. Techniques involve windows, double skin facades, and solar chimneys. Case studies illustrate successful natural ventilation in buildings in Rio de Janeiro and the PNC Bank Tower in Pittsburgh.
This project report summarizes the design of an energy efficient green building with optimized energy use. The building uses various techniques to minimize carbon consumption from electricity usage, including insulating walls and windows, using geothermal cooling systems, installing rainwater harvesting and solar photovoltaic systems. The CAD prototype shows the building layout and design criteria focus on minimizing operational carbon emissions and energy usage/waste. A key feature is the use of geothermal heating and cooling, which can reduce energy consumption by up to 72% compared to traditional systems. The report analyzes costs and energy usage of the building over its lifetime.
The document discusses a greenhouse temperature control system that precisely regulates the temperature of the growth medium to minimize fungal infections while maintaining productivity. It can protect against various fungi like Pythium, Fusarium, Verticillium, and Phytophthora. The system uses an advanced tubular cooling system to precisely control the temperature of the growth medium without affecting the air temperature and humidity levels needed for optimal plant growth. It has undergone research greenhouse trials and has a granted patent in Norway. Partners are sought for further joint research and licensing of the technology.
Passive House Principles for Hot Humid Climatesaiahouston
This document discusses passive house strategies for hot and humid climates. It begins with an overview of passive house principles, including optimizing orientation, super insulation, air sealing, and high-performance windows. It then discusses specific strategies for hot and humid climates, such as envelope strategies to minimize solar heat gain, ventilation systems with heat and moisture recovery, and passive cooling techniques like night purge ventilation. The document emphasizes that passive building design must be climate specific, noting differences in factors like heating and cooling degree days, humidity levels, and solar radiation between climates.
Ventilation systems in greenhouses serve several purposes:
1) To maintain fresh air for plant and human respiratory systems.
2) To control carbon dioxide, oxygen, moisture, and temperature levels.
3) To remove dust and odors.
Natural ventilation relies on pressure and temperature differences to move air through openings, while mechanical ventilation uses fans and ducts. Computer control systems now integrate temperature, humidity, irrigation, fertilization, CO2, light, and shade levels to precisely manage the greenhouse environment.
This document provides an overview of thermal insulation in buildings. It discusses heat transfer mechanisms like conduction, convection, and radiation. It defines key terms like U-value and R-value and describes different types of thermal insulation materials. Benefits of insulation like reduced energy consumption and increased comfort are outlined. The significance of insulation for Saudi Arabian buildings given the hot climate is also reviewed. Finally, efforts by the Saudi government to promote energy efficiency and green building practices are briefly mentioned.
The document discusses Earth Air Tunnels (EAT), a passive cooling system that uses the constant underground temperature to cool buildings. EAT works by pumping air through underground pipes/tunnels 4 meters deep, where the temperature remains stable year-round. Key factors that affect EAT performance include pipe design parameters, soil properties, air velocity, and system operation as open or closed loop. EAT provides both cooling and heating, is low cost to operate, and can be used for various building types from homes to hospitals. However, EAT requires significant space and has a high initial installation cost.
Natural ventilation utilizes stack effect and wind pressure to supply outdoor air into buildings for ventilation and cooling without fans or mechanical systems. It reduces energy consumption for air conditioning. Key concepts include an airtight building envelope with operable windows and exhaust units located high with intakes low to facilitate airflow. Benefits include reduced costs and energy usage while providing thermal comfort, though effectiveness varies with outdoor conditions. Application requires considering factors like prevailing winds, vegetation, inlet/outlet placement and sizing.
The document discusses natural ventilation, including definitions, types, principles, benefits, techniques, strategies, and case studies. It defines natural ventilation as air supply and removal through natural means without mechanical systems. The main types described are wind-driven, buoyancy-driven, and plant-based ventilation. Principles include single-sided, cross, and stack ventilation. Benefits are lower energy use, space efficiency, and increased occupant productivity. Techniques involve windows, double skin facades, and solar chimneys. Case studies illustrate successful natural ventilation in buildings in Rio de Janeiro and the PNC Bank Tower in Pittsburgh.
Energy efficient buildings (EEB) aim to reduce climate impact and energy costs by encouraging efficient energy and resource use in construction. As infrastructure grows with a looming energy crisis, EEB promotes good practices like reducing heating/cooling demands through insulation, shading, and efficient systems. Key energy efficiency measures for buildings include limiting exposed areas, improving insulation, using natural ventilation, maximizing daylighting, installing efficient lighting and water heating controls, and recovering heat from hot water pipes.
The document provides an overview of geothermal concepts for ground cooling and tapping into the earth for home heating and cooling. It discusses how geothermal heat pumps use the earth as a heat source in winter and heat sink in summer. There are different types of geothermal systems - horizontal closed loops installed in trenches, vertical closed loops using drilled wells, pond/lake closed loops, and well open loops. While initial costs are higher, geothermal systems are more efficient and can save homeowners over $800 per year on energy bills, paying for themselves within 16 years. The document also discusses a case study of the TERI Retreat, which uses geothermal and other renewable energy sources.
This document discusses Integro's intelligent underfloor heating system. It provides benefits of underfloor heating over traditional central heating such as more even heat distribution and lower required temperature settings. The system uses self-regulating heating cables that automatically adjust heat output based on floor temperature. Additional products described include under-carpet heating mats, mirror heating pads, towel warmers, hot water temperature maintenance, driveway and roof snow melting, and frost protection for taps and fire suppression systems.
Lecture 8 heating ventilation & air-conditioningBekark
This document discusses heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It begins by explaining how HVAC principles influence architectural design. It then provides descriptions of common HVAC components and systems, including air handlers, makeup air units, rooftop units, fan coil units, constant air volume systems, and variable air volume systems. The document also discusses heating systems such as fireplaces, stoves, heat pumps, solar heating, and portable units. It covers ventilation methods and factors like indoor air quality. Finally, it addresses HVAC energy efficiency considerations for heating, air conditioning, and thermodynamics.
This document discusses greenhouse cooling and heating systems. It describes how ventilation systems work using mechanical fans or natural thermal buoyancy and wind. Two common evaporative cooling systems are described: fan and pad systems that pull air through wet pads, and fog systems that disperse fine water droplets. Factors that influence the effectiveness of these systems are discussed. The document also covers greenhouse shading and factors to consider for heating systems.
The document is a case study on the passive cooling and natural lighting strategies used in the warehouse at Sekeping Serendah, Selangor, Malaysia. It discusses how large overhanging roofs, surrounding vegetation, and an open layout with minimal internal walls promote passive cooling through shading and cross ventilation. Skylights are also used to provide natural lighting. These passive design features help minimize energy consumption for cooling and lighting in the warehouse, reducing its environmental impact.
Heat stress from high temperatures is a major problem for poultry production. Evaporative cooling can help but is only effective under low humidity conditions. A two-stage air cooling system uses underground pipes to first sensibly cool the air before further cooling it evaporatively. A study showed this system maintained stable indoor temperatures for poultry even as outdoor temperatures varied widely, improving production over conventional cooling methods.
