Solar Or Waste Heat Absorption Cooling System
DRAMATIC INCREASE OF AIR CONDITIONING SINCE THE EARLY 80’S
• COST OF ENERGY
• ISSUES RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
DUE TO ENERGY PRODUCTION
DUE TO THE USE OF CFC’S AND HCFC’S
• MATCHES DEMAND WITH SOURCE AVAILABILITY
• CRUCIAL FOR IMPROVING LIFE STANDARDS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
Process of converting solar thermal energy (heat) into conditioned air.
Eco-friendly as well as Energy-efficient.
Can be operated with green resources of heat as backup resources when solar radiation is unavailable
“SEMINAR REPORT ON SOLAR ASSISTED VAPOUR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM”Bhagvat Wadekar
SUMMARY
The range of COP for the Solar VAdRS is 0.2 - 0.7. The development of adsorption system for refrigeration is promising. An overall thermodynamics-based comparison of sorption systems shows that the performance of adsorption systems depends highly on both the adsorption pairs and processes. The technology continues to develop and the cost of producing power with solar thermal adsorption refrigeration is falling. If the costs of fossil fuels, transportation, energy conversion, electricity transmission and system maintenance are taken into account, the cost of energy produced by solar thermal adsorption systems would be much lower than that for conventional refrigeration systems.
The intermittent system has its simplicity and cost effectiveness. However, the main disadvantages such as long adsorption/desorption time have become obstacles for commercial production of the system. Hence, to compete with conventional vapor compression technologies, more efforts should be made in enhancing the COP and SCP. The environmental benefits of this technology and its non-dependence on conventional energy sources makes it highly attractive for further developments and a potential alternative to conventional systems in the future. The future of solar refrigeration and air conditioning seems to be a very good proposition and no doubt will find its place in future industrial applications. The major limiting factor at present is the shape of energy so as to make it available whenever it is required, for example at nights and extended cloudy days when we cannot attain a high enough temperature.
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
Process of converting solar thermal energy (heat) into conditioned air.
Eco-friendly as well as Energy-efficient.
Can be operated with green resources of heat as backup resources when solar radiation is unavailable
“SEMINAR REPORT ON SOLAR ASSISTED VAPOUR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM”Bhagvat Wadekar
SUMMARY
The range of COP for the Solar VAdRS is 0.2 - 0.7. The development of adsorption system for refrigeration is promising. An overall thermodynamics-based comparison of sorption systems shows that the performance of adsorption systems depends highly on both the adsorption pairs and processes. The technology continues to develop and the cost of producing power with solar thermal adsorption refrigeration is falling. If the costs of fossil fuels, transportation, energy conversion, electricity transmission and system maintenance are taken into account, the cost of energy produced by solar thermal adsorption systems would be much lower than that for conventional refrigeration systems.
The intermittent system has its simplicity and cost effectiveness. However, the main disadvantages such as long adsorption/desorption time have become obstacles for commercial production of the system. Hence, to compete with conventional vapor compression technologies, more efforts should be made in enhancing the COP and SCP. The environmental benefits of this technology and its non-dependence on conventional energy sources makes it highly attractive for further developments and a potential alternative to conventional systems in the future. The future of solar refrigeration and air conditioning seems to be a very good proposition and no doubt will find its place in future industrial applications. The major limiting factor at present is the shape of energy so as to make it available whenever it is required, for example at nights and extended cloudy days when we cannot attain a high enough temperature.
SOLAR POWER VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMaj12345ay
USE OF SOLAR POWER IN REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
The power incident from the sun to the earth has very much amount of energy that the present consumption rate of all the commercial and general uses. We utilize only 0.1% of total incident sun energy on the surface of earth. Thus solar energy can fulfill our present as well as future needs of energy. That is a reason it called renewable sources of energy. It is also environmental clean source of energy and available at whole part of world where people live. Using of solar energy in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning system it become very economical.
In our project we provide solar heat in generator for heating purpose of vapor compression refrigeration system.
