The document discusses key events and concepts related to the Cold War, including: 1) The emergence of the US and USSR as rival superpowers following World War 2 led to ideological and geopolitical tensions between capitalism and communism. 2) This resulted in an arms race, proxy wars, and the formation of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact. 3) Major flashpoints and events that heightened Cold War tensions included the Berlin Blockade, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War.

1. OR Nuke Japan Invade Japan

2. Nuclear weapons have only been used twice Was the USA forced to drop the bomb on Japan Or Were Hiroshima & Nagasaki the first shots of the Cold War?

3. When you’ve finished doing that begin preparing for the debate… that is: consider what each of the documents says; what are your most compelling arguments?

4. Your Tasks Today 2) Discuss your group’s perspective and debate strategy (What are you going to say?) 3) Homework: Explain whether or not YOU think the bombings were justified (give three reasons why or why not, use complete sentences)

5. Right now Get your arguments organized Get ready to verbally make those arguments You will have 2 minutes to make your opening statement Next group makes opening statement 1 minute each for rebuttal Each group will make a closing statement (no more than 2 minutes)

6. The Cold War

8. FEAR Fear was the motivation behind many decisions made during the cold war The West was afraid of communist USSR The USSR was afraid of the West

9. Why was Communism scary? “ the communist revolution will not merely be a national phenomenon but must take place simultaneously in all civilized countries “- Marx

10. “ (Communists) openly declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communistic revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win!” - Marx.

11. Why was the USSR afraid of the West? The USA, UK, & France had sent soldiers to Russia in 1917 to stop the Revolution Their “communist” revolution was not very successful The USSR had just lost tens of millions of people in the war and Stalin’s purges… they were not prepared to fight the USA & UK They were a paper tiger

17. Causes of the Cold War 1) Capitalism vs. Communism US & Great Britain don’t like or trust communist ideas such as the rejection of private property & religion. Soviets wanted to destroy capitalism & overthrow democratic governments in Europe. USSR afraid US & England would attack them (they had before) & that they would rebuild Germany & Germany would attack USSR again .

18. Capitalism vs. communism Karl Marx, wrote Communist Manifesto (no real founder) Adam Smith, wrote Wealth of Nations Founder Communism Capitalism

19. Desperate people, people who’ve never had very much . (lower classes, peasants) “ When you ‘aint got nothing, you’ve got nothing to lose” People seeking freedom, people who aren’t totally desperate (middle & upper class) Who does this appeal to?

20. Everything is owned by the government Government closely regulates the economy (sets prices, tells factories what to make, etc.) Government should not interfere with economy: laissez-faire View of Government

21. Government determines the job you get Religion is the “opiate of the masses” and should be done away with Sacrifice freedom for security People are free to choose their own careers Freedom of religion Freedom is more important than security Individual Freedoms

22. Capitalism will destroy itself Workers will eventually rise up in a violent revolution and take power The future of the world is communism Capitalism is the only efficient economic system “ It’s not perfect, but it’s the best we can do” On the future

23. The Cold War in Europe As WWII was ending, the Soviet army occupied all of Eastern Europe (except Yugoslavia) Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, & Albania became Soviet satellite countries The Iron Curtain

25. IRON CURTAIN

26. Soviet Threat in Europe; America Responds Fear of a Communist takeover of all of Europe led to The Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine: Encourage countries to resist Soviet Influence Containment: Do not allow communism to spread or expand to any more countries in the world.

27. Truman Doctrine in full effect 1) $400 million in aid to Greece & Turkey 2) The Marshall Plan : $12 billion in aid to help western European countries rebuild after the war

29. Germany After the war, the Allies divided up Germany into 4 zones Berlin

30. Berlin Airlift Berlin (capital of Germany, largest city) was in the Soviet Zone & the city itself was divided

31. Berlin Airlift Stalin blockaded West Berlin, trying to make the entire city part of East Germany. Truman ordered supplies to be airlifted to West Berlin. Stalin ended blockade, W. Berlin remained part of W. Germany.

32. Operation Vittles

33. Berlin Wall Many people in East Berlin were very poor and ruled by a dictator, so they fled to West Berlin The Soviet Government was embarrassed by this, so they built a wall around West Berlin.

35. Cold War Alliances NATO: USA UK France W. Germany Italy Greece Turkey Norway Warsaw Pact USSR Poland Czechoslovakia Hungary E. Germany Romania Bulgaria Albania

36. United Nations League of Nations…the Sequel Created in 1945 Settle arguments between countries Humanitarian Aid (UNICEF, etc.)

37. 1949… a scary year Soviets successfully test atomic bomb Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong take over. China becomes a communist country The West feels very threatened by International Communism

38. Superpowers The US & the Soviet Union are now the two most powerful countries on earth and they both have nuclear weapons They are the two superpowers

39. Communism in Asia Korea Japanese colony for decades Kim Il Sung very popular communist leader/resistance fighter After Japanese surrender, USA & USSR divided Korea at 38 th parallel. North Korea = communist South Korea = capitalist

41. The Korean War June, 1950: North Korean troops crossed 38 th parallel, and invaded the South South Korean Army defeated quickly UN sent military force to help South Korea at Truman’s request 16 countries involved, 80% of troops from USA

43. The War North Korean forces almost won right away. MacArthur lead daring landing at Incheon North Korea retreated, MacArthur pursued Chinese enter the war, beat back Americans Armistice ended fighting in 1953 Still technically at war, but no shooting Demilitarized Zone between two countries N. Korea still communist, S. Korea still capitalist

44. DMZ Fortifications

45. Panmunjeon Treaty Sight

46. Treaty Room

47. Door to North Korea That way to the PRK

48. “ Freedom” Bridge to North Korea

49. The DMZ

50. North Korean Tunnels of Aggression

52. North Korean Tunnels of Aggression

55. The U-2 Incident (how the Cold War almost ended early) The spy plane had been spying on the USSR since 1956. President Eisenhower knew that the USA had far more bombers, missiles, & weapons than the USSR. Because of this, Ike wanted to end the Cold War at a peace conference in Paris in 1960.

