Intro judaism

Sumerian ReligionSumerian Religion

 Egyptian ReligionEgyptian Religion

Why is Judaism important?Why is Judaism important?
 What 2 major world religions are based onWhat 2 major world religions are based on
Judaism?Judaism?
 What made Judaism different from all otherWhat made Judaism different from all other
religions of the time?religions of the time?

I. Origins and History:I. Origins and History:
Judaism is the first monotheistic religionJudaism is the first monotheistic religion
Yahweh is the Hebrew name for God.Yahweh is the Hebrew name for God.
Hebrews , later called Jews, wereHebrews , later called Jews, were
nomads who lived in the Fertile Crescentnomads who lived in the Fertile Crescent
(the birthplace of monotheism)(the birthplace of monotheism)

Hebrews, also called the nation of Israel,Hebrews, also called the nation of Israel,
settled in Palestine (the Promised Land)settled in Palestine (the Promised Land)

In 930 BCE, the Kingdom splitIn 930 BCE, the Kingdom split
North was called IsraelNorth was called Israel
South was called JudahSouth was called Judah
Eventually Israel was invaded and theEventually Israel was invaded and the
Hebrews lived under foreign ruleHebrews lived under foreign rule

DiasporaDiaspora-- When the Jews were forcedWhen the Jews were forced
out of Palestine and were scatteredout of Palestine and were scattered
 They kept their identity, obeyedThey kept their identity, obeyed
Hebrew law, and influencedHebrew law, and influenced
Christianity and IslamChristianity and Islam

II. Beliefs:II. Beliefs:
MonotheismMonotheism- believe in one true God- believe in one true God
Chosen peopleChosen people- God made a- God made a covenantcovenant
(binding agreement)(binding agreement) with Abrahamwith Abraham

Sacred Text:Sacred Text:
 TorahTorah
-- First 5 books of theFirst 5 books of the
Old TestamentOld Testament
-- Tells the story of theTells the story of the
Hebrew peopleHebrew people

Ten CommandmentsTen Commandments--
laws that God gave to thelaws that God gave to the
Hebrews through MosesHebrews through Moses
 They explain religiousThey explain religious
duty to God and moralduty to God and moral
conductconduct

ProphetsProphets- spiritual leaders that interpreted- spiritual leaders that interpreted
God’s will and preachedGod’s will and preached ethicsethics (moral(moral
standards of living)standards of living)

III. Important FactsIII. Important Facts
Place of Worship:Place of Worship:
 Synagogue or TempleSynagogue or Temple

Today:Today:
Nation of Israel is JewishNation of Israel is Jewish
Neighbor country of Palestine is MuslimNeighbor country of Palestine is Muslim
 This has led to constant fighting overThis has led to constant fighting over
common holy places in Israelcommon holy places in Israel
(Ex. Jerusalem(Ex. Jerusalem))

The Temple Mount, Jerusalem
Today
Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing”Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing”
The Dome of the Rock

IV. Important Leaders:IV. Important Leaders:
AbrahamAbraham
 Patriarch or father of Judaism, made aPatriarch or father of Judaism, made a covenantcovenant
(binding agreement)(binding agreement) with Godwith God
ABRAHAM SARAHHAGAR
Isaac
EsauJacob
12 Tribes of
Ishmael
12 Arabian
Tribes
Abraham’s Geneaology

MosesMoses
adopted son of Egyptian pharaohadopted son of Egyptian pharaoh
led Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt to theled Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt to the
Promised Land (Canaan). Called thePromised Land (Canaan). Called the
Exodus.Exodus.
“Shepherd of His
People”

King DavidKing David
 united the empireunited the empire
 defeated the Philistine giant Goliathdefeated the Philistine giant Goliath

King SolomonKing Solomon
 David’s sonDavid’s son
 Made Jerusalem intoMade Jerusalem into
impressive capitalimpressive capital
(built temple and(built temple and
palace)palace)
 He was praised forHe was praised for
his wisdomhis wisdom

DeborahDeborah
 female judge who won honor and respectfemale judge who won honor and respect
 In Hebrew society, women wereIn Hebrew society, women were
subordinate (inferior) to men and couldsubordinate (inferior) to men and could
not participate in some religiousnot participate in some religious
ceremoniesceremonies

Interest DetailsInterest Details
 A Mitzvah (MITS-vuh)A Mitzvah (MITS-vuh) literally means
commandment.commandment. It is any of the 613ny of the 613
commandments that Jews are obligated tocommandments that Jews are obligated to
observe. It can also refer to any Jewish religiousobserve. It can also refer to any Jewish religious
obligation, or more generally to any good deed.obligation, or more generally to any good deed.
It’s plural is Mitzvot (mits-VOHT)Mitzvot (mits-VOHT)..

