Global midterm review
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The document provides an overview of key concepts in social studies including: 1) Definitions of various social science fields like history, economics, geography, and their practitioners. 2) Distinctions between primary and secondary sources. 3) Concepts of cultural diffusion and ethnocentrism with examples. 4) Influences of geographic features on river valley civilizations and trade. 5) Characteristics of early civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River Valley.
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This document summarizes information from a textbook about early human societies during the Ice Age through China's Han dynasty. It discusses how early humans hunted reindeer and horses in Eurasia, left cave paintings, and had egalitarian societies. It also outlines the development of legalism and Confucianism in China, the rise of Zoroastrianism, and the creation of China's civil service under the Han dynasty. Finally, it notes the hard life of peasants in China and the Yellow Turban Rebellion.
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2. Ancient Greek traditions of city life perpetuated public roles for women as attendants, performers, sellers of food and other goods, and participants in festivals and ceremonies.
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Ancient greece and Rome ppt.
The document provides information about ancient Greece and Rome, including:
- The ancient Greeks and Romans made significant contributions to architecture, government, and sports that still influence society today.
- Key terms are defined, such as contribution, direct democracy, and representative democracy.
- Greece and Rome are compared on architecture (Greek columns vs. Roman aqueducts and colosseums) and forms of government (direct democracy in Greece vs. representative democracy in Rome).
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This document contains information about anthropology and Marxism. It defines anthropology as the study of humans, how and why we evolved, and how societies vary in different places and times. It discusses the four main fields of anthropology: biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, archaeology, and linguistics. The document also provides an overview of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' perspectives on historical materialism and the base and superstructure of societies. It describes the distinct economic phases of human history according to Marxism.
Greekexperiencemckaych5 140919141647-phpapp01
Greece's mountainous geography led to the development of independent city-states. Two major city-states were Athens, which established democracy, and Sparta, which had a militaristic society ruled by elite nobles. During the Classical period from 500-338 BCE, Athens and other city-states developed philosophy, drama, and architecture that have endured. Alexander the Great then conquered much of the known world and spread Greek culture, leading to a multicultural Hellenistic society across a vast trade network with advances in science, philosophy, and religion.
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1) Caesar Augustus was the first emperor of Rome from 27 B.C.E. until his death in 14 B.C.E. He restored republican origins while expanding the empire through conquests and reforming the taxation and infrastructure systems.
2) Confucius lived in China in the 6th century B.C.E. and focused on human relationships and ethics in government, though he never attained a political position. He emphasized education and moral betterment.
3) Daoism originated with Laozi and urged withdrawing from politics to align with nature, advocating simple, self-sufficient communities with limited government intervention.
Orientalism and Nationalism
Nationalism emerged in the 18th century with the French Enlightenment and American Revolution. It holds that humanity can be divided into separate nation states with their own rights and duties. While nationalism provided explanations for conflicts, it also became a mobilizing force for people. Orientalism refers to the academic study of Asia and the Middle East but was criticized by Edward Said for distorting alien societies by exaggerating differences, treating cultures as static essences, and separating societies from Western influences. Anthropologists have struggled with how to study nationalism and avoid the pitfalls of Orientalism while still making comparisons across cultures.
The Jesuit Relation
The document summarizes key points about the Jesuit Relations book, which describes the efforts of 17th century French Jesuits to convert Native American tribes to Catholicism. The Jesuits believed the natives worshipped the devil due to their ceremonies and village lifestyle. They initially tried to befriend tribes through trade but ultimately aimed to communicate Christian teachings. The Jesuits took vows of poverty and obedience and sought to spread Christianity in an organized manner. One Jesuit described Native American spiritual beliefs but also noted their physical advantages over the French.
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Humanism and challenges faced by the church authority
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2) Early civilizations developed near rivers due to resources and barriers protecting from invasion. Mountains and deserts also isolated groups.
3) History studies past events, especially related to humans. Primary sources directly observed events, while secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources.
4) Economics addresses producing and distributing limited resources to meet unlimited wants. Early systems included traditional, capitalism, socialism, and mercantilism.
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1) History is the study of how human communities developed over time through documenting daily life, ideas, systems of rule, and conflicts.
2) There are four main methods used to date historical events: historical records, tree ring dating, radiocarbon dating, and potassium-argon dating.
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Global midterm review
- 7. Minoans, Phoenicians Isolate societies, encourage trade Islands Indian monsoon traders Act as barriers and trade routes Oceans Persian Empire Flat areas easy to farm and travel along Plains Gobi desert in China Act as barriers Deserts Greek city-states Act as barriers Mountains Nile in Egypt Provides fresh water for drinking, trade, irrigation Rivers Specific Example Impact Geographic Feature
- 9. III. Early Humans/Neolithic Revolution Larger societies organized around farmlands Cities Government Writing Domestication of plants and animals (farming) Small groups of hunters and gatherers Short, difficult lives Life After the Neolithic Revolution The Neolithic Revolution Life Before the Neolithic Revolution
- 10. Early River Valley Civilizations Based on trade & farming Emperor (centralized government) Hierarchical society Polytheistic religion Literate Huang He (Yellow River) Based on trade & farming Centralized government Hierarchical society Polytheistic religion Literate Indus River Valley/Harappa Based on trade & farming King (centralized government) Hierarchical society Polytheistic religion Literate Mesopotamia Based on trade & farming King (Pharaoh) (centralized government) Hierarchical society Polytheistic religion Literate Egypt Economic Characteristics Political Characteristics Social Characteristics River Valley Civilization
- 11. Common Themes
- 13. Buddhism What’s my name?
- 14. The caste system
- 15. Polytheism
- 16. The holy book of Judaism The Torah
- 17. The 5 Relationships of Confucianism 1) King to subject 2) Father to son 4) Older sibling to younger sibling 5) Friend to friend 3) Husband to wife
- 18. The 3 major monotheistic religions
- 19. Hinduism
- 27. Pilgrimage to Mecca There is no God but Allah Daily prayer Religious taxes Fasting during Ramadan
- 28. Who brought Hinduism to India?
- 29. Why was Buddhism appealing to Hindus?
- 30. Confucianism
- 31. Animism
- 34. How did emperors gain power in China?
- 38. China continues to have a strong government and use strict punishment system. the people of China focused on bettering themselves and becoming one with nature Trained civil service Better government Foundation of Chinese government Foundation for social order in Asia Impact on China People are naturally evil and need a strong government and strict punishments to control them accepted things as they were; did not get involved in government Tried to understand nature, live in harmony with its rhythms 5 Relationships Filial Piety (respect for elders & ancestors) Beliefs N/A Dao De Jing The Analects Book Han Feizi Laozi Confucius Founder Legalism Daoism Confucianism Belief System
- 45. Thematic Essay