I will describe those things in this PPT
Introduction
Principles of air-conditioning,
Type of-of air-conditioning,
Cooling cycle / refrigeration cycle,
The coolant,
thanks
I will describe those things in this PPT
Introduction
Principles of air-conditioning,
Type of-of air-conditioning,
Cooling cycle / refrigeration cycle,
The coolant,
thanks
HVAC is typically responsible for around 40% of the energy consumption in a building. Frequently, this is the largest energy consuming type of equipment on a site and can therefore provide significant scope for saving energy and money. This fact sheet covers common types of HVAC and will guide you in the right direction to identify energy efficient HVAC initiatives.
What is meant by “Airconditioning”?
Human Comfort
Why do we need A.C.?
Advantages and Disadvantage of A.C.
Ideal room temperature
some terminology-
Dry-bulb temperature
Wet-bulb temperature:
Dew point
Latent heat
Absolute humidity
Relative humidity
Specific humidity
Sensible heat
Evaporating Cooling
Condensation
Enthalpy
Entropy
7. Classification of air conditioners
8. Windows AC- advantages
Parts of the Window Air Conditioners
Working
The refrigeration system,
Air circulation system-room air cycle and
The hot air cycle.
Ventilation system,
Control system,
electrical protection system.
9.Split or Ductless AC-
Advantages, parts indoor and outdoor,
Types-
Wall mounted
Floor mounted/Tower AC
Ceiling mounted/Cassette AC
Multi Split ACs
10. Central Air Conditioning System
Advantages and disadvantages
11. Key differences between "Window", "Split" and a "cassette" air conditioners.
12. Cooling capacity
13. Energy Efficiency
14.Energy Consumption
15.Energy Efficiency Ratio
16.Energy Saving Methods
17.Some AC brands
To design any air-conditioning unit, estimation of heating or cooling load is very important. It helps us in design different devices most importantly the humidifier (in case of winter) or de-humidifier (in case of summer).
Air compressors:- One of the important device used to compress air at high pressure.
The presentation contains a detailed information about air compressors, classification of air compressors, reciprocating air compressors, rotary type, multistage/ single stage compressors. advantages and lastly application/ uses of air compressors.
Hope You like the presentation.
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning System ComponentsAjaypalsinh Barad
The ppt contains detailed study of all the components used in refrigeration and air conditioning system with neat sketches and description. It is well formed as per the syllabus of GTU
HVAC is typically responsible for around 40% of the energy consumption in a building. Frequently, this is the largest energy consuming type of equipment on a site and can therefore provide significant scope for saving energy and money. This fact sheet covers common types of HVAC and will guide you in the right direction to identify energy efficient HVAC initiatives.
What is meant by “Airconditioning”?
Human Comfort
Why do we need A.C.?
Advantages and Disadvantage of A.C.
Ideal room temperature
some terminology-
Dry-bulb temperature
Wet-bulb temperature:
Dew point
Latent heat
Absolute humidity
Relative humidity
Specific humidity
Sensible heat
Evaporating Cooling
Condensation
Enthalpy
Entropy
7. Classification of air conditioners
8. Windows AC- advantages
Parts of the Window Air Conditioners
Working
The refrigeration system,
Air circulation system-room air cycle and
The hot air cycle.
Ventilation system,
Control system,
electrical protection system.
9.Split or Ductless AC-
Advantages, parts indoor and outdoor,
Types-
Wall mounted
Floor mounted/Tower AC
Ceiling mounted/Cassette AC
Multi Split ACs
10. Central Air Conditioning System
Advantages and disadvantages
11. Key differences between "Window", "Split" and a "cassette" air conditioners.
12. Cooling capacity
13. Energy Efficiency
14.Energy Consumption
15.Energy Efficiency Ratio
16.Energy Saving Methods
17.Some AC brands
To design any air-conditioning unit, estimation of heating or cooling load is very important. It helps us in design different devices most importantly the humidifier (in case of winter) or de-humidifier (in case of summer).
Air compressors:- One of the important device used to compress air at high pressure.
The presentation contains a detailed information about air compressors, classification of air compressors, reciprocating air compressors, rotary type, multistage/ single stage compressors. advantages and lastly application/ uses of air compressors.
Hope You like the presentation.
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning System ComponentsAjaypalsinh Barad
The ppt contains detailed study of all the components used in refrigeration and air conditioning system with neat sketches and description. It is well formed as per the syllabus of GTU
The ppt contains detailed study of refrigerants used in refrigeration and air conditioning system with description. It is well formed as per the syllabus of GTU.
The ppt contains detailed study of Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System with neat sketches and description. It is well formed as per the syllabus of GTU
HVAC SYSTEMs.pptx_Ventilation is the process of changing or replacing air in ...Rajeshwari867960
VENTILATION
NATURAL VENTILATION
FACTORS AFFECTING NATURAL VENTILATION
Natural Ventilation Design Strategies
Types of natural ventilation
Stack Effect
COURTYARD EFFECT
PASSIVE COOLING TECHNIQUES
Roof Pond
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
TYPES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS
NATURAL INLET & MECH. EXTRACT
MECHANICAL INLET & NATURAL EXTRACT
Plenum System
TYPES OF PLENUM SYSTEM
NEED OF AIR CONDITIONING.