Why do Jews wears a yarmulke?Why do Jews wears a yarmulke?
 The most commonly known and recognized piece of Jewish garb is actuallyThe most commonly known and recognized piece of Jewish garb is actually
the one with the least religious significance. The word yarmulke (usually, butthe one with the least religious significance. The word yarmulke (usually, but
not really correctly, pronounced yammica) isnot really correctly, pronounced yammica) is YiddishYiddish. It comes from a Tartar. It comes from a Tartar
word meaning skullcap. According to someword meaning skullcap. According to some OrthodoxOrthodox rabbisrabbis, it comes from, it comes from
the Aramaic words "yerai malka" (fear of or respect for The King).the Aramaic words "yerai malka" (fear of or respect for The King).
 It is an ancient practice for Jews to cover their heads during prayer. ThisIt is an ancient practice for Jews to cover their heads during prayer. This
probably derives from the fact that in Eastern cultures, it is a sign of respectprobably derives from the fact that in Eastern cultures, it is a sign of respect
to cover the head (the custom in Western cultures is the opposite: it is a signto cover the head (the custom in Western cultures is the opposite: it is a sign
of respect to remove one's hat). Thus, by covering the head during prayer,of respect to remove one's hat). Thus, by covering the head during prayer,
one showed respect forone showed respect for GodGod. In addition, in ancient Rome, servants were. In addition, in ancient Rome, servants were
required to cover their heads while free men did not; thus, Jews covered theirrequired to cover their heads while free men did not; thus, Jews covered their
heads to show that they were servants of God. In medieval times, Jewsheads to show that they were servants of God. In medieval times, Jews
covered their heads as a reminder that God is always above them.covered their heads as a reminder that God is always above them.
 Whatever the reason given, however, covering the head has always beenWhatever the reason given, however, covering the head has always been
regarded more as aregarded more as a customcustom rather than arather than a commandmentcommandment..
 http://www.jewfaq.org/signs.htmhttp://www.jewfaq.org/signs.htm

Hasidic JewsHasidic Jews
OriginsOrigins
 Hasidic Jews are calledHasidic Jews are called HasidimHasidim in Hebrew. This word derivedin Hebrew. This word derived
from the Hebrew word for loving kindness. It focuses on thefrom the Hebrew word for loving kindness. It focuses on the
joyful observance of God’s commandments, heartfelt prayer andjoyful observance of God’s commandments, heartfelt prayer and
boundless love for God and the world He created.boundless love for God and the world He created.
 The movement originated in Eastern Europe in the 18th centuryThe movement originated in Eastern Europe in the 18th century
by Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer (1700-1760). As his following grew,by Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer (1700-1760). As his following grew,
he became known as the Baal Shem Tov (abbreviated as Besht)he became known as the Baal Shem Tov (abbreviated as Besht)
which means “Master of the Good Name”.which means “Master of the Good Name”.

Why do Hasidic men always wear aWhy do Hasidic men always wear a
hat?hat?
Religious male Jews (not just Hasidim) wear a hatReligious male Jews (not just Hasidim) wear a hat
to cover the head in respect for God. Coveringto cover the head in respect for God. Covering
the head reminds us that there is a Creator, athe head reminds us that there is a Creator, a
Higher Power, above our own limited minds.Higher Power, above our own limited minds.
Any head covering will do, but some people likeAny head covering will do, but some people like
a certain style of hat to identify their group.a certain style of hat to identify their group.
Others simply have personal preferences aboutOthers simply have personal preferences about
hats.hats.

Why do Hasidic Jews always wear black?Why do Hasidic Jews always wear black?
 Some Hasidic groups do have a uniform of sortsSome Hasidic groups do have a uniform of sorts
for the men, while others do not. Male Hasidicfor the men, while others do not. Male Hasidic
clothing does not have to be black, but is usually aclothing does not have to be black, but is usually a
dark, conservative color. The use of black clothingdark, conservative color. The use of black clothing
on Sabbaths and holy days traces back to a timeon Sabbaths and holy days traces back to a time
when black dye was rare and expensive, so blackwhen black dye was rare and expensive, so black
was reserved for formal occasions (the same aswas reserved for formal occasions (the same as
tuxedos and "black tie" events in the seculartuxedos and "black tie" events in the secular
world.) The Sabbath is a time for honoring Godworld.) The Sabbath is a time for honoring God
by dressing nicely (as you would in the presence ofby dressing nicely (as you would in the presence of
a king), so people wore their best black coats ona king), so people wore their best black coats on
the Sabbath.the Sabbath.

