Rundown

1. Egypt
Egypt Nubia
Frenemies

2. Middle Kingdom
Egypt; 2080-
1640 B.C.E.

3. Hyksos conquer Egypt
• New chariot technology easily defeated
Egyptians.
• Hyksos rule from 1640-1570 B.C.E.

4. The New Kingdom 1570-1075
B.C.E.
• Egyptians overthrew Hyksos
• Expanded Egyptian Empire
• Hatshepsut; female pharaoh

5. • Thutmose III
conquered more
land, including
part of Nubia
• Ramses II, great
pharaoh,
– Made peace with
Hittites
– Great buildings
– 99, 150
Egypt reaches its peak

6. Egypt in decline
• Attacked by “People of the Sea”
(Philistines?)
• Large empire split into many small
kingdoms
• Libyans conquer Egypt

7. Nubia
• Ancient civilization
south of Egypt
• Traded with
Egyptians
• Eventually
conquered by
Egypt

8. Nubians become Egyptized
• Nubian monarchs and nobles moved to
Egypt
• Studied Egyptian language & religion
• “Guardians of Egyptian values”
Amenemhat
III, (1797 BCE) King Taharqa,
(664 BCE)

9. Kush (briefly) conquers Egypt
• 751 B.C.E., Kush King Piankhi overthrew
Libyan dynasty then ruling Egypt.
• 671 B.C.E., Assyrians conquer Egypt,
force Kushites to retreat

10. Meroë

11. Meroë
• Capital of Kushite Kingdom
• Grew wealthy & strong using the Nile to
trade
• 250 B.C.E. to 350 C.E.

12. Homework:
• Read pages 83-87
• Answer question 4
• Answer should be at least a paragraph,
and address all 3 “Think About” topics

13. Empire # 2: Assyria

14. The Assyrian Empire; 850 B.C.E – 612 B.C.E.

15. Assyria means War!Assyria means War!
• Assyrian society glorified militaryAssyrian society glorified military
strengthstrength
• The Assyrians created an empireThe Assyrians created an empire
using only military conquest &using only military conquest &
forceforce
• Question: Why?Question: Why?
• Answer: GeographyAnswer: Geography

16. • The Assyrians originally lived on a flat
plain that was constantly being invaded
• Their geography forced them to fight

18. Empire
• Using their
awesome
military
might, the
Assyrians
conquered all
of the fertile
crescent,
Egypt, and
Anatolia
(Turkey)

19. Reasons for Assyrian conquest
• 1) Military Technology
– Strong armor
– Best weapons
– Siege weapons (tunnels
& ladders)
– Long-range bows

20. • 2) Military Organization
– Planning & skill used in sieges
– Terror Tactics: killed all survivors (beheading),
some were sold into slavery

21. • 3) Strong,
centralized
Leadership
–Kings and
Governors
had complete
control over
conquered
areas.
Check
yourself
fool!

22. Assyrian Culture
• Focused on war & feats of bravery, e.g.
the lion hunt
• Cuneiform based writing system

24. Nineveh
• Assyrian capital city (Mosul)
• Built by King Sennacherib
• Largest city of its time
• Giant library

25. The End of Assyria
• Why did
Assyria fall?
– 1: Assyrian
Empire got too
big to control
– 2: Brutal
conquests
created many
enemies
– 3: Weak
leaders

26. The Conquerors became the
conquered
• Army of
Medes &
Chaldeans
conquered
Assyrian
empire
• Burnt Nineveh
to the ground
Celebrate!
Please join the Fertile
Crescent in celebrating the
end of the Assyrian Empire!

27. Chaldean King Nebuchadnezzar rebuilds
Tour the City
Amazing hanging
gardens! Built for
the King’s wife.
One of the wonders
of the ancient world.
300 foot high
Ziggurat.
Temple just like the
old days of ancient
Sumer
Editorial: New phonetic
alphabet is an abomination!
Letters that stand for sounds
instead of ideas? Preposterous!
Shall we all stand around
sounding words out instead of
instantly recognizing a symbol
as an idea. I don’t care for
these new-fangled ways, as a
people we must return to the
good and pure ideas of old.
Those ideas are enshrined in
our pictograms. Without them,
we as a society would fall apart,
chattering and inventing strange
new words until each one of us
had his very own language…
The Tower of Babel returns!
Beware citizens!
Babylon born again!
Ancient capital of Sumer revitalized - Since 600 B.C.E

28. Assyrian
Military Power
Causes of Increasing
Power
1.
2.
3.
Causes of Declining
Power
1.
2.
3.