SYSTEMS OF AIR CONDITIONING
Its the detailed process of the Centralized Air conditioning system. It is the apt notes required for architecture students. It has the components and sub topics with the detailed explanation of the mechanism of how it works
An AC system is not only cools the room, that system do many things to make our life comfortable. It removes dust and dirt and fill with fresh air
Air condition system makes our life very comfortable.
We can protect hot or cold weather by air conditioning system
Air conditioning participles, air conditioning systems, heat pumps and heat recovery devices, health considerations and AC related illnesses.
Intruder alarms and lightning protection units
SHIP REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
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Ship refrigeration system
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Ship refrigeration systems play a vital part on ships carrying refrigerated cargo and victuals for the crew or passengers. Refrigeration prevents any damage to the cargo or decay of perishable foods, like growth of micro-organisms, oxidation, fermentation and drying out of cargo. The temperature of the sometimes sensitive cargo is controlled by the ship’s refrigeration plant. As the main purpose of vessels carrying refrigerated cargo is to ensure the cargo is transported in good and healthy condition, it is of uttermost importance that the refrigeration system works perfectly at all times.
HOW DOES A SHIP REFRIGERATION SYSTEM WORK
A refrigeration system needs to remove heat from an enclosed region. This is achieved via the refrigeration cycle, which consists of five components:
The refrigerant;
The compressor;
The condenser;
The evaporator;
The expansion device.
The refrigerant starts as a gas and is compressed in the compressor, which increases its temperature dramatically. Thereafter, the condenser cools the hot high pressure refrigerant and this way the refrigerant turns into a liquid. Next, the evaporator boils the refrigerant back to a gas, at a very low temperature. The change from liquid to gas absorbs the heat from the evaporator, which in turn removes the heat from the area to be cooled, thereby lowering its temperature. Hereafter, the refrigerant is returned back to the compressor and the refrigeration cycle starts again.
INFLUENCE OF THE EUROPEAN F-GAS REGULATION ON REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Many refrigeration systems now use R22 as a refrigerant. R22 is one of the ozone depleting HFCs that may not be applied anymore in new systems as of 2004, and, starting 2015, refrigeration operations like refilling with HFCs aren’t allowed anymore either. This means that as long as the systems works, there is nothing to worry about. In case of defects, the consequences depend on the type of refrigerant. To bypass this problem, we have been researching alternatives for R22. We have come to the conclusion that the best substitute would be Propane (R290). Propane has very similar thermodynamic behavior to R22 and it is a natural refrigerant. By using R290 as a refrigerant, the environmental impact is reduced, because R290 has no ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential), a very low GWP (Global Warming Potential) and an assumed equal energy efficiency to R22. Propane is a flammable refrigerant though, and therefore cautious handling of the refrigerant is required. The most important safety concern is toensure that in case of a leakage the refrigerant doesn’t ignite. Therefore, the solution developed by Heinen & Hopman is to place the cooling system inside a casing, so when a leakage occurs, the possible explosive atmosphere is located inside the casing. By using an ATEX fan, the casing can be ventilated so that the mixture of gas and air can be discharged outside the ship which is useful in
The file contains all details of the Feedwater used and the treatment applied on it before using in the Thermal power plant. This is the part of the subject Power Plant Engineering in GTU in 7th semester.
Condenser and Cooling Tower Power Plant EngineeringAjaypalsinh Barad
The file contains all details of the Condenser and Cooling Tower systems or Thermal power plant. This is the part of the subject Power Plant Engineering in GTU in 7th semester.
Hydraulic Pump Motors and Actuators - Oil Hydraulic and PneumaticAjaypalsinh Barad
The file contains all details of Hydraulic pump motors and actuators. This is the part of the subject Oil Hydraulic and Pneumatic in GTU in 7th semester.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Coverage
• Introduction
• Classification
• System components
• All air systems
• All water systems
• Air water systems
• Room air conditioners
• Packaged air conditioning plant
• Central air conditioning systems
• Split air conditioning systems
2
3. Introduction:
• The air conditioning is defined as “ The process of
treating air in an indoor environment (room or space)
to establish and maintain required standards of
temperature, humidity, cleanliness and motion of air .”
3
4. Introduction:
The complete process of air conditioning includes
following processes:
• Cooling or heating the air as per requirement of
temperature
• Addition of moisture in air (Humidification) or removal of
moisture from air (Dehumidification).