Underfloor heating and cooling uses conduction, radiation, and convection to achieve indoor climate control through thermal comfort. It has a long history dating back thousands of years. Modern systems use either electric heating elements or hydronic piping systems to heat the floor. Hydronic systems circulate heated water through pipes, while electric systems use flexible heating cables or mats. Underfloor heating provides thermal comfort, improves indoor air quality, and can enhance energy efficiency when used in high-performance buildings with renewable energy sources like geothermal or solar thermal.
This document discusses passive cooling techniques in buildings that do not require electricity. It describes passive cooling as using natural processes like convection, conduction and radiation to achieve balanced interior conditions. Some key passive cooling techniques mentioned are air movement, evaporative cooling, wind catchers, and earth tubes. Wind catchers in particular are highlighted as an ancient passive cooling method used in Hyderabad that brings in cool breezes. The document stresses the importance of passive cooling given the current electricity shortages and its environmental benefits over energy-intensive active cooling systems.
This document provides case studies on several buildings that utilize passive cooling and heating systems to reduce energy usage. It summarizes the sustainable features of the Druk White Lotus School in Ladakh, India which uses passive solar heating and natural ventilation. It also describes the Indira Paryavaran Bhawan in Delhi which saves 40% energy and 55% water usage through passive design strategies like optimal building orientation and integration with nature. Finally, it discusses the passive cooling techniques used at the TERI campus in Bangalore like good cross ventilation and utilizing thick southern walls.
Top Cooling & Heating Technologies For Cost-effective Business Growthhamnajain
This document discusses six different heating and cooling system technologies that can help businesses save money and improve efficiency:
1) Biomass energy systems utilize organic materials like wood to generate heat for heating and cooling through biomass combustion or conversion to electricity.
2) Geothermal systems take advantage of the earth's constant subsurface temperature through heat pumps to provide heating and cooling.
3) District heating and cooling systems distribute chilled or heated water through underground pipes to provide efficient cooling and heating to multiple buildings.
4) Green roofs insulate buildings and reduce thermal absorption, lowering heating and cooling needs and extending HVAC lifespan.
5) Smart thermostats allow remote temperature control and learn user behaviors to predictively
The Bullitt Center is a commercial office building located in Seattle, Washington at the intersection of the Central District neighborhood and Capitol Hill. It was opened on Earth Day in 2013 as the world's greenest commercial building and later certified as a "Living Building" by the International Living Future Institute in 2015. The building was designed to generate as much energy annually from its solar panels as it uses and has exceeded expectations for energy efficiency, comfort, and indoor environmental quality in its first year of operation.
This document discusses energy efficient ventilation systems. It covers various passive ventilation techniques that can reduce energy consumption compared to mechanical ventilation. These include natural ventilation, cross ventilation, earth air tunnels, and passive cooling and heating methods. The document also reviews literature on ventilation and surveys energy usage for ventilation in homes. The conclusion is that passive ventilation techniques are important for natural ventilation and can significantly reduce energy usage while increasing air circulation, making buildings more eco-friendly.
Mechanical ventilation such as an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) or a heat recovery ventilator (HRV) provides a solution to a number of issues presented by natural ventilation. Proper ventilation is a critical consideration for homes and buildings. Poor ventilation can cause a buildup in indoor air pollutants like dust, pollen, mold, and household chemicals and lead to a lower living standard and poorer health of the building’s occupants.
The document discusses passive cooling and natural lighting strategies to minimize energy consumption in a warehouse in Sekeping Serendah, Selangor, Malaysia. It identifies factors that affect energy usage, including user habits and appliances. It then describes passive design features of the warehouse, including sun shading from surrounding plants and large roofs, cross ventilation and an open layout for natural ventilation, thermal mass from concrete and bricks, and a skylight to provide natural lighting. These passive strategies reduce the need for active cooling and mechanical lighting, lowering electrical usage and energy consumption.
Natural ventilation relies on wind and temperature differences to flow fresh air through a building without mechanical systems. It is best suited for open plan layouts and areas with minimal noise pollution. The benefits include energy savings, reduced environmental impact, and robustness. To be effective, natural ventilation must be planned early in the design process with a team approach to meet the client's objectives. Equations are provided to calculate airflow based on factors like opening area, wind velocity, and indoor/outdoor temperature difference. Considerations like inlet/outlet placement and sizing are also discussed.
Natural Ventilation and Hydronic Cooling in Humid Climatesaiahouston
This document provides an overview of natural ventilation and hydronic cooling systems in humid climates like the Gulf Coast. It discusses human thermal comfort, natural ventilation approaches and benefits, mixed-mode ventilation, hydronic cooling system types like chilled beams, and design considerations for controlling humidity and moisture. The key advantages of these systems are energy savings when conditions allow for natural ventilation and more effective heat transfer through water-based systems. Controls integration and addressing humidity are important challenges.
The document discusses various challenges and considerations around accurately accounting for carbon emissions from buildings and electricity production methods. It touches on the need for standardized approaches and boundaries to avoid double counting, the sensitivity of different methods to accounting assumptions, and debates around how to appropriately assign emissions factors across supply chains and energy grids.
Natural ventilation uses the Bernoulli principle and stack effect to ventilate buildings without mechanical systems. It provides fresh air through passive airflow driven by wind and pressure differences. The BedZED development in London successfully uses natural ventilation methods like wind cowls that scoop air into buildings and outlets that release air, as well as stack ventilation with low inlets and high outlets to draw in cool air and expel warm air. Natural ventilation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to active cooling systems.
Simulating The Air-Condition Controlling In Operating Room And ImprovementWaqas Tariq
In this study we have tried necessary condition and suitable for air balance and temperature in the operating room, using a fuzzy expert controller system and thermal cameras are designed. Condition for implementation and simulation of this system has been studied to see if it can be true or not performed in hospitals. This is a completely new method, all the operating room by a fuzzy controller with thermal picture environment has been properly balanced to ventilation system work properly. Therefore, the operating room is simulated using MATLAB software so fuzzy control system is supposed to be shown the benefits of this control system. Input parameters of the system are important factors in determining the balance temperature and ambient temperature. The publication of these parameters is considered as an output parameter. By the expert system, an account statement with the membership functions for input parameters were defined. After classification of ventilation systems and related information, using a concept designed interface that with MATLAB software has been simulated, transferred to the computer and also whole system operation in the operating room during hundred minutes is shown. The results revealed by this controller showed that in terms of economic and reliability and other has more advantages than the previous single-phase system.
The Future of Air Conditioning & its Impact on the PlanetRishab Gupta
Air conditioning places a significant burden on energy systems and greenhouse gas emissions from air conditioners are projected to accelerate dramatically by 2050 as the number increases from 900 million to over 2.5 billion units worldwide. Improving the average efficiency of air conditioners globally by 30% by 2030 could reduce emissions by 25 billion metric tons of CO2 and reduce peak electricity demand significantly. While air conditioning provides health and productivity benefits, it is also a major contributor to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions. Regulations and development of more environmentally friendly cooling technologies must continue to address this challenge.