For past few decades, energy has played a prominent role in the development of technology and economy. Energy has now become inevitable factor for production as well. The objective of this project is to develop an environment friendly vapour absorption system. Vapour absorption system uses heat energy, instead of mechanical energy as in vapour compression system, in order to change the condition of refrigerant required for the operation of the cycle. R 717(NH3) and water are used as working fluids in this system. The basic idea of this project is derived from the solar heating panel to obtain heat energy, instead of using any conventional source of heat energy. In this project various observations are done by varying operating conditions related to heat source, condenser, absorber and evaporator temperatures. The drawback of this system is that, it remains idle in the cloudy weather conditions.
COMPONENTS USED IN SOLAR POWERED AQUA-AMMONIA VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM
• ABSORBER
• PUMP
• HEAT EXCHANGER
• GENERATOR
• SOLAR PANEL
• CONDENSER
• EXPANSION VALVE
• EVAPORATOR
• DC BATTERY
• FAN
introduction of VARS,refrigrants properties,cop,practical VARS ,
Simple VARS,advantages of VARS,comparison of vars with vcrs,Refrences of VARS,Refrigration cycles,economical system,absorbent properties
Drying is an important unit operation in food processing which aids in preservationthrough the lowering of water activity of the product by evaporation of water. Using a solar dryer is comparatively cheaper and more efficient. Some solar dryersrun
without electrical grid power or fossil fuels. Various kinds of solar dryers that are widely used today. The indirect direct and mixed mode dryers that have shown potential in drying agricultural products in the tropical and subtropical countries are discussed. Aside from identifying the active and passive mode solar dryers, we also high light the environmental influence on solar energy (harnessing) that plays a vital role in the solar drying sector and related technologies that can help improve existingsolar dryers.
• Design and fabrication of a Vapor absorption Refrigeration using solar energy.Nagaraja D Shenoy
The use of solar energy to power refrigeration with replacing the compression cycle with vapor absorption cycle strives to minimize the negative impacts refrigerators have on the environment and energy. Replacing the electrical energy with solar energy will reduce the consumption of high grade electrical energy. Ammonia being an environmentally friendly gas reduces the effect of ozone layer depletion and global warming by artificial refrigerants. This project deals with a model solar thermal refrigeration system using NH3-H2O vapor absorption system
Design and Fabrication of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System [Libr-H20]IJMER
Most of the energies are utilized by the industries due to depletion of fossil fuels and
increasing the fuel price to exploit the maximum presented energy from the waste heat source. The
industry which utilizes steam turbine exhaust carries a considerable amount of thermal energy. This
energy can be set in to positive use as a heat source for vapour absorption system to serves as cooling
system. This paper illustrates the thermal and fiscal advantages of using single effect lithium bromide
water absorption by means of waste heat. The objective of this work is to hypothetical design of lithium
bromide water absorption Refrigeration system using waste heat from any industry steam turbine
exhaust
SOLAR POWER VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMaj12345ay
USE OF SOLAR POWER IN REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
The power incident from the sun to the earth has very much amount of energy that the present consumption rate of all the commercial and general uses. We utilize only 0.1% of total incident sun energy on the surface of earth. Thus solar energy can fulfill our present as well as future needs of energy. That is a reason it called renewable sources of energy. It is also environmental clean source of energy and available at whole part of world where people live. Using of solar energy in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning system it become very economical.
In our project we provide solar heat in generator for heating purpose of vapor compression refrigeration system.
For past few decades, energy has played a prominent role in the development of technology and economy. Energy has now become inevitable factor for production as well. The objective of this project is to develop an environment friendly vapour absorption system. Vapour absorption system uses heat energy, instead of mechanical energy as in vapour compression system, in order to change the condition of refrigerant required for the operation of the cycle. R 717(NH3) and water are used as working fluids in this system. The basic idea of this project is derived from the solar heating panel to obtain heat energy, instead of using any conventional source of heat energy. In this project various observations are done by varying operating conditions related to heat source, condenser, absorber and evaporator temperatures. The drawback of this system is that, it remains idle in the cloudy weather conditions.