56. Shot Down! 1960: Francis Gary Powers was shot down flying a U-2 Spy plane over the USSR Eisenhower refused to apologize to Khrushchev, so Khrushchev (Soviet Premier) cancelled the Paris Summit. Whoops!

57. Africa & Asia Issue: After WWII many colonies began demanding and fighting for their independence

58. Cold War Conflict Chart After WWII many colonies began demanding and fighting for their independence Africa & Asia Superpower Actions Issue or Conflict Region or Country

59. Superpower Actions US grants independence to the Philippines In Africa the US and Soviet Union gave $ & weapons to opposing sides in many civil wars (Angola, Somalia, Ethiopia) Pakistan became an ally of the US, India stayed neutral, but took $ & weapons from the US & USSR

60. Cold War Conflict Chart US grants independence to the Philippines In Africa the US and Soviet Union gave $ & weapons to opposing sides in many civil wars (Angola, Somalia, Ethiopia) Pakistan became an ally of the US, India stayed neutral, but took $ & weapons from the US & USSR After WWII many colonies began demanding and fighting for their independence Africa & Asia Superpower Actions Issue or Conflict Region or Country

61. Cuba Issue: In 1959 Fidel Castro led a successful communist revolution in Cuba

62. Superpower Actions (part 1) The Bay of Pigs Invasion : The Soviet Union gave Cuba a lot of $ and support. The CIA trained a group of Cuban exiles to invade Cuba & overthrow their government. The invasion was a total failure.

63. Superpower Actions (part 2) The Cuban Missile Crisis: USSR begins building missile bases in Cuba. Nukes threatened the US. JFK warned that he would stop any Soviet boat carrying missiles to Cuba. The USSR backed off. The closest the world has ever come to total nuclear war

64. “ The Button”

66. Other Parts of Latin America Issue: Many parts of Latin America were desperately poor. They thought becoming communist countries might help stop their suffering

67. Superpower Actions US provides aid to many Latin American countries: US intervenes militarily to overthrow suspected communist leaders in Honduras, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Panama, Chile, Grenada, El Salvador

68. Arms Race By the 1950’s The US & USSR both had enough nuclear weapons to destroy each other several times over 1957 USSR launched 1 st ever satellite: Sputnik . “ Space Race” began, NASA is created Both countries develop rocket technology

69. Vietnam Vietnam was a French colony Vietnamese communists led by Ho Chi Minh (Uncle Ho) defeated the French in 1954 International Peace Conference temporarily divided Vietnam into 2 zones (not separate countries) North Vietnam (Communist) {USSR} South Vietnam (Capitalist) {USA}

70. Things go South in the South South Vietnam led by corrupt leader (Diem) By 1960 communist guerrillas (Viet Cong/Viet Minh) begin fighting in South Vietnam USA worried that Vietnam would become a communist country Domino Theory: when one country “falls” to communism, countries near it will fall to communism as well.

73. Burma

77. US Involvement During the 1950’s & 1960’s, both Presidents Eisenhower & Kennedy sent “military advisors” to Vietnam (1,000’s of US soldiers) 1964: Gulf of Tonkin Incident lead to US escalation in Vietnam. By 1968 there were over 50,000 American soldiers in Vietnam

78. Insurgent War American troops were fighting a difficult, insurgent war in the jungle They couldn’t tell friend from foe. Draft was instituted 1 st TV war led to decreasing popularity of draft & war at home Tet Offensive 1968 = turning point for the Viet Cong & North Vietnam

80. 1970: Nixon authorizes bombing Cambodia

81. The End of the War Longest, most unpopular war in US history US forces left Vietnam in 1975 Vietnam is now a communist country

82. Evacuation of Saigon 1975

83. Khmer Rouge Khmer Rouge : The Khmer Rouge were a group of communist guerillas, led by Pol Pot Gained control of Cambodia after the withdrawal of American troops from the Vietnam War . They initiated a reign of terror, killing over a million people to remove all western influence from the country. This gross violation of human rights ended when Vietnam invaded and occupied the country in 1979. In the 1990s, the United Nations negotiated a peace settlement, and began the democratic process in Cambodia

86. The End of the Cold War Beginning with the Nixon administration, the US pursued less hostile relations with the USSR ( Détente) The policy of détente led to agreements SALT I & SALT II: S trategic A rms L imitation T alks

87. End of the Cold War Building more and more weapons to keep up with the USA crippled the Soviet economy USSR collapsed in 1991 despite attempts by Gorbachev to make structural changes (glasnost & perestroika) By 1992, the Berlin wall had fallen, Eastern Europe became independent (satellites no more!) USA! USA! USA! USA! ...

88. Berlin Wall comes down 1989

89. You’re Welcome

90. Communism ends in Russia The Soviet Union breaks up

91. The Cold War Causes Effects

93. Your Assignment now: I have chosen the 22 most important events of the Cold War. Using your notes, your textbook (855-879), and the attached summary create a timeline of 20 events with your group. This is a 20 point assignment; you can only pick 20 events. I will award you points based on whether or not the events you choose match mine. Your timeline should be in chronological order PLEASE USE PENCIL!

94. On the back of your timeline, list and explain the top 10 events of the Cold War. Three sentences at least for each event