Energy efficient buildings (EEB) aim to reduce climate impact and energy costs by encouraging efficient energy and resource use in construction. As infrastructure grows with a looming energy crisis, EEB promotes good practices like reducing heating/cooling demands through insulation, shading, and efficient systems. Key energy efficiency measures for buildings include limiting exposed areas, improving insulation, using natural ventilation, maximizing daylighting, installing efficient lighting and water heating controls, and recovering heat from hot water pipes.
The document provides an overview of geothermal concepts for ground cooling and tapping into the earth for home heating and cooling. It discusses how geothermal heat pumps use the earth as a heat source in winter and heat sink in summer. There are different types of geothermal systems - horizontal closed loops installed in trenches, vertical closed loops using drilled wells, pond/lake closed loops, and well open loops. While initial costs are higher, geothermal systems are more efficient and can save homeowners over $800 per year on energy bills, paying for themselves within 16 years. The document also discusses a case study of the TERI Retreat, which uses geothermal and other renewable energy sources.
This document discusses Integro's intelligent underfloor heating system. It provides benefits of underfloor heating over traditional central heating such as more even heat distribution and lower required temperature settings. The system uses self-regulating heating cables that automatically adjust heat output based on floor temperature. Additional products described include under-carpet heating mats, mirror heating pads, towel warmers, hot water temperature maintenance, driveway and roof snow melting, and frost protection for taps and fire suppression systems.
Lecture 8 heating ventilation & air-conditioningBekark
This document discusses heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It begins by explaining how HVAC principles influence architectural design. It then provides descriptions of common HVAC components and systems, including air handlers, makeup air units, rooftop units, fan coil units, constant air volume systems, and variable air volume systems. The document also discusses heating systems such as fireplaces, stoves, heat pumps, solar heating, and portable units. It covers ventilation methods and factors like indoor air quality. Finally, it addresses HVAC energy efficiency considerations for heating, air conditioning, and thermodynamics.
This document discusses greenhouse cooling and heating systems. It describes how ventilation systems work using mechanical fans or natural thermal buoyancy and wind. Two common evaporative cooling systems are described: fan and pad systems that pull air through wet pads, and fog systems that disperse fine water droplets. Factors that influence the effectiveness of these systems are discussed. The document also covers greenhouse shading and factors to consider for heating systems.
The document is a case study on the passive cooling and natural lighting strategies used in the warehouse at Sekeping Serendah, Selangor, Malaysia. It discusses how large overhanging roofs, surrounding vegetation, and an open layout with minimal internal walls promote passive cooling through shading and cross ventilation. Skylights are also used to provide natural lighting. These passive design features help minimize energy consumption for cooling and lighting in the warehouse, reducing its environmental impact.
Heat stress from high temperatures is a major problem for poultry production. Evaporative cooling can help but is only effective under low humidity conditions. A two-stage air cooling system uses underground pipes to first sensibly cool the air before further cooling it evaporatively. A study showed this system maintained stable indoor temperatures for poultry even as outdoor temperatures varied widely, improving production over conventional cooling methods.
Underfloor heating and cooling uses conduction, radiation, and convection to achieve indoor climate control through thermal comfort. It has a long history dating back thousands of years. Modern systems use either electric heating elements or hydronic piping systems to heat the floor. Hydronic systems circulate heated water through pipes, while electric systems use flexible heating cables or mats. Underfloor heating provides thermal comfort, improves indoor air quality, and can enhance energy efficiency when used in high-performance buildings with renewable energy sources like geothermal or solar thermal.
This document discusses passive cooling techniques in buildings that do not require electricity. It describes passive cooling as using natural processes like convection, conduction and radiation to achieve balanced interior conditions. Some key passive cooling techniques mentioned are air movement, evaporative cooling, wind catchers, and earth tubes. Wind catchers in particular are highlighted as an ancient passive cooling method used in Hyderabad that brings in cool breezes. The document stresses the importance of passive cooling given the current electricity shortages and its environmental benefits over energy-intensive active cooling systems.
This document provides case studies on several buildings that utilize passive cooling and heating systems to reduce energy usage. It summarizes the sustainable features of the Druk White Lotus School in Ladakh, India which uses passive solar heating and natural ventilation. It also describes the Indira Paryavaran Bhawan in Delhi which saves 40% energy and 55% water usage through passive design strategies like optimal building orientation and integration with nature. Finally, it discusses the passive cooling techniques used at the TERI campus in Bangalore like good cross ventilation and utilizing thick southern walls.
Top Cooling & Heating Technologies For Cost-effective Business Growthhamnajain
This document discusses six different heating and cooling system technologies that can help businesses save money and improve efficiency:
1) Biomass energy systems utilize organic materials like wood to generate heat for heating and cooling through biomass combustion or conversion to electricity.
2) Geothermal systems take advantage of the earth's constant subsurface temperature through heat pumps to provide heating and cooling.
3) District heating and cooling systems distribute chilled or heated water through underground pipes to provide efficient cooling and heating to multiple buildings.
4) Green roofs insulate buildings and reduce thermal absorption, lowering heating and cooling needs and extending HVAC lifespan.
5) Smart thermostats allow remote temperature control and learn user behaviors to predictively
The Bullitt Center is a commercial office building located in Seattle, Washington at the intersection of the Central District neighborhood and Capitol Hill. It was opened on Earth Day in 2013 as the world's greenest commercial building and later certified as a "Living Building" by the International Living Future Institute in 2015. The building was designed to generate as much energy annually from its solar panels as it uses and has exceeded expectations for energy efficiency, comfort, and indoor environmental quality in its first year of operation.
This document discusses energy efficient ventilation systems. It covers various passive ventilation techniques that can reduce energy consumption compared to mechanical ventilation. These include natural ventilation, cross ventilation, earth air tunnels, and passive cooling and heating methods. The document also reviews literature on ventilation and surveys energy usage for ventilation in homes. The conclusion is that passive ventilation techniques are important for natural ventilation and can significantly reduce energy usage while increasing air circulation, making buildings more eco-friendly.
Mechanical ventilation such as an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) or a heat recovery ventilator (HRV) provides a solution to a number of issues presented by natural ventilation. Proper ventilation is a critical consideration for homes and buildings. Poor ventilation can cause a buildup in indoor air pollutants like dust, pollen, mold, and household chemicals and lead to a lower living standard and poorer health of the building’s occupants.
The document discusses passive cooling and natural lighting strategies to minimize energy consumption in a warehouse in Sekeping Serendah, Selangor, Malaysia. It identifies factors that affect energy usage, including user habits and appliances. It then describes passive design features of the warehouse, including sun shading from surrounding plants and large roofs, cross ventilation and an open layout for natural ventilation, thermal mass from concrete and bricks, and a skylight to provide natural lighting. These passive strategies reduce the need for active cooling and mechanical lighting, lowering electrical usage and energy consumption.
Natural ventilation relies on wind and temperature differences to flow fresh air through a building without mechanical systems. It is best suited for open plan layouts and areas with minimal noise pollution. The benefits include energy savings, reduced environmental impact, and robustness. To be effective, natural ventilation must be planned early in the design process with a team approach to meet the client's objectives. Equations are provided to calculate airflow based on factors like opening area, wind velocity, and indoor/outdoor temperature difference. Considerations like inlet/outlet placement and sizing are also discussed.