COMPONENTS USED IN SOLAR POWERED AQUA-AMMONIA VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM
• ABSORBER
• PUMP
• HEAT EXCHANGER
• GENERATOR
• SOLAR PANEL
• CONDENSER
• EXPANSION VALVE
• EVAPORATOR
• DC BATTERY
• FAN
introduction of VARS,refrigrants properties,cop,practical VARS ,
Simple VARS,advantages of VARS,comparison of vars with vcrs,Refrences of VARS,Refrigration cycles,economical system,absorbent properties
Drying is an important unit operation in food processing which aids in preservationthrough the lowering of water activity of the product by evaporation of water. Using a solar dryer is comparatively cheaper and more efficient. Some solar dryersrun
without electrical grid power or fossil fuels. Various kinds of solar dryers that are widely used today. The indirect direct and mixed mode dryers that have shown potential in drying agricultural products in the tropical and subtropical countries are discussed. Aside from identifying the active and passive mode solar dryers, we also high light the environmental influence on solar energy (harnessing) that plays a vital role in the solar drying sector and related technologies that can help improve existingsolar dryers.
• Design and fabrication of a Vapor absorption Refrigeration using solar energy.Nagaraja D Shenoy
The use of solar energy to power refrigeration with replacing the compression cycle with vapor absorption cycle strives to minimize the negative impacts refrigerators have on the environment and energy. Replacing the electrical energy with solar energy will reduce the consumption of high grade electrical energy. Ammonia being an environmentally friendly gas reduces the effect of ozone layer depletion and global warming by artificial refrigerants. This project deals with a model solar thermal refrigeration system using NH3-H2O vapor absorption system
Design and Fabrication of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System [Libr-H20]IJMER
Most of the energies are utilized by the industries due to depletion of fossil fuels and
increasing the fuel price to exploit the maximum presented energy from the waste heat source. The
industry which utilizes steam turbine exhaust carries a considerable amount of thermal energy. This
energy can be set in to positive use as a heat source for vapour absorption system to serves as cooling
system. This paper illustrates the thermal and fiscal advantages of using single effect lithium bromide
water absorption by means of waste heat. The objective of this work is to hypothetical design of lithium
bromide water absorption Refrigeration system using waste heat from any industry steam turbine
exhaust
The ground source cooling system is about methods of using the ground in a heat pump to warm and cool a system close to the average surface temperature of a location. Ground source cooling system uses the earth or ground water or both as the source of heat in the winter and as the sink for the heat removed from the home in the summer. Heat is removed from the earth through a liquid, such as ground water or an antifreeze solution, upgrade by the heat pump & transfer to indoor air during summer month, the process is reversed & heat is extracted to the earth through the
ground water or antifreeze solution.
Drying is the oldest preservation technique of agricultural products and it is an energy intensive process. High prices and shortages of fossil fuels have increased the emphasis on using alternative renewable energy resources. Drying of agricultural products using renewable energy such as solar energy is environmental friendly and has less environmental impact.
A complete overview of the anaesthetic vapourizers.Presentation covers everything from oldest to newest vapouriosers.material gathered from authentic standard anaesthesia textbooks.Everything discussed with Head Of the Department
This gives the full specification and working of a generator in a 500 MW power plant in which you will get a clear idea about how a generator works in a power plant.This was used in NTPC power plants all over INDIA according to their power generation capacity.
3 Things You Should Know About the Changing Refrigeration ClimateAllison Banko
This webinar provides the latest information regarding the regulatory changes and the potential impacts to food manufacturers and distributors. It also focuses on emerging technologies which meet the new guidelines and are innovative for cooling and freezing applications.
Thermo Acoustic refrigeration is a phenomenon that uses high intensity sound waves in a pressurized gas tube to pump heat from one place to other to produce refrigeration effect. This system completely eliminates the need for lubricants and results in 40% less energy consumption.
HOSPITAL
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment..
Hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, by health organizations (for profit or nonprofit), health insurance companies, or charities, including direct charitable donations.
Historically, hospitals were often founded and funded by religious orders or charitable individuals and leaders.
Today, hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, and nurses, whereas in the past, this work was usually performed by the founding religious orders or by volunteers.
Hospitals vary widely in the services they offer and therefore, in the departments (or "wards") they have. They may have acute services such as an emergency department or specialist trauma centre, burn unit, surgery, or urgent care. These may then be backed up by more specialist units such as:
Emergency department
Cardiology
Intensive care unit
Pediatric intensive care unit
Neonatal intensive care unit
Cardiovascular intensive care unit
Neurology
Oncology
Obstetrics and gynecology
Adolescent medicine Allergy/Immunology Anesthesia
Cardiac Surgery
Center for Communication Enhancement Critical Care medicine
Dentistry
Dermatology
Division of Developmental medicine Division of Developmental medicine Emergency medicine
Endocrinology Gastroenterology/Nutrition.