• Controlling movement of air (air motion)
• Purification of air (cleaning or filtering)
• Addition of fresh air from outside (ventilation)
• Distribution of air
4
5. Classification of Air Conditioning System:
• Based on way of air cooling:
– Direct cooling system
– Indirect cooling system
• Based on major function
– Comfort air conditioning system
– Industrial air conditioning system
• Based on season of year
– Winter air conditioning system
– Summer air conditioning system
– Year round air conditioning system
5
6. Classification of Air Conditioning System:
• Based on arrangement of equipments
– Unitary air conditioning system
• Window air conditioner
• Split air conditioner
• Package air conditioner
– Central ail - conditioning system
• All air system
• All water (hydronic) system
• Air-water system
– Zoned system
6
7. Air conditioning system components:
• An air conditioning system is an assembly of different
parts of the system used to produce a specified condition
of air within a required space or building.
• Air conditioning system has following components:
– Cooling source
– Heating element
– Control system
– Distribution system
– Fans
– Filter
– Grille
– Tray
7
9. Limitation of window air conditioner:
• It produces noise in the room because of compressor
is very near to the room.
• The evaporator and condenser is enclosed in single
unit. Therefore evaporator cannot be used as an
interior of room because condenser requires outside
air for cooling.
• It requires appropriate size of window or hole in wall
in order to fit the conditioner.
Room (Window) air conditioners:
9
10. • First part: Includes the evaporator, filter, evaporator
fan and grille. They placed inside the room.
• Second part: Includes condenser, fan, and compressor.
This placed outside the room.
Split Air Conditioner:
10
11. • First part: Includes the evaporator, filter, evaporator
fan and grille. They placed inside the room.
• Second part: Includes condenser, fan, and compressor.
This placed outside the room.
Split Air Conditioner:
11
12. Advantages of Split AC over Window AC:
• The compressor is outside of the room, therefore no
compressor noise, and vibration in the room or space
to be conditioned.
• No window opening and fixing needed.
• The first part can be located in the room with
decorative display. It can be mounted on floor, ceiling,
and wall or behind a decorative structure.
Split Air Conditioner:
12
14. The Advantages of unit:
• It is fully factory made and hence proper selection and
balance of components is possible.
• All the manufacturing and testing processes like assembly,
leak testing, processing and charging carried out under
factory conditions.
• Inspection and testing of the complete unit before it leaves
the factory. Hence, better quality is maintained.
• Delivery of unit to the site with full assembly and in
working order, hence avoiding site delays for materials.
• Fully assembled unit requires less time for installation and
hence minimum of inconvenience and cost.
Package Air Conditioning System:
14
15. • It is fully
Summer air conditioning system:
15
16. • It is fully
Winter air conditioning system:
16
17. • It is fully
Year round air conditioning system:
17
18. The system may be classified as follows:
• All air system
• All water system
• Air water system
Central air conditioning system
18
23. Advantages:
• Possible to use a wide variety of air filters and avoid
noise in the conditioned space.
• Complete absence of drain pipes, electrical wiring, and
filters at the conditioned space.
• In case of dual duct systems, it is possible to provide
simultaneous cooling and heating.
• Seasonal change over is very simple and easy to
automate.
• Very flexible heating and cooling can occur in different
zones simultaneously
All air system
23
24. Disadvantages:
• It requires more space, reduces the available floor
space.
• Due to space constraints it may be difficult to provide
air conditioning in high rise buildings with the plant on
the ground floor or basement.
• Due to the space requirement retrofitting may not
always be possible.
• Balancing of air may be difficult in case of large and
particularly with variable air volume systems.
All air system
24
27. Advantages:
• The plant size is small due to the absence of large
supply air fans.
• It is easier to retrofit to existing buildings.
• The thermal distribution system requires very less
space compared to all air systems.
• In case of four pipe system, simultaneous cooling and
heating is possible.
• Solar or waste heat can be utilized for winter heating.
All Water system
27
28. Disadvantages:
• It requires higher maintenance compared to all air
system.
• The filters are small, low in efficiency and require
frequent replacement.
• The ventilation depends on wind and hence, it is
difficult to ensure positive ventilation under all
circumstances when ventilation is provided by opening
windows or wall apertures.
• Control of humidity, particularly during summer is
difficult using chi lied water control valves.
All Water system
28
31. Advantages:
• Rooms can be individually controlled at relatively low cost,
which control either the secondary water flow rate or the
secondary air (in fan coil units) or both.
• The amount of primary air supplied is less than that of an
all air systems therefore, space requirement is reduced.
• There is no latent heat transfer is required in the cooling
coil placed in the conditioned space, and its life thereby
increases.
• Terminal units in case of induction unit does not have fans,
motors, or compressors and hence service of indoor units is
relatively simpler compared to all water systems.
Air - Water system
31
32. Disadvantages:
• Need for handling and controlling both air and water,
operation and control are complicated.
• The water coils in the conditioned space can become dirty if
the quality of filters used in the room units is not good.
• Initial cost could be high compared to all air systems.
• Shutting down the supply of primary air to unoccupied
spaces is not possible because constant amount of primary
air is supplied to conditioned space, and room control is
only through the control of room cooling / heating coils.
Air - Water system
32