What is the significance of the untrimmed beards andWhat is the significance of the untrimmed beards and
sidecurls?sidecurls?
 TheThe payospayos (sidecurls, pronounced PAY-us) and beard are worn in(sidecurls, pronounced PAY-us) and beard are worn in
obedience to this commandment in the Torah (Bible):obedience to this commandment in the Torah (Bible):
You shall not round the corners of your heads, nor mar the edges ofYou shall not round the corners of your heads, nor mar the edges of
your beards. (Leviticus 19:27)your beards. (Leviticus 19:27)
 The "corners of the head" are the area above the ears. "Not rounding"The "corners of the head" are the area above the ears. "Not rounding"
them means not shaving the hair there, or cutting it very short.them means not shaving the hair there, or cutting it very short.
Together, both the curls and the untrimmed beard are a symbol ofTogether, both the curls and the untrimmed beard are a symbol of
obedience to the laws of God. Many Hasidic men also cut the rest ofobedience to the laws of God. Many Hasidic men also cut the rest of
the hair very short. This is not really required, but is more comfortablethe hair very short. This is not really required, but is more comfortable
under a hat. Also, some Hasidim see the entire haircut -- very short hairunder a hat. Also, some Hasidim see the entire haircut -- very short hair
with beard and payos -- as part of the "uniform" of their group.with beard and payos -- as part of the "uniform" of their group.
 Most men twist them while still wet. If you do this often enough, the hairMost men twist them while still wet. If you do this often enough, the hair
gets trained that way. A boy starts wearing payos at age three. Beforegets trained that way. A boy starts wearing payos at age three. Before
that, his hair is not cut at all, and is allowed to grow long. On his thirdthat, his hair is not cut at all, and is allowed to grow long. On his third
birthday, there is a special ceremony where the hair is cut short exceptbirthday, there is a special ceremony where the hair is cut short except
for the sidecurls.for the sidecurls.
 http://www.pinenet.com/~rooster/hasid2.html#HASID2-Q1http://www.pinenet.com/~rooster/hasid2.html#HASID2-Q1

St. Catherine’s Monastery
at Mount Sinai

Recreation of Ancient
Jerusalem

King Solomon’s Temple Floor
Plan
The First Temple

Inside the Temple Tabernacle
The Arc
of the
Covenant

Judaism Major EventsJudaism Major Events
timelinetimeline
2000 B.C.E.
– God
commands
Abraham to
move from Ur
to Canaan

timelinetimeline
2000 B.C.E.
– God
commands
Abraham to
move from Ur
to Canaan
1300 B.C.E.
– Moses
leads Exodus
of Jews from
Egypt

timelinetimeline
2000 B.C.E.
– God
commands
Abraham to
move from Ur
to Canaan
1300 B.C.E.
– Moses
leads Exodus
of Jews from
Egypt
You do the rest. Read
pages 75 & 76. Then
choose the 4 most
important events to
finish the timeline

Comparing Religions… use yourComparing Religions… use your
notes to create a chartnotes to create a chart
HinduismHinduism BuddhismBuddhism JudaismJudaism
Number of GodsNumber of Gods
Holy BooksHoly Books
Moral LawMoral Law
LeadersLeaders
Final GoalFinal Goal

Number of GodsNumber of Gods Many, all faces ofMany, all faces of
BrahmanBrahman
Holy BooksHoly Books
Moral LawMoral Law
LeadersLeaders

BrahmanBrahman
Holy BooksHoly Books Vedas,Vedas,
UpanishadsUpanishads
Moral LawMoral Law
LeadersLeaders

BrahmanBrahman
Moral LawMoral Law KarmaKarma
LeadersLeaders

BrahmanBrahman
LeadersLeaders BrahminsBrahmins

BrahmanBrahman
Final GoalFinal Goal MokshaMoksha

BrahmanBrahman
Originally, noneOriginally, none

BrahmanBrahman
Books on theBooks on the
teachings & lifeteachings & life
of the Buddhaof the Buddha

BrahmanBrahman
Moral LawMoral Law KarmaKarma Eightfold pathEightfold path

BrahmanBrahman
LeadersLeaders BrahminsBrahmins MonksMonks

BrahmanBrahman
Final GoalFinal Goal MokshaMoksha EnlightenmentEnlightenment

BrahmanBrahman
Originally, noneOriginally, none One God (1One God (1stst
monotheisticmonotheistic
religion)religion)

BrahmanBrahman
religion)religion)
Torah & TalmudTorah & Talmud

BrahmanBrahman
religion)religion)
Moral LawMoral Law KarmaKarma Eightfold pathEightfold path TenTen
CommandmentsCommandments

BrahmanBrahman
religion)religion)
LeadersLeaders BrahminsBrahmins MonksMonks Rabbis, judges,Rabbis, judges,
kings, prophetskings, prophets

BrahmanBrahman
religion)religion)
LeadersLeaders BrahminsBrahmins MonksMonks Rabbis, judges,Rabbis, judges,
kings, prophetskings, prophets
Final GoalFinal Goal MokshaMoksha EnlightenmentEnlightenment Moral life throughMoral life through
obedience to God’sobedience to God’s
lawlaw

Intro judaism

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Intro judaism