General Pediatrics
Genetics
Gynecology
Infectious Diseases
Nephrology
Neurology
Neurosurgery
Newborn medicine
Ophthalmology
Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement Plastic and Oral Surgery Psychiatry
Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases
Radiology
Rheumatology
Ophthalmology
Surgery
Urology
Some hospitals will have outpatient departments and some will have chronic treatment units such as behavioral health services, dentistry, dermatology, ward, rehabilitation, and physical therapy.
Common support units include a dispensary or pharmacy, pathology, and radiology, and on the non-medical side, there often are medical records departments, release of information departments, Information Management (IM)(aka IT or IS), Clinical Engineering (aka Biomed), Facilities Management, Plant Ops (aka Maintenance), Dining Services, and Security departments
Housing is a basic human requirement of any civilised society. With the growth of urbanisation, cities have been expanding alarmingly in the last few decades, which has resulted in haphazard growth of urban areas as well as acute housing shortage.
Housing and Urban Planning Department was established to ensure planned development of urban areas and create an enabling environment to provide affordable housing.
UAPVP launched many schemes available for different segments of the society including EWS, LIG, MIG, BPL and HIG categories.
UPAVP the development agency of Uttar Pradesh know as Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad is going to implement the government housing mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
About 20,000 houses will be constructed in the state.
On the construction of housing units, the UPAVP will spend about Rs. 3,000 Crore and the implementation work will be started once it get the approval from the government.
The comprehensive plan for Fiscal year 2017-18 has been prepared by the agency and the houses units in these projects will be constructed under UP government Vrindavan & Awadh Vihar Yojana.
Under PMAY UP, about 2,000 houses have been registered by the government and creating further plan for the scheme, the UPAVP is planning to open the registrations for additional 3,000 houses.
UAPVP launched many schemes available for different segments of the society including EWS, LIG, MIG, BPL and HIG categories.
UPAVP the development agency of Uttar Pradesh know as Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad is going to implement the government housing mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
About 20,000 houses will be constructed in the state.
On the construction of housing units, the UPAVP will spend about Rs. 3,000 Crore and the implementation work will be started once it get the approval from the government.
The comprehensive plan for Fiscal year 2017-18 has been prepared by the agency and the houses units in these projects will be constructed under UP government Vrindavan & Awadh Vihar Yojana.
Under PMAY UP, about 2,000 houses have been registered by the government and creating further plan for the scheme, the UPAVP is planning to open the registrations for additional 3,000 houses.
UAPVP launched many schemes available for different segments of the society including EWS, LIG, MIG, BPL and HIG categories.
UPAVP the development agency of Uttar Pradesh know as Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad is going to implement the government housing mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
About 20,000 houses will be constructed in the state.
On the construction of housing units, the UPAVP will spend about Rs. 3,000 Crore and the implementation work will be started once it get the approval from the government.
The comprehensive plan for Fiscal year 2017-18 has been prepared by the agency and the houses units in these projects will be constructed under UP government Vrindavan & Awadh Vihar Yojana.
Under PMAY UP, about 2,000 houses have been registered by the government and creating further plan for the scheme, the UPAVP is planning to open the registrations for additional 3,000 houses.
UAPVP launched many schemes available for different segments of the society including EWS, LIG, MIG, BPL and HIG categories.
UPAVP the development agency of Uttar Pradesh know as Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad is going to implement the government housing mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
About 20,000 houses will be constructed in the state.
On the construction of housing units, the UPAVP will spend about Rs. 3,000 Crore and the implementation work will be started once it get the approval from the government.
The comprehensive plan for Fiscal year 2017-18 has been prepared by the agency and the houses units in these projects will be constructed under UP government Vrindavan & Awadh Vihar Yojana.
Under PMAY UP, about 2,000 houses have been registered by the government and creating further plan for the scheme, the UPAVP is planning to open the registrations for additional 3,000 houses.
Housing is one of the basic necessities of life and the right to housing and adequate shelter is guaranteed in the Directive Principles of State Policy enshrined in the Constitution of India.