Natural Ventilation and Hydronic Cooling in Humid Climatesaiahouston
This document provides an overview of natural ventilation and hydronic cooling systems in humid climates like the Gulf Coast. It discusses human thermal comfort, natural ventilation approaches and benefits, mixed-mode ventilation, hydronic cooling system types like chilled beams, and design considerations for controlling humidity and moisture. The key advantages of these systems are energy savings when conditions allow for natural ventilation and more effective heat transfer through water-based systems. Controls integration and addressing humidity are important challenges.
The document discusses various challenges and considerations around accurately accounting for carbon emissions from buildings and electricity production methods. It touches on the need for standardized approaches and boundaries to avoid double counting, the sensitivity of different methods to accounting assumptions, and debates around how to appropriately assign emissions factors across supply chains and energy grids.
Natural ventilation uses the Bernoulli principle and stack effect to ventilate buildings without mechanical systems. It provides fresh air through passive airflow driven by wind and pressure differences. The BedZED development in London successfully uses natural ventilation methods like wind cowls that scoop air into buildings and outlets that release air, as well as stack ventilation with low inlets and high outlets to draw in cool air and expel warm air. Natural ventilation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to active cooling systems.
Simulating The Air-Condition Controlling In Operating Room And ImprovementWaqas Tariq
In this study we have tried necessary condition and suitable for air balance and temperature in the operating room, using a fuzzy expert controller system and thermal cameras are designed. Condition for implementation and simulation of this system has been studied to see if it can be true or not performed in hospitals. This is a completely new method, all the operating room by a fuzzy controller with thermal picture environment has been properly balanced to ventilation system work properly. Therefore, the operating room is simulated using MATLAB software so fuzzy control system is supposed to be shown the benefits of this control system. Input parameters of the system are important factors in determining the balance temperature and ambient temperature. The publication of these parameters is considered as an output parameter. By the expert system, an account statement with the membership functions for input parameters were defined. After classification of ventilation systems and related information, using a concept designed interface that with MATLAB software has been simulated, transferred to the computer and also whole system operation in the operating room during hundred minutes is shown. The results revealed by this controller showed that in terms of economic and reliability and other has more advantages than the previous single-phase system.
The Future of Air Conditioning & its Impact on the PlanetRishab Gupta
Air conditioning places a significant burden on energy systems and greenhouse gas emissions from air conditioners are projected to accelerate dramatically by 2050 as the number increases from 900 million to over 2.5 billion units worldwide. Improving the average efficiency of air conditioners globally by 30% by 2030 could reduce emissions by 25 billion metric tons of CO2 and reduce peak electricity demand significantly. While air conditioning provides health and productivity benefits, it is also a major contributor to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions. Regulations and development of more environmentally friendly cooling technologies must continue to address this challenge.
This 4-week industrial training report document provides an introduction, index, and acknowledgements section. It discusses refrigeration and air conditioning topics including methods of refrigeration, units of refrigeration, vapor compression refrigeration system components, and applications of refrigeration. The document is submitted to fulfill requirements for a diploma in mechanical engineering. It is comprised of 3 sentences or less.
Heat Ventilation & Air- Conditioning System with Self-Tuning Fuzzy PI ControllerIJMER
In this paper, a Self-tuning Fuzzy PI controller is used for the supply air pressure Control
loop for Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system. The modern H. V. A. Cussing
direct digital control methods have provided useful performance data from the building occupants. The
self-tuning Fuzzy PI controller (STFPIC) adjusts the output scaling factor on-line by fuzzy rules in
accordance to the current trend of the control process. This research work has got the integration and
application of these fundamental sources of information, using some modern and novel techniques. In
Comparison to PID and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy (ANF) Controllers, the simulation results show that
STFPIC performances are better under normal conditions as well as extreme conditions where in the
HVAC system encounters large variations. The cost and scalability of the setechniques can be
positively influenced by the recent technological advancement in computing power, sensors and data
bases.
Fuzzy logic is a flexible machine learning technique that mimics human thought by allowing intermediate values between true and false. It provides a mechanism for interpreting and executing commands based on approximate or uncertain reasoning. Unlike binary logic which can only have true or false values, fuzzy logic uses linguistic variables and degrees of membership to represent concepts that may have a partial truth. Fuzzy systems find applications in automatic control, prediction, diagnosis and user interfaces.
This document provides information on refrigeration and air conditioning. It defines refrigeration as the process of transferring heat from a low temperature region to a high temperature region. The key components and working principles of vapor compression and vapor absorption refrigeration systems are described. It also discusses terms used in air conditioning like dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, and relative humidity. The layout and working of a basic window room air conditioner is explained. Domestic refrigerators like single door, two-door, and their components are outlined.
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems and their components. It describes window air conditioning systems, split air conditioning systems, centralized air conditioning systems, and packaged air conditioning systems. It also discusses new technologies like district cooling systems and chilled beam systems. The cooling cycle/refrigeration cycle is explained through its key components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. Requirements for coolants used in air conditioning systems are outlined.
Linear matrix inequalities tool to design predictive model control for green...IJECEIAES
1) Researchers developed two linear black-box models to represent the diurnal and nocturnal behavior of a greenhouse climate system. The models were identified using measured data and the least squares method.
2) A multi-model predictive control approach was proposed to control the greenhouse's internal temperature and humidity. This approach transformed the optimization problem into a convex optimization problem involving linear matrix inequalities.
3) Simulations showed the proposed multi-model predictive control method allowed for rapid and precise tracking of setpoints and effectively rejected external disturbances affecting the greenhouse climate.
Design and Performance Analysis of Solar Powered Absorption Cooling System fo...IRJET Journal
- The document discusses the design and performance analysis of a solar powered absorption cooling system for a computer lab located in Bharatpur, India.
- The peak cooling load of the computer lab is calculated to be 34.94 kW, so a 10TR vapor absorption cooling system is adopted.
- Simulations are carried out using the TRANSOL program to analyze the performance of the solar cooling system using different solar collector types and areas. Parameters like solar fraction, primary energy savings, and electrical COP are evaluated.
- It is concluded that the solar thermal cooling system can achieve good solar fractions between 0.52-0.75 and primary energy savings up to 52% for the considered location and collector areas.
This document proposes a method for integrated control of natural ventilation and HVAC systems to save energy while maintaining thermal comfort. It summarizes previous research showing that considering indoor factors like internal gains is important for energy savings. The proposed method uses a model guide for comparison (MGFC) to predict indoor air enthalpy changes based on building properties and factors affecting indoor conditions. It then integrates MGFC outputs to control a ventilation system model by triggering HVAC or natural ventilation based on predicted indoor thermal comfort. Testing on a residential building model found the proposed method achieved significant energy savings compared to other methods while maintaining comfort standards.
This document discusses the development of a hybrid building model that uses both physical and empirical methods to model energy and moisture transfer. The model divides the building into four subsystems: 1) conditioned indoor air space, 2) opaque exterior surfaces, 3) transparent fenestration surfaces, and 4) slab floors. Conservation laws are applied to each subsystem to model heat and mass transfer. The model uses an empirical residential load factor method to relate indoor and outdoor temperatures and calculate cooling/heating loads for each room. Simulations using the model under various ventilation scenarios can help reduce energy usage for cooling while maintaining thermal comfort.
Control Based On the Temperature and Moisture, Using the Fuzzy Logic.IJERA Editor
This paper explains the design and implementation of an electronic system based on a for remote control of several experimental greenhouses. This system enables its user to consult the climatic parameters and to order the greenhouses sub-systems equipment’s by SMS. The climate Sensors are packaged using the electronic circuits, and the whole is being interfaced with maps of acquisitions (Arduino) via a radio frequency connection. These sensors provide information used for the control of ventilation, heating and water pumping by SMS. The acquisitions boards contain fuzzy controllers who manage the climate for local agricultural greenhouses. The procedure used in our system offers the operator an optimal control and monitoring without traveling to the place where the greenhouses are located, using his mobile phone, and being able to view at any moment the state of the greenhouse climate via the send and receive SMS function.
An occupancy-based strategy employing computer vision for reducing cooling en...journalBEEI
The energy expended to cool the occupied areas by air conditioners represents a substantial share of the total energy exhausted in buildings. Therefore, developing strategies to reduce this energy is crucial. One of the preponderance strategies adopted to depreciate energy consumption in buildings is the occupancy-based strategy. In this research, an innovative model was established to achieve the goal of reducing cooling energy consumed in buildings based on occupancy-based combined with a constant temperature setpoint strategy in two phases, and each phase engrosses in 20 days. Phase one is to identify the extent of cooling energy employed according to the use of room occupants and its costs in consumption was 276.01 kWh after completion of this phase. Sequentially, constructing phase two intended to reduce cooling energy consumption by employing an automatic air-conditioner (AC) control strategy relying on an improved human detection algorithm with a 25℃ as temperature setpoint, resulting in 112.45 kWh of consumption. To complement the motives for elaboration, the human detection measurement using you only look once (YOLO) improved by applying pre-processing algorithms to reach an average human detection enhancement of 21.2%. The proposed model results showed that potential savings associated with the embraced strategy decreases by more than anticipated as the amount of reduced energy reached 59% savings.
Functions of fuzzy logic based controllers used in smart buildingIJECEIAES
The main aim of this study is to support design and development processes of advanced fuzzy-logic-based controller for smart buildings e.g., heating, ventilation and air conditioning, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and indoor lighting control systems. Moreover, the proposed methodology can be used to assess systems energy and environmental performances, also compare energy usages of fuzzy control systems with the performances of conventional on/off and proportional integral derivative controller (PID). The main objective and purpose of using fuzzy-logic-based model and control is to precisely control indoor thermal comfort e.g., temperature, humidity, air quality, air velocity, thermal comfort, and energy balance. Moreover, this article present and highlight mathematical models of indoor temperature and humidity transfer matrix, uncertainties of users’ comfort preference set-points and a fuzzy algorithm.
This document summarizes a study that evaluates the potential for optimizing the time response of HVAC control systems in smart buildings. The study proposes an integrated fuzzy logic controller that combines a Mamdani-type fuzzy PI-PD controller with a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang type cluster adaptive training controller. The fuzzy membership functions of the PI-PD controller are tuned online using a simplex search algorithm to minimize time response, while the cluster adaptive training controller is tuned offline and online using gradient descent to enhance stability and disturbance rejection. Simulation results showed the proposed integrated controller improved output accuracy, significantly reduced response time, and increased robustness of indoor conditions control for MIMO HVAC systems.
The document discusses the development of an optimal green room management system to conserve energy by taking advantage of the thermal inertia effect where a room's temperature does not immediately rise or fall after heating/cooling is turned off. It proposes collecting indoor/outdoor temperature and electricity usage data using a wireless sensor network to build energy-temperature correlation models for each room and develop room scheduling algorithms to maximize energy savings. Experimental validation of the system using an actual sensor network deployment showed potential for 30% energy savings compared to existing room scheduling practices.
Financial Evaluation of Solar Powered Absorption Cooling System for Computer ...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates the financial feasibility of a solar powered absorption cooling system for a computer laboratory in Bharatpur, India. It finds that:
1. The system is technically feasible, achieving a solar fraction of 0.52-0.75 depending on the collector area. However,
2. Financially, the system is currently not feasible due to the high initial costs of absorption chillers and solar collectors. It provides only marginal annual savings, resulting in very high payback periods of 67-83 years.
3. A sensitivity analysis found that with reduced total investment costs (e.g. due to technology improvements) and increased electricity prices in the future, the payback period could decrease significantly
This document discusses the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis of a solar flat plate collector. It begins by introducing solar collectors and their importance. It then describes the objectives of performing CFD simulation on a flat plate collector to better understand flow and temperature distribution. The document outlines the 3D model created in ANSYS Workbench and simulation performed in ANSYS FLUENT. It validates the CFD results by comparing the outlet air temperature to experimental results, showing good agreement. The overall goal is to analyze the collector's heat transfer capability using CFD and gain insights that are difficult to obtain through experimentation alone.
IRJET- Experimental Model Design and Simulation of Air Conditioning System fo...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on modeling and simulating an air conditioning system to reduce energy consumption. The study designed and tested an air conditioning model using MATLAB simulation. Parameters like room dimensions, material properties, and temperature were used to model heat transfer. Experimental tests were conducted in a room to validate the simulation results. Temperature and energy consumption were monitored and found to match closely between the model and experiment. The study concluded the simulated model results are consistent with experimental measuring device results.
Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Energy Efficient Materials for Resid...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of conventional and energy efficient materials for residential buildings in hot, dry climates. Three case studies of homes in Solapur, India were analyzed, measuring indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity. The home using conventional materials like brick walls and RCC slab had higher indoor temperatures than outdoor. The energy efficient homes using materials like AAC blocks, filler slab, and passive cooling strategies like cool roof and landscaping had lower indoor temperatures. Overall, the energy efficient materials and designs were more effective at providing thermal comfort without mechanical cooling. The study concludes energy efficient buildings can reduce energy consumption and improve indoor environmental conditions compared to conventional designs.
Optimization of energy use intensity in a design build frameworkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An Optimization Model for A Proposed Trigeneration System IJERA Editor
This document proposes an optimization model for a trigeneration system at a university campus. The trigeneration system would provide electricity, heating, and cooling and use both renewable and non-renewable energy sources. The proposed system includes a power generation unit, waste heat recovery system, absorption chiller, electrical chiller, photovoltaic systems, and thermal collector. The optimization model is formulated as a linear program to minimize total system costs over a one-year period under constraints of meeting energy demands and not exceeding the capacities of system components. The objective is to determine the optimal operation of the trigeneration system components to satisfy the university's electricity, heating, and cooling loads at lowest cost.
Proper ventilation in one of the primary requirements of any domestic or commercial buildings. The conventional method employs usage of air conditioning or air cooling systems which requires high power consumption. The solar driven ventilation systems can be used in buildings which doesn’t require any external power. The current research reviews various researches conducted in improving system of passive ventilation along use of phase change material as energy storage system. Passive design of buildings does not use the electrical and mechanical systems in providing comfortable indoor environment. Prem Shankar Sahu | Praveen Kumar | Ajay Singh Paikra "Review on Solar Chimney Ventilation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42427.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/42427/review-on-solar-chimney-ventilation/prem-shankar-sahu
This article is divided into three parts: the first presents a simulation study of the effect of occupancy level on energy usage pattern of Engineering building of Applied Science Private university, Amman, Jordan. The simulation was created on simulation mechanism by means of EnergyPlus software and improved by using the building’s data such as building’s as built plan, occupant’s density level based on data about who utilize the building throughout operational hours, energy usage level, Heating Ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system, lighting and its control systems and etc. Data regarding occupancy density level estimation is used to provide the proposed controller with random number of users grounded on report were arranged by the university’s facilities operational team. The other division of this paper shows the estimated saved energy by the means of suggested advanced add-on, FUZZY-PID controlling system. The energy savings were divided into summer savings and winter savings. The third division presents economic and environmental analysis of the proposed advanced fuzzy logic controllers of smart buildings in Subtropical Jordan. The economic parameters that were used to evaluate the system economy performance are life-cycle analysis, present worth factor and system payback period. The system economic analysis was done using MATLAB software.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document summarizes a study on using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model and analyze the heat transfer performance of ceramic heat exchangers with different duct cross-sectional shapes (rectangular, elliptical, cylindrical). CFD was used to calculate parameters like temperature distribution, velocity distribution, heat transfer rate, and effectiveness. The predicted heat transfer rate from CFD analysis was found to be 15% higher than theoretical calculations. Analysis showed that cylindrical ducts had the highest effectiveness at 62%, followed by elliptical at 55% and rectangular at 52%. The document also provides background on the need to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions, and discusses objectives, assumptions, and modeling steps of the CFD analysis.
Similar to OPTIMIZING THE GREENHOUSE MICRO-CLIMATE MANAGEMENT BY THE INTRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USING FUZZY LOGIC (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
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2. Optimizing The Greenhouse Micro–Climate Management by The Introduction of Artificial
Intelligence Using Fuzzy Logic
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 79 editor@iaeme.com
greenhouses, where enforcement remains timid. it is from this fact, we
undertake research work in this area and conduct a simulation based on
meteorological data through MATLAB Simulink to finally analyze the thermal
behavior - greenhouse microclimate energy.
General Terms: Fuzzy Controller, Greenhouse Climate Model, Temperature
Key words: Greenhouse, Microclimate, Modeling, Fuzzy Controller,
Optimization, Solar Energy, Energy saving, Climate Model, Greenhouse
effect, Temperature.
Cite this Article: Didi Faouzi, Nacereddine Bibi Triki and Ali Chermitti,
Optimizing The Greenhouse Micro–Climate Management by The Introduction
of Artificial Intelligence Using Fuzzy Logic, International Journal of
Computer Engineering and Technology, 7(3), 2016, pp. 78–92.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/issues.asp?JType=IJCET&VType=7&IType=3
1. INTRODUCTION
Increased demand and requirement of fresh products consumers throughout the year,
led parallelly to a rapid development of agricultural greenhouse, which is today
modern and quite sophisticated.
Agricultural greenhouse aims to create a favorable microclimate to the
requirements of the plant, necessary for its growth and development, from the
surrounding weather conditions. it produces based cropping calendars, off-season
products, cheap and widely available along the year. [8]
It is defined by its structural and functional architecture, the optical quality,
thermal and mechanical coverage and the accompanying technical means. it is
considered as a very confined environment where many components are exchanged
between them, and in which the main factor involved in this medium is light,
temperature and relative humidity [7-9]. to manage the greenhouse microclimate,
greenhouse growers often use methods such as passive static ventilation (opening),
shade screens, evaporative cooling etc ... and occasionally the active type. these
methods are less expensive but more difficult to manage and optimize [11-14].
The first objective is to improve the thermal capacity of the greenhouse
(greenhouse).
This is, to characterize the behavior of the complex system that is the greenhouse
with its various compartments (ground, culture, cover, indoor and outdoor
environment). To develop non-stationary mathematical models usable for simulation,
optimization and the establishment of laws and control of simple and effective
regulation.
These models must reproduce the essential properties of the mechanisms and
interactions between different compartments. they must be both specific enough to
obey the dynamic and real behavior of the greenhouse system, and fairly small to be
easily adaptable to the phases of the simulation.
Good modulation instructions depending on the requirements of the plants to grow
under shelter and outdoor climatic conditions, result in a more rational and efficient
use of inputs and equip the best production performance. The greenhouse climate is
modified by artificial actuators, thus providing the best conditions in the immediate
environment of energy costs and it requires a controller, which minimizes the power
3. Didi Faouzi, Nacereddine Bibi Triki and Ali Chermitti
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 80 editor@iaeme.com
consumption while keeping the state variables as close as possible optimal harvest.
[16]
In this paper, or using fuzzy logic which is a powerful way to optimize and
facilitate the global management of modern greenhouse, while providing through
simulation interesting and encouraging which results in an optimization of favorable
state variable values for the growth and development of protected cultivation [10-12-
13].
2. MODELING THE GREENHOUSE
This article deals with the modeling and simulation of our greenhouse model which is
based on the method of GUESS. [1]
GUESS is a model set in parameter block, meaning that spatial heterogeneity is
ignored and it is assumed that the inner content and the flow through the system
boundary are evenly distributed. .
The conservation equations are used to model the rate of system status change.
For a warm greenhouse these state variables would be the indoor temperature, relative
humidity, air pressure and CO2 concentration.
For the plant state variables are the water content, the body temperature, dry weight
or biomass, and internally sheet CO2.
A complete equation for the transport of some scalar quantity through a control
volume is as following:
(1)
C: The heat capacity (J / m3
. k)
V: System Volume (m3
)
Φ: is a quantity describing the state of the system (W/ m2
)
dx: Material thickness (m)
A: The flow boundary surface (control surface) (m2
)
Fint, Fout: Internal and external flux (W / m2
)
2.1. Modeling the climate of the greenhouse systems
2.2.1. Cooling Pad Model
In a greenhouse, evaporative cooling devices are used to reduce the temperature when
the fan can not reach appropriate levels for optimal plant growth. In equipped
greenhouses, cooling evaporation is the second part of the unrealized gain. Most
evaporative cooling methods can be modeled as adiabatic cooling process; the
minimum temperature and the achievable maximum vapor pressure is equal to the wet
bulb.
The effectiveness of the typical tablet is about 85%. The heat loss rate depends on
the fan speed.
4. Optimizing The Greenhouse Micro–Climate Management by The Introduction of Artificial
Intelligence Using Fuzzy Logic
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: Pad efficiency
: The difference between the outside temperature and wet bulb (K)
: Specific heat (J/kg.k )
: Density (kg /m3
)
: fan speed (m/s)
2.2.2. Model of fogging system
The flow of steam and heat are determined through Ohm's Law and is as following:
(5)
(6)
: Is the heat transfer between the nebulizer and the air of agricultural greenhouse (W/m2
)
K : Global coefficient of heat transmission (W/m2
.k)
:Saturation pressure (Pascale)
: Pression de l'air ambiant (pascale)
: Thermal conductivity (W/m2
.k)
2.2.3. Evaluation Model of the wall temperature
The wall temperature evaluation model [8], closest to reality is determined based
on the average temperatures and
(7)
The indoor and outdoor temperatures and are:
(8)
The temperature evaluation model of wall will be expressed:
Where:
: Dry Air temperature Inside / Outside (K)
:Coefficient of superficial exchanges at the inter wall, of the outer wall (W/m2
.k)
5. Didi Faouzi, Nacereddine Bibi Triki and Ali Chermitti
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: Quotient de BIBI(.)
This report dimensionless is used in evaluating the wall temperature, it is
now called the quotient of BIBI, it is the ratio of the difference of surface thermal
exchange by conduction, convection and radiation occurring at the level of the
greenhouse coverage.
2.2.4. Heating system
The heat produced per unit of fuel is modeled as:
...
(9)
: Sensible heat load of a condensing water heater (J), LHV : is lower heating
value (KJ/kg) ,
Φ : is the fuel air , 36/16 : is the weight ratio of the produced steam to supply the burner ,
: is the temperature of the exhaust gas (k) and r is the return ratio.
2.3. Energy balance of the greenhouse.
The analytical energy balance equation of the greenhouse:
Stored energy change = Gain from internal sources+ Gain from the sun - Losses
due to conduction through the cover - Losses due to long wave radiation - Unrealized
losses (evaporation) - Losses due to the exchange of air .
air ,
d in
dt
+ ..
+
_ (10)
....
6. Optimizing The Greenhouse Micro–Climate Management by The Introduction of Artificial
Intelligence Using Fuzzy Logic
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: Indicates the report saturated with the relative humidity in the sub-model of combustion
(Kg steam / kg air)
: Is the heat provided by the heating system (W)
: Heat transfer coefficient inside and outside by convection (W/m2
.k)
2.4. The mass transfer in the greenhouse
The mass balance for moisture in the greenhouse can be written as following :(eq :
11)
: The speed of air infiltration (m/s)
: The total volume of agricultural greenhouse (m3
)
: Is the indoor and outdoor humidity (KJ / kg)
: Ventilation rate (m3
air / s)
And for the humidity balance:
Rates of change in absolute humidity = Infiltration + Ventilation * (humidity difference with
the outside) + Misting + Cooling + AND - Condensation.
the status of humidity function is: (eq : 12)
: The amount of heat provided by
evapotranspiration (W)
Mass balance for CO2 is : (eq : 13)
7. Didi Faouzi, Nacereddine Bibi Triki and Ali Chermitti
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CO2 Mass Balance in molar units (ppm or μmol CO2 per mol air). ζ is the number of moles of
carbon per mole of fuel
: Ventilation rate (m3
air/s)
: The amount of heat supplied by photosynthesis (W)
2.6. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a complex process. CO2 fixation and subsequent conversion into
carbohydrates are not a single reaction, but a series of steps, the Calvin cycle (see
diagram below). [2]
Figure 1 Schematic Calvin cycle. The reaction at the apex (CO2 fixation and RuBP) is
catalyzed by the enzyme Rubisco. this reaction ordered carbon assimilation rates, and that is
modeled by Farquhar. al. equations. Source: Cellupedia, "Calvin cycle
According to Farquhar model , the CO2 compensation model is:
(14)
Farquhar model with Γ, CO2 compensation point
: Internal CO2 concentration (ppm)
8. Optimizing The Greenhouse Micro–Climate Management by The Introduction of Artificial
Intelligence Using Fuzzy Logic
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2.8. Plant state of water balance
(15)
In the model of GUESS, we assume that the soil is well watered, so that the
physiological effects of the state of water should be minimal, except in stomata.
: the potential of water
: Is the capacity of the plant (mole*m2
)
E : Is evapotranspiration.
: The root surface ( m2
)
: The growth rate
2.8. Stomatal conductance and balance CO2
The rate of photosynthesis in the Farquhar model depends on the internal
concentration of CO2.
To determine the concentration of CO2, a mass balance is performed on the sheet.
-
(16)
According to GUESS the plant stomatal equation of is:
Ball-Berry modified model used in GUESS (eq :17)
:Is stomatal conductance in units of (mole.s-1
.m-2.
)
2.9. Plants Energy Balances
Equation for the temperature of a Leaf (eq :18)
3. FUZZY CONTROLLER MODELING
Fuzzy logic is widely used in the machine control. The term "fuzzy" refers to the fact
that the logic can deal with concepts that can not be expressed as the "true" or "false"
but rather as "partially true". [15] While alternative approaches such as genetic
algorithms and neural networks can perform just as well as fuzzy logic in many cases,
fuzzy logic has the advantage that the solution can be cast in terms that human
operators can understand, so that their experience can be used in the design of the
control device. This makes it easier to mechanize the tasks have already been
performed successfully by man [3]
3.2. Fuzzy inference method MAMDANI
Fuzzy inference Mamdani type, as defined for Toolbox fuzzy logic, expects the output
membership functions to be fuzzy sets. After the aggregation process, there is a fuzzy
set for each output variable to defuzzification. It is possible, and in some cases much
more efficient to use a single peak as output membership function, rather than a
9. Didi Faouzi, Nacereddine Bibi Triki and Ali Chermitti
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distributed fuzzy set. This is sometimes known as singleton output membership
function, and we can think like a fuzzy set of pre defuzzification. It improves the
efficiency of defuzzification because it greatly simplifies the calculation required by
the more general method Mamdani which has the center of gravity of a two-
dimensional function. [4-5]
To calculate the output of the SIF in view of inputs, six steps should be followed :
The determination of a set of fuzzy rules.
Fuzzification inputs using the input membership functions.
By combining Fuzzificaion entries according to the fuzzy rules to establish a
resistance to the rule.
Find the consequence of rule by combining the resistance to the rule and the output
membership function.
By combining the consequences to get a distribution outlet.
Defuzzification the output distribution.
3.3. Fuzzy sets
Please use a 9-point Times Roman font, or other Roman font with serifs, as close as
possible in appearance to Times Roman in which these guidelines have been set. The
goal is to have a 9-point text, as you see here. Please use sans-serif or non-
proportional fonts only for special purposes, such as distinguishing source code text.
If Times Roman is not available, try the font named Computer Modern Roman. On a
Macintosh, use the font named Times. Right margins should be justified, not ragged.
The input variables in a fuzzy control system are generally mapped by sets of
membership functions similar to it, called "fuzzy set". The process of converting a
crisp input value to a fuzzy value is called "fuzzy logic". A control system may also
have different types of switch, or "ON-OFF", inputs and analog inputs and during
switching inputs will always be a truth value of 1 or 0, but the system can handle as
simplified fuzzy functions happen to be one value or another. Given "mappings" of
input variables membership functions and truth values, the microcontroller then
makes decisions for action on the basis of a set of "rules" .
3.3.1. Membership functions
10. Optimizing The Greenhouse Micro–Climate Management by The Introduction of Artificial
Intelligence Using Fuzzy Logic
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Figure 2 Representation rules of membership
3.3.2 Rules of decisions
If (Ti is TVCOLD) then (FOG1FAN1 is OFF)(FOG2FAN2 is OFF)(FOG3FAN3 is
OFF)(NV is OFF)(Heater1 is ON)(Heater2 is ON)(Heater3 is ON) (1)
If (Ti is TCOLD) then (FOG1FAN1 is OFF)(FOG2FAN2 is OFF)(FOG3FAN3 is
OFF)(NV is OFF)(Heater1 is ON)(Heater2 is ON)(Heater3 is OFF) (1)
If (Ti is TCOOL) then (FOG1FAN1 is OFF)(FOG2FAN2 is OFF)(FOG3FAN3 is
OFF)(NV is OFF)(Heater1 is ON)(Heater2 is OFF)(Heater3 is OFF) (1)
If (Ti is TSH) then (FOG1FAN1 is OFF)(FOG2FAN2 is OFF)(FOG3FAN3 is
OFF)(NV is ON)(Heater1 is OFF)(Heater2 is OFF)(Heater3 is OFF) (1)
If (Ti is TH) then (FOG1FAN1 is ON)(FOG2FAN2 is OFF)(FOG3FAN3 is
OFF)(NV is OFF)(Heater1 is OFF)(Heater2 is OFF)(Heater3 is OFF) (1)
If (Ti is TVH) then (FOG1FAN1 is ON)(FOG2FAN2 is ON)(FOG3FAN3 is
OFF)(NV is OFF)(Heater1 is OFF)(Heater2 is OFF)(Heater3 is OFF) (1)
If (Ti is TEH) then (FOG1FAN1 is ON)(FOG2FAN2 is ON)(FOG3FAN3 is ON)(NV
is OFF)(Heater1 is OFF)(Heater2 is OFF)(Heater3 is OFF) (1)
4. SIMULATION AND MODEL VALIDATION
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possible in appearance to Times Roman in which these guidelines have been set. The
goal is to have a 9-point text, as you see here. Please use sans-serif or non-
proportional fonts only for special purposes, such as distinguishing source code text.
If Times Roman is not available, try the font named Computer Modern Roman. On a
Macintosh, use the font named Times. Right margins should be justified, not ragged.
Our model is based on the greenhouse GUESS model that is set for a multi
greenhouse chapel which each module is 8.5 m wide, 34 m deep and ridge height of
4.5 m . Infiltration rate is 1.1 air changes per hour, and a U value of 5.76 W / m2
.K
was used. The model of the plant was set for Douglas seedling plants were started at
0.57 g dry weight, and harvested 1.67 g dry weight; a new growing season was
recorded at harvest.
A set of hourly data for 2015 (1 January to 31 December) weather station of Dar
El Beida Algeria [6], was used to validate our model as a CSV file that consists of
four columns (global solar radiation, temperature, humidity and wind speed).
11. Didi Faouzi, Nacereddine Bibi Triki and Ali Chermitti
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 88 editor@iaeme.com
The model of the greenhouse was coded using the full version of Windows
MATLAB R2012b (8.0.0.783), 64bit (win64) with Simulink. The simulation was
performed on a Toshiba laptop. The laptop is equipped with a hard drive 700 GB and
5 GB of RAM. Simulink model of the parties were made in "Accelerator" mode that
has first generated a compact representation of Code C of the diagram, then compiled
and executed.
4.1. Greenhouse global Model
Figure 3 Simulink representation of the global greenhouse climate model
12. Optimizing The Greenhouse Micro–Climate Management by The Introduction of Artificial
Intelligence Using Fuzzy Logic
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4.2. Fuzzy logic controller simulation model of the greenhouse
Figure 4 Simulink representation of the fuzzy logic controller model
5 RESULTS
The simulation results clearly visualize the actual thermo-energy behavior of
agricultural greenhouse, applying the model of artificial intelligence, namely the
application of fuzzy logic
13. Didi Faouzi, Nacereddine Bibi Triki and Ali Chermitti
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10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
x 10
4
Indoor Temperature Distribution
Temp. (C°)
freq.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
0
10
20
30
40
Temperatures
Day
Temp.(C)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Figure 5 Histogram shows the distribution of indoor temperature
Figure 6 The evolution of humidity and temperature (interior / exterior)
It is found that most of the internal temperature values are in the range 14 ° C to
22 ° C for autumn winter period and in the range 20 ° C to 26 ° C for the spring
summer period in a large variation the temperature during the winter period is autumn
due the heat loss at night, the compensation is insufficient by heating and expensive
for this improved thermal insulation of the cover wall is necessary.
The improvement of the thermal isolation of the cover may be carried out in
practice by the addition of an air bubble plastic layer assembled to
the face interior of wall.
14. Optimizing The Greenhouse Micro–Climate Management by The Introduction of Artificial
Intelligence Using Fuzzy Logic
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During the period spring summer the temperature is within the desired range.
The relative humidity is almost in the interval desired during all the year except at
the few days of half of the summer because of the important vaporization used for the
compensation of the temperature
Figure 1 is the height in cm, Figure 4 is the cumulative number of growing season, Figure 3 is
the total biomass (dry weight), and Figure 2 is the rod diameter in mm
The speed of growth of the mass of the plant is normal for most of the year except
in the end of autumn and beginning of winter because of the temperature drops at
night and we discussed this problem and its correction previously.
5. CONCLUSION
However, our objective is achieved to the extent that it has been shown through
modeling and control by the use of fuzzy logic, this area is very difficult because it is
a multi control variables which the greenhouse is a biophysical system where
parameters are highly correlated as shown by the results. this technique of fuzzy logic
that has been adapted to the greenhouse to a promising future for the climate control
and management of the greenhouse. for greenhouse growers, it is a preferred approach
for structuring and knowledge aggregation and as a means of identification of gaps in
the understanding of mechanisms and interactions that occur in the system -
greenhouse.
Fuzzy logic is a branch of artificial intelligence, which must point out its
advantages and disadvantages. its use has led to quite satisfactory results of the
control and regulation perspective.
We remain optimistic in the near future, as to the operation of artificial
intelligence, including the use of fuzzy logic which indicates:
For the control and regulation of the greenhouse microclimate.
By the conservation of energy.
For the efficiency of energy use in the greenhouses operation.
For improved productivity of crops under greenhouses.
In a significant reduction of human intervention.
Plant growth caracteristics
15. Didi Faouzi, Nacereddine Bibi Triki and Ali Chermitti
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[1] https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/3437
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[4] S.D. Dhamakale and S.B. Patil , Fuzzy Logic Approach with Microcontroller for
Climate Controlling in Green House, International Journal on Emerging
Technologies 2(1): 17–19(2011)
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_control_syste
[6] http://www.wunderground.com/cgibin/findweather/getForecast?qery²
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[8] S. Bendimerad, T. Mahdjoub, N. Bibi-Triki, M.Z Bessenouci, B. Draoui, H.
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of Thermal Parameters of the Low Inertia Polyethylene Wall of Greenhouses.
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[9] B. Draoui , f. Bounaama, t. Boulard, n. Bibi-triki In-situ Modelization of a
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