The rapid pace of urbanisation in India has resulted in severe shortage of housing and basic services like potable water, well laid out drainage system, sewerage network, sanitation facilities, electricity, roads and appropriate disposal of solid waste.
AREA OF SCHEME MINIMUM 5 ACRE, MAXIMUM 100 ACRES.
MINIMUM 60% AREA SHALL BE USED FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING & CARPET AREA OF DWELLING UNIT SHALL NOT EXCEED 75 SQM.
40% AREA MAY BE UTILIZED FOR HIG, COMMERCIAL, INSTITUTIONAL,
RECREATIONAL & COMMUNITY FACILITIES.
MINIMUM 20% HOUSES SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR EWS & UG AGAINST HIG UNITS BUT NOT COMPULSARY IN AN EXCLUSIVE AFFORDABLE HOUSING SCHEME.
CEILING COST OF AFFORDABLE HOUSE IN NCR-RS.3000 PER SQ. FT., METRO CITIES-RS.2800 PER SQ.FT. & TOWNS-RS.2500 PER SQ.FT. ON SUPER BUILD UP AREA (TO BE REVISED BASED ON COST INDEX)
Green architecture defines an understanding of environment-friendly architecture under all classifications, and contains some universal consent, It may have many of these characteristics:
x Ventilation systems designed for efficient heating and cooling
x Energy-efficient lighting and appliances
x Water-saving plumbing fixtures
x Landscapes planned to maximize passive solar energy
x Minimal harm to the natural habitat
x Alternate power sources such as solar power or wind power
x Non-synthetic, non-toxic materials
x Locally-obtained woods and stone
x Responsibly-harvested woods
x Adaptive reuse of older buildings
x Use of recycled architectural salvage
x Efficient use of space1.Interaction
The relationships between construction site and architecture, green space and architecture, and also with people and form are emphasized here.
2.Form
With the new design thinking and process, concern for sustainable needs and computer aided technology, the form of architecture, or the use of building envelops may be redefined in the digital-green environment.
3.Construction:
With the aid of computer technology and 3D modelling techniques
Housing is a basic human requirement of any civilised society. With the growth of urbanisation, cities have been expanding alarmingly in the last few decades, which has resulted in haphazard growth of urban areas as well as acute housing shortage.
Housing and Urban Planning Department was established to ensure planned development of urban areas and create an enabling environment to provide affordable housing.
India needs about 19 million low-cost homes - roughly defined as costing a million rupees ($16,700) and below - to shelter an urban population expected to nearly double to 600 million by 2030 from 2011.
Samajwadi Awas Yojana is one the most popular and affordable government scheme which is launched for urban areas for full filling the needs of Houses in very affordable price for different categories of Uttar pradesh.
Uttar pradesh government initiated this samajwadi avas yojana by the help of Public private partnership. Chief Minister of uttar pradesh has already given there approval regarding the Samajwadi Avas Vikas Yojana.
Environment has positive
effects on human behaviour.
The Environment we live in
provides us all the natural
resources necessary for human
survival for instance-food,
minerals, water, land ,air etc.
amount of energy used is equal to amount of renewable energy created on the site
reduce carbon emissions & reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Buildings that produce a surplus of energy over the year are called “Energy Surplus Buildings”
During the last 20 years more than 200 reputable projects claiming net zero energy balance have been realized all over the world.
NZEB buildings consequently contribute less overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE buildings. They do at times consume non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas production elsewhere by the same amount. Traditional buildings consume 40% of the total fossil fuel energy in all over the world and are significant contributors of greenhouse gases.
More from Hamzah Meraj, Faculty of Architecture, Jamia Millia Islamia, New delhi (20)
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
1. Solar Or Waste Heat
Absorption Cooling System
CONTEMPORARY
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : ASHUTOSH
SINGH AND AFRIN FATIMA
GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 01
2. WHY :
• DRAMATIC INCREASE OF AIR CONDITIONING SINCE THE EARLY 80’S
• COST OF ENERGY
• ISSUES RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
DUE TO ENERGY PRODUCTION
DUE TO THE USE OF CFC’S AND HCFC’S
• MATCHES DEMAND WITH SOURCE AVAILABILITY
• CRUCIAL FOR IMPROVING LIFE STANDARDS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
CONTEMPORARY
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : ASHUTOSH SINGH GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 02
3. HOW CAN WE PROFIT FROM WASTE HEAT:
SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
CONTEMPORARY
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : AFRIN FATIMA GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 03
REDUCING UTILITY
INVESTMENTS
INCREASING PRODUCTION
TRANSFORMING ENERGY
SAVING FUEL GENERATING ELECTRICITY
REDUCING COOLING NEEDSSELLING HEAT AND
ELECTRICITY
REDUCING GREENHOUSE
GAS EMISSIONS
4. TYPES OF SOLAR COOLING:
THERE ARE DIFFERENT POSSIBILITIES TO ACHIEVE SOLAR COOLING.
• BY GENERATING ELECTRICITY AND OPERATING A COMPRESSOR OR
• BY USING THE SOLAR HEAT DIRECTLY TO OPERATE A HEAT-DRIVEN COOLING CYCLE.
DIFFERENT POSSIBILITIES TO ACHIEVE SOLAR COOLING.
SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
CONTEMPORARY
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : AFRIN FATIMA GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 04
5. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING PROCESS :
SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
CONTEMPORARY
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : AFRIN FATIMA GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 05
GENERATED HEAT IS USED IN ADDITION WITH E.G. ABSORPTION AIR CONDITIONER TO
PROVIDE COOLING.
SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS INTEGRATED ON
ROOFS OF THE BUILDINGS
PROVIDE THERMAL ENERGY BY CONCENTRATING
THE SUN’S ENERGY ON PLATE COLLECTORS
HEATING THE HEAT TRANSFER FLUID WITHIN THE
SYSTEM.
6. DEVICE THAT ALLOWS HEAT FROM A FLUID
(A LIQUID OR A GAS) TO PASS TO A SECOND
FLUID (LIQUID OR GAS) WITHOUT THE TWO
FLUIDS HAVING TO MIX TOGETHER OR
COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT.
TYPES:
HEAT EXCHANGER:
IN POWER PLANTS OR ENGINES, EXHAUST GASES
OFTEN CONTAIN HEAT THAT'S HEADING USELESSLY
AWAY INTO THE OPEN AIR. THAT'S A WASTE OF
ENERGY AND SOMETHING A HEAT EXCHANGER CAN
CERTAINLY REDUCE.
SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
CONTEMPORARY
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : AFRIN FATIMA GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 06
HOW HEAT IS TRAPPED :
7. TWO DIFFERENT FLUIDS ARE USED:
• A REFRIGERANT (WATER)
•AN ABSORBENT (LITHIUM BROMIDE OR AMMONIA)
SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
CONTEMPORARY
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : AFRIN FATIMA GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 07
CONSISTS OF :
EVAPORATOR
ABSORBER
HIGH PRESSURE GENERATOR
CONDENSER
WORKS ON 3 BASIC PRINCIPLES:
• WHEN A LIQUID IS HEATED IT BOILS (VAPORIZES) AND WHEN A GAS IS COOLED IT CONDENSES
• LOWERING THE PRESSURE ABOVE A LIQUID REDUCES ITS BOILING POINT
• HEAT FLOWS FROM WARMER TO COOLER SURFACES.
ABSORPTION COOLING:
IS A THERMALLY DRIVEN REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
POWERED BY SOLAR ENERGY AS WELL AS WASTE HEAT.
8. 3 PHASES OF ABSORPTION COOLING CYCLE :
EVAPORATION:
THE REFRIGERANT IS EVAPORATED AT A LOW PRESSURE
AND LOW TEMPERATURE IN THE EVAPORATOR.
ABSORPTION:
THE NOW GASEOUS REFRIGERANT IS ABSORBED BY
ANOTHER LIQUID (E.G. A SALT SOLUTION).
REGENERATION:
THE CHARGED REFRIGERANT IS REGENERATED BY HEATING
UP THE ADSORBER.
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TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : AFRIN FATIMA GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 08
10. HOW DO THE CHILLERS WORK :
• WATER IS USED AS A REFRIGERENT.
• THE REFRIGERANT IS EVAPORATED AT A LOW PRESSURE
AND LOW TEMPERATURE IN THE EVAPORATOR.
SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
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TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : ASHUTOSH SINGH GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 10
EVAPORATOR
11. HOW DO THE CHILLERS WORK :
• LITHIUM BROMIDE (LIBr) HAS THE PROPERTY TO ABSORB WATER (REFRIGERANT)
DUE TO ITS CHEMICAL AFFINITY.
SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
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TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : ASHUTOSH SINGH GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 11
THE VAPORISED REFRIGERANT IS ADSORBED IN THE PORES OF THE ADSORBENT IN
THE REACTION CHAMBER.
ABSORBER
12. HOW DO THE CHILLERS WORK :
• DILUTED LIBr LOSES ITS CAPACITY TO ABSORB WATER VAPOUR.
• NEEDS TO BE RE-CONCENTRATED USING A HEAT SOURCE.
• HEATING MAY BE IN THE FORM OF STEAM / FLUE GASES / HOT WATER /FUEL
FIRING.
SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
CONTEMPORARY
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : ASHUTOSH SINGH GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 12
GENERATOR
13. HOW DO THE CHILLERS WORK :
• THE HEATING CAUSES THE SOLUTION TO RELEASE THE ABSORBED REFRIGERANT IN THE
FORM OF VAPOUR.
• THIS VAPOUR IS COOLED IN A SEPARATE CHAMBER TO BECOME LIQUID REFRIGERANT.
SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
CONTEMPORARY
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : ASHUTOSH SINGH GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 13
14. TYPES :
INDIRECT FIREDDIRECT FIRED
SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
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TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : AFRIN FATIMA GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 14
15. HYBRID SYSTEMS
Hybrid systems capture the best of both gas
and electric usage by installing an absorption
system in parallel with an electric vapor
compression system.
SINGLE EFFECT DOUBLE EFFECT
TRIPLE-EFFECT
SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
CONTEMPORARY
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : AFRIN FATIMA GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 15
HEAT SOURCE TEMPERATURE ABOVE 80 °C
COP 0.6 TO 0.8.
TEMPERATURE OF ABOVE 140 °C
COP UP TO 1.2
16. ADVANTAGES OF ABSORPTION CHILLERS :
• ULTRA LOW ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
• ZERO OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL
• NO DANGEROUS CHEMICALS
• NO NOISE
• EASE OF MAINTENANCE
• WIDE TEMPERATURE RANGES ALLOWED
SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
CONTEMPORARY
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : ASHUTOSH SINGH GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 16
17. SOLARORWASTEHEATCOOLINGSYSTEM
CONTEMPORARY
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : ASHUTOSH SINGH GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 17
SOLAR ENERGY CENTER HARYANA :
• SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING DEMONSTRATION
SYSTEM.
• DEVELOPED BY THERMAX
• 100 KW COOLING CAPACITY
• INTEGRATED TRIPPLE EFFECT VAPOUR ABSORPTION
CHILLER AND SOLAR PARABOLIC CONCENTRATORS.
THE 868,000 SQ. FT. FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY
COMMISSION (FERC) OFFICE BUILDING, WHICH
OPENED IN 1995, HAS OFFICE SPACE, A HEALTH CLUB
AND A 200 SEAT RESTAURANT.
A 1,000 TON DIRECT FIRED ABSORPTION CHILLER WAS
PUT INTO A HYBRID PLANT WITH AN ELECTRIC
CHILLER TO COOL THE FACILITY.
THE ESTIMATED SAVINGS ARE APPROXIMATELY
$40,000 TO $50,000 PER YEAR OR ABOUT 3% TO 5%
OF ANNUAL UTILITY COSTS.
FERC OFFICE BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C.
18. A CHILLER MODEL BY THERMAX, NEWLY DEVELOPED FOR SMALL CAPACITIES, ENABLES REDUCED
CHILLING POWER.
AT A HEAT SOURCE TEMPERATURE OF 65 °C
COP OF APPROXIMATELY 0.7
USES SOLAR HEAT SOURCE
NEW MEDIUM-SIZE AND SMALL-SIZE DEVELOPMENTS HAVE BEEN DESIGNED RECENTLY BY EUROPEAN
AND ASIAN MANUFACTURERS, CONVENIENT TO COVER THE COOLING LOADS FOR SMALL AREAS SUCH
AS FROM 200 M² TO 500 M².
INNOVATIONS:
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TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : ASHUTOSH SINGH GUIDED BY : AR. FIROZ ANWAR SLIDE